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________________ bhAratIya darzanameM AtmavAda sAdhvI nirmalAzrI mAnava svabhAva cintanazIla hai| vaha kucha na kucha cintana karatA rahatA hai, isaliye darzanakA kSetra 'satyakA anveSaNa' honA caahiye| bhagavAn mahAvIrake zabdoMmeM 'satya hI lokameM sArabhUta hai|' darzana zabdakA prayoga sabase pahale 'AtmAse sambandha rakhanevAlA vicAra ke arthameM huA hai| darzana arthAt vaha tattvajJAna jo AtmA, karma, paraloka, mokSa AdikA vicAra kreN| 'tAttvika vicAra-paddhati' yA 'tattvajJAna'ko bhI darzana kahA jAtA hai| jisa paddhati yA vastuko lekara tarkapUrNa vicAra kiyA jAya usIkA vaha (vicAra) darzana bana jAtA hai-jaise Atmadarzana aadi| sabase pramukha tattva AtmA hai-'jo AtmAko jAna letA hai vaha sabako jAna letA hai| __ aneka vyakti yaha nahIM jAnate ki 'maiM kauna hU~?' 'kahA~se AyA hU~?' 'kahA~ jAU~gA?' 'merA punarjanma hogA ki nahIM ?", darzanakA janma isa tarahakI jijJAsAse hotA hai| isa vicArapaddhatikI nIMva AtmA hai| yadi AtmA hai to vaha vicAra hai, yadi AtmA nahIM hai to vaha bhI nhiiN| ataH AtmAke viSayameM dArzanikoMkA mantavya jAnanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| cArvAka darzanake anusAra-pratyakSa hI ekamAtra pramANa hai| ataH svarga, naraka, AtmA, paraloka Adi nahIM hai| yaha loka itanA hI hai jitanA dRSTigocara hotA hai| jar3a jagat pRthivI Adi cAra prakArake bhautika tatvoM se banA huA hai| jaise pAna, cUnA aura katthemeM alaga alaga lalAI dIkha nahIM paDatI, para inake saMyoga honese lalAIkI utpatti ho jAtI hai aura mAdaka dravyoMke saMyogase madirAmeM mAdakatAkA 1 sacaM logammi sArabhUyaM-praznavyA0 2 saMvaradvAra / saccammi thiI kuvvahA-AcA0 1 / 3 / 3 / 111 / 2 nyA. sU0-1-1-1, vai0 da. 111 / 3 Atmani vijJAte sarvamidaM vizAtaM bhavati - bRha0 upa0 2-4-6 / je egaM jANai se sambaM jANai-AcA0 4 iha megesiM no sannA hoi, kamhAo disAo vA Ago ahamaMsi ? asthi me AyA ubavAie vA natthi ? kevA ahamaMsi ? ke vA io cuo iha peccA bhavissAmi |-aacaa0 111 / www.jeinelibrary.org
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________________ 2 : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava grantha AvirbhAva hotA hai, vaise hI pRthivI Adi cAroM bhUta jaba deharUpameM pariNata hote haiM taba usa pariNAma vizeSase usameM caitanya utpanna ho jAtA hai|' usa caitanya viziSTa dehako jIva kahA jAtA hai / 2 'maiM sthUla hU~', 'maiM kRza hU~', 'maiM prasanna hU~' Adi anubhavoM kA jJAna hameM caitanyayukta zarIrameM hotA hai, bhUtoMke nAza hone para usakA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai| ataH caitanyaviziSTa zarIra hI kartA tathA bhoktA hai, usase bhinna AtmAke astitvakA koI pramANa nahIM hai| zarIra aneka haiM ataH upalakSaNase jIva bhI aneka haiM, deha ke sAtha utpatti aura vinAza svIkAranese vaha dehAkAra aura anitya hai| cArvAkakA ekadeza koI indriyako, koI prANako aura koI manako bhI AtmA mAnate haiN| koI caitanyako jJAna aura dehako jar3a mAnate haiN| unake matameM AtmA, jJAna-jar3Atmaka hai|" bauddhadarzanake anusAra-AtmAse kisI sthAyI dravyakA bodha nahIM hotA hai kintu vijJAna-pravAhakA bodha hotA hai| vijJAnaguNarUpa honeke kAraNa usakA koI pariNAma nahIM hai| buddhako upaniSada pratipAdita AtmAke rahasyako samajhAnA pradhAna viSaya thaa| sakala duSkarmoM ke mUlameM isI AtmavAdako kAraNa mAnakara unhoMne AtmA jaise eka pRthak padArthakI sattAko hI asvIkAra kiyA hai| mokSakI sAdhanAke viSayameM prAyaH buddhadevakA upaniSadoMse koI matabheda nahIM diikhtaa| kintu AtmAko lekara buddha aura upaniSatkAroMmeM jo bheda hai, use hama isa prakArase rakha sakate haiM ki jahAM upaniSadeM yaha mAnatI haiM ki mokSa AtmajJAnase hotA hai, vahAM buddhadevakA yaha vicAra hai ki AtmAkA jJAna mokSa nahIM, jIvake bandhanakA kAraNa hai|... AtmAkA astitva hai, tabataka hama 'maiM aura merA'ke bandhanase chUTa nahIM skte| vijJAnoM ke pravAharUpa AtmA pratikSaNa naSTa hone ke kAraNa anitya hai| pUrva-pUrva vijJAna uttarottara vijJAna meM kAraNarUpa honese mAnasika anubhava aura smaraNAdika kI asiddhi nahIM hai| bauddha anAtmavAdI hote hue bhI karma, punarjanma svIkAra karate haiN| DokTara pharakoharakA mata hai ki 'buddhadeva punarjanmako mAnate the kintu AtmAke asvitvameM unakA vizvAsa nahIM thaa| ___ yadi buddha AtmAkI nityatAko nahIM mAnate the to punarjanmameM unakA vizvAsa kaise ho sakatA thA ? bacapana, yuvA aura vRddhAvasthAmeM eka hI vyaktikA astitva kaise ho sakatA hai ? pratItyasamutpAda aura parivartanavAdake kAraNa nitya AtmAkA astitva asvIkAra karate hue bhI buddha yaha svIkAra karate the ki jIvana vibhinna avasthAoMkA eka pravAha yA saMtAna hai| jIvanakI vibhinna avasthAoMmeM pUrvApara kArya-kAraNa sambandha rahatA hai isaliye saMpUrNa jIvana ekamaya jJAta hotA hai| jaise dIpakajyota; vaha pratikSaNa bhinna honepara bhI avicchinna jJAta hotI hai| 1 kiNvAdibhyo madazaktivacaitanyamupajAyate |-srv0 da0 saMgraha. pR0 2 / 2 caitanyaviziSTadeha evAtmA |-srv0 da0 saMgraha. pR0 3 / 3 vijJAnaghana evaitebhyo bhUtebhyaH samutthAya tAnyevAnuvinazyati na pretya saMzAsti |-bR0 2 / 4 / 12 / 4 cArvAkaikadezina eva kecidindriyANyevAtmA, anye ca prANa evAtmA, apare ca mana evAtmeti manyante / - sarva0 da0 saMgraha. pR0 56 / 5 caitanyaviziSTe dehe ca caitanyAMzo bodharUpaH dehAzazca jaDarUpa ityetanmate jaDabodhatadubhayarUpo jIvo bhavati / -- sarva0 da. saMgraha. pR0 56 / 6 vijJAnasvarUpo jIvAtmA |---srv0 da0 saM0 pR0 57 / 7 dIrgha0 ni0 pR0 113-115 / bhAratIya darzana / baladeva / upAdhyAya pR0 185 / 8.1 saskRtika cAra adhyAya / dinakarajI / pR0 135-136 /
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________________ bhAratIya darzanameM AtmavAda : 3 AtmA ke viSaya meM pUchanepara buddha kahate the ki 'yadi maiM kahU~ AtmA hai to loga zAzvatavAdI bana jAte haiM, yadi yaha kahU~ ki AtmA nahIM hai to loga ucchedavAdI ho jAte haiN|' buddha madhyamArgake vyAkhyAtA the| DokTara Ananda kumAra svAmIkA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki, sAre bauddha sAhityameM kahIM bhI yaha ullekha nahIM milatA ki AtmA nahIM hai athavA jo zarIra rogI, vRddha yA mRta bana jAtA hai usase alaga manuSya meM koI zakti nahIM hotI.......3 rAhula jIne isa viSayakI vyAkhyA karate hue likhA hai ki, "buddha ke samayameM AtmAke svarUpake viSayameM do mata pracalita the| eka to yaha ki AtmA zarIrameM basanevAlI, para usase bhinna eka zakti hai, jinake rahanese zarIra jIvita rahatA hai aura jisake cale jAnese vaha zava ho jAtA hai| dUsarA mata yaha thA ki AtmA zarIrase bhinna koI kUTastha vastu nahIM hai| zarIrameM hI rasoMke yogase AtmA nAmaka zakti paidA hotI hai, jo zarIrako jIvita rakhatI hai| rasomeM kamI-bezI honese isa zaktikA lopa ho jAtA hai jisase zarIra jIvita nahIM raha paataa| buddhadevane anyatrakI bhA~ti yahAM bhI bIcakI rAha pakar3I aura yaha kahA ki AtmA na to sanAtana aura kUTastha hai na vaha zarIrake rasoM para hI bilakula avalambita rahatI hai aura na vaha zarIrase bilakula bhinna hI hai| vaha, asalameM skandhoM bhUta (Matter) aura mana(Mind)ke yogase utpanna eka zakti hai, jo anya bAhya bhUtoMkI bhAMti kSaNa-kSaNa utpanna aura vilIna hotI rahatI hai| unhoMne na to bhautikavAdiyoM ke ucchedavAdako svIkAra kiyA, na upaniSadavAdiyoMke shaashvtvaadko| asalameM, AtmAke viSayameM unakA mata azAzvatAnucchedavAdakA paryAya thaa|"4 mAdhyamika bauddhoM ke anusAra vyavahAradazAmeM jIvAtmA pratibhAsita hotA hai kintu usakA mUla svarUpa zUnya nyAya-vaizeSikadarzanake anusAra-jIvAtmA kUTasthanitya aura vibhu hai| vaha aneka hai| buddhi yA jJAna, sukha-duHkha, rAga-dveSa, icchA, prayatna Adi guNa usameM rahate haiN| ye jar3a jagata ke guNa nahIM hai ataH hame mAnanA hI par3atA hai ki ye eka aise dravya ke guNa haiM jo jar3a dravyoMse bhinna hai, jise AtmA kahateM hai| maharSi kaNAdane 'prANApAna, nimeSonmeSa, jIvana, manogati, indriyAntara, Adi AtmAke liGga batalAye haiN| 'iMdriya aura zarIra AdikA niyantraNa karanevAlA AtmA hai| jo karaNa hotA hai vaha kartAkI apekSA rakhatA hai| inakA mata vastuvAdI hai| vaizeSika sukha duHkha AdikI samAnatAkI dRSTi se AtmAkI ekatA mAnate hai aura vyavasthAkI dRSTise AtmAkI prati zarIra bhinnatA mAnate haiN| 1 astIti zAzvatagrAhI, nAstItyucchedadarzanam / tasmAdastitva-nAstitve, nAzrIyeta vicakSaNaH // mA0 kA0 18 / 10 2 Atmetyapi prazApitamanAtmetyapi dezitam / bubai tmA na cAnAtmA, kazcidityapi dezitam // mA0 kA0 1946 jainadarzanake maulikatattva |-pR0 392 / 3 saMskRtike cAra adhyAya, dinakarajI, pR0 139 / 4 saMskRtike cAra a0, pR0 139 / 5 sarva0 da0 saM0, pR0 36 / 6 prANApAnanibheSonmeSa ...... AtmaliGgAni / vaizeSika sU0 3 / 2 / 4 / 7 AtmendriyAyadhiSThAtA karaNaM hi sakartRkam |-muktaavlii kA0 47 / 8 sukha-duHkha-jJAna-nirUpatvavizeSAdaikAtmyam / vai0 sU0 3 / 2 / 19 / 9 vyavasthAto nAnA / vai0 sU0 3 / 2 / 20 / jIvastu pratizarIraM bhinna:-tarkasaMgraha
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________________ 4 : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava anya sAMkhyadarzanake anusAra-dvividha mUlatattva hai prakRti aura puruSa (aatmaa)| prakRti jaDAtmikA eka hai, parantu puruSa cetana tathA aneka hai| sAMkhya AtmAko nitya aura niSkriya mAnate haiN| isI bAtako AcArya zrI hemacaMdra jIne 'syAdvAdamaJjarI' meM nirdeza kiyA hai ki kApiladarzanAnusAra AtmA (puruSa) "amUrta' cetana, bhoktA, nitya, sarvavyApI, kriyArahita, akartA, nirguNa aura sUkSma" hai| sAMkhya jIvako kartA nahIM mAnate, kintu prAtibhASika kartA aura phalabhoktA mAnate haiN| unake matAnusAra kartRtvazakti prakRtimeM haiN| 'maiM hU~', 'yaha merA hai' isa pratItike dvArA AtmAkA astitva nirvivAda siddha hai| buddhi meM cetanAzaktike pratibiMba par3anese AtmA (puruSa) apaneko abhinna samajhatA hai, ataH AtmAmeM meM sukhI hU~, duHkhI hU~, aisA jJAna hotA hai| vAdamahArNavameM bhI kahA haiM: "darpaNake samAna buddhimeM par3anevAlA padArthoMkA pratibiMba puruSarUpI darpaNameM pratibiMbita hotA hai / buddhi ke pratibiMbakA puruSameM jhalakanA hI puruSakA bhoga hai, isIse puruSako bhoktA kahate haiN| isase AtmAmeM koI vikAra nahI AtA"4 isI taraha pataJjali, Asuri aura vindhyavAsIne bhI apane vicAra vyakta kiye haiM / mImAMsAdarzanake anusAra-AtmA kartA tathA bhoktA hai| vaha vyApaka aura pratizarIrameM bhinna hai| jJAna, sukha, duHkha tathA icchAdi guNa usameM samavAya sambandhase rahate haiN| AtmA jJAnasukhAdirUpa nahIM hai| bhATTa mImAMsaka AtmAko aMzabhedase jJAnasvarUpa aura aMzabhedase jar3a svarUpa mAnatA haiM, unake matAnusAra AtmA bodha-abodharUpa hai|5 bhATTa AtmAmeM kriyAke astitvako mAnate haiM, unake matAnusAra pariNAmazIla honepara bhI AtmA nitya padArtha hai| AtmA cidaMzase pratyeka jJAnako prApta karatA hai aura acidaMzase vaha pariNAma ko prApta karatA hai| kumArila AtmAko caitanyasvarUpa nahIM kiMtu caitanya viziSTa mAnate haiN| zarIra tathA viSayase saMyoga honepara AtmAmeM caitanyakA udaya hotA hai, para svapnAvasthAmeM viSayase saMparka na hone ke kAraNa AtmAmeM caitanya nahIM rhtaa| prabhAkara AtmAmeM kriyAvattA nahIM mAnate / bhAdR matAnusAra AtmApara vicAra karanepara Atmabodha hotA hai| 'maiM hU~' ise 'ahaMvitti' (self-Consciousness) kahate haiN| isIkA viSaya (Object) jo padArtha hotA hai vaha AtmA hai| prabhAkara isa matako nahIM maantaa| usakA kathana hai ki 'ahaMvitti' kI dhAraNA hI ayukta hai| kyoMki eka hI AtmA jJAtA aura jJeya donoM eka sAtha nahIM ho sktaa| vedAntadarzanake anusAra-zaMkarakA mata vizuddha advaitavAdakA hai| unake matAnusAra svabhAvataH jIva eka aura vibhu hai, paraMtu dehAdi upAdhiyoM ke kAraNa nAnA pratIta hotA hai| eka viSayakA dUsare viSaya ke sAtha bheda, jJAta aura zeyakA bheda, jIva aura IzvarakA bheda ye saba mAyAkI sRSTi hai| upaniSadoMmeM pratipAdita 1 amUrtazcetano bhogI, nityaH sarvagato'kriyaH / akartA nirguNa: sUkSmaH, AtmA kApiladarzane / syA0 ma0 pR0 186 / 2 prakRtereva vastutaH kartRtvam tacca prakRtisambandhAjjIvAtmani pratibhAsaH, atastatprAtimAsikamiti sAMkhyAH pAtaJjalAzca vadanti bhoktRtvamapyevameva / sa0 da0 saMgraha. pR0 58 / 3 sAMkhyakArikA, 62 / 4 syAdvAdamaarI-pR0 186 / 5 bhAdR / AtmAnamaMzabhedena jJAnasvarUpaM jaDasvarUpaM cecchanti / teSAM mata AtmA bodhAbodharUpa iti-paJcadazI-citrapada prakaraNa. 695 / cidaMzena dRSTatvaM so'yamiti pratyabhizA, viSayatvaM ca acidaMzena / jJAnasukhAdirUpeNa pariNAmitvam / sa AtmA ahaM pratyayenaiva vedyaH // kAzmIraka sadAnanda-advata brahmAsiddhi / prakaraNa-pazcikA. pR0 144 /
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________________ bhAratIya darzanameM AtmavAda: 5 jIva aura brahmakI ekatA ke ve pUrNa samarthaka haiN| zaMkarAcAryakA kathana hai ki pramANa Adi sakala vyavahAroMkA Azraya AtmA hI hai / ataH ina vyavahAroMse pahale hI usa AtmAkI siddhi hai| AtmAkA nirAkaraNa nahIM ho sakatA / nirAkaraNa hotA hai Agantuka vastukA svabhAvakA nahIM / ' manuSya, zarIra - AtmA ke saMyogase banA huA jAna par3atA hai| paraMtu jisa zarIrako hama pratyakSa dekhate haiM, vaha anyAnya bhautika viSayoMkI taraha mAyAkI sRSTi hai / isa bAtakA jJAna ho jAnepara AtmA aura brahmameM kucha antara nahIM hai / 'tattvamasi' vAkyakA artha hai ki jIvAtmA brahmase abhinna hai arthAt donoMmeM abheda - sambandha hai / ' tvaM' se jIvakA adhiSThAnarUpa zuddha caitanya aura 'tat' se parokSa tattvakA adhiSThAna zuddha caitanya samajhanA cAhiye / isI tAdAtmyakA jJAna karanA 'tattvamasi' vAkyakA tAtparya hai / advaita matAnusAra jIvakA kartRtva naimittika hai / rAmAnuja ke viziSTAdvaita ke anusAra - tIna tattva hote haiM : cit, acit tathA Izvara / upaniSadoMmeM varNita Izvara aura jIvakI ekalA abheda sUcaka ekatA nahIM hai / brahma, cit (jIva) acit (jar3a) donoM tattvoMse yukta hai ataH vaha saguNa hai, nirguNa nahIM / cit aura acit aMza ekadUsare se bhinna haiM, tathApi una donoM aMzoMse viziSTa hote hue bhI brahma eka hai / brahmameM ye donoM aMza (tattva ) apanI bIjAvasthA meM nihita rahate haiM / pralayAvasthA meM jIvoM tathA bhautika padArthoMkA nAza ho jAtA hai taba bhI brahma, zuddha cit (zarIrarahita jIva) aura avyakta acit ( nirviSayaka-bhUta tattva ) se yukta rahatA hai / ise kAraNa brahma kahate haiM / jaba sRSTi hotI hai tatra brahma zarIradhArI jIva tathA bhautika padArthoMke rUpameM abhivyakta hotA hai yaha kArya brahma hai / brahma ananta guNoM kA bhaMDAra hai / yaha sarvajJa, sarvazaktimAn hai / zAMkara matameM brahma hI mAyopAdhise Izvara aura avidyopAdhise jIva kahalAtA hai, parantu jar3a jagata prAtibhAsika ( mithyA) hI hai / ataH eka hI tatva hai / rAmAnuja ke anusAra brahma hI Izvara hai, usake zarIrabhUta jIva aura jagat usase bhinna haiM tathA nitya haiM / ataH padArtha tIna hai, eka nahIM / jIva aNuparimANa haiM kintu ananta haiN| ve ekadUsare se sarvathA pRthaka haiN| upaniSad aura gItAke anusAra - AtmA nitya hai, na kabhI vaha maratA hai aura doSoMko prApta karatA hai| AtmA zarIra se vilakSaNa, manase bhinna, vibhu" aura apariNAmI hai / vaha vANI dvArA agamya hai / " usakA vistRta svarUpa neti neti ke dvArA batAyA hai / " upaniSadoMne do prakAra ke vAkyoMkA prayoga kiyA hai| eka nirvizeSa liGga aura dUsarA savizeSa liGga / savizeSa liGga zrutiyA~, sarvakarmA, sarvakAma, sarvagandha Adi hai / nirvizeSa zrutiyA~ 'vaha na sthUla hai, ' na aNu hai, na kSudra hai, na vizAla hai Adi haiN| 1 AtmA tu pramANAdivyavahArAzrayatvAt prAgeva pramANAdivyavahArAt sidhyati / na cedRzasya nirAkaraNaM saMbhavati, AgantukaM hi nirAkriyate na svarUpam / zAM0 bhA0 2/3/7 vastvantara viziSTasyaiva advitIyatvaM zrutyabhiprAyaH / sUkSmacidacidviziSTasya brahmaNaH tadAnIM siddhatvAt viziSTasyaiva advitIyatvaM siddham / vedAntatattvasAra | bAlAgrazata bhAgasya zatadhA kalpitasya / bhAgo jIvaH sa vijJeyaH sa cAnantyAya kalpate / zre0 5-9 / 2 3 * na hanyate hanyamAne zarIre ...... kaTha. upa. 1-2 / 15/18 IzAvAsyamidaM sarvaM / yat kiJca jagatyAM jagat-IzA0 upa0 / 5 6 avikAryo'yamucyate ...... gI0 2 - 25 | 7 yato vAco nivartante, aprApya manasA saha-- taitta0 upa0 2 / 4 / 9 sa eSa neti neti bRdda0 upa0 4/5/15 / santi ubhayaliGgA: zrutayo brahmaviSathaH / sarvakarmetyAdyAH savizeSaliGgA : asthUlamanaNu ityevamAyAzca nirvizeSaliGgA; - zAGkara bhASya /
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________________ 6 : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava grantha jainadarzakake anusAra - AtmA jar3ase bhinna aura ' caitanya svarUpa' hai| sAMkhyayoga meM jise 'puruSa' kahA gayA hai, bauddha jise 'vijJAnapravAha' kahate haiM, cArvAka jise ' 'caitanya viziSTa deha' mAnate haiM, aura nyAya-vaizeSika tathA vedAntamatase jo AtmA hai, vaha jainadarzana kI dRSTise jIva hai / to bhI jainadarzana kI AtmaviSayaka vicAradhArA anya darzanoM se svataMtra hai / ' dravyasaMgraha aura paJcAstikAyameM jIvakI vyAkhyA isaprakAra hai : 'jIva upayogamaya, amUrta, kartA, svadeha parimANa, bhoktA, saMsArastha, siddha aura svabhAvataH urdhvagativAlA hai / " 'jIva astitvavAn, cetana, upayogaviziSTa, prabhu, kartA, bhoktA, dehamAtra amUrta aura karmasaMyukta hai| zrI vAdidevasUrijIne bhI ' pramANanayanatattvAlokAlaGkAra ' meM saMsArI AtmAkA jo svarUpa batalAyA hai usameM jainadarzanasammata AtmAkA pUrNarUpa A jAtA hai - jaise 'pratyakSAdi pramANoM se siddha, caitanyasvarUpa, pariNAmI, kartA, sAkSAdbhoktA, sva- dehaparimANa, pratyeka zarIra meM bhinna aura paudgalika kamase yukta AtmA hai / 14 AtmaviSayaka isa lakSaNapara vicAra karanese pratIta hotA hai ki jainadarzanAnusAra jar3a se bhinna jo jIva hai vaha pratyakSAdi pramANoMse siddha vAstavika padArtha hai / AcAryazrIne isa sUtra AtmAko jar3ase bhinna aura 'caitanyasvarUpa' kahA hai| caitanya AtmAkA mukhya guNa aura usakA svAbhAvika svarUpa hai| AtmA 'jJAnamaya' honeke kAraNa cArvAka, bauddha, vaizeSika isa vizeSaNase bhinna ho jAte haiN| cArvAka jar3a se bhinna padArthakA astitva hI sahamata haiM ki caitanya jar3apadArthakA vikAra nahIM hai / nahIM svIkArate, kevala vijJAna - pravAhako mAnate haiN| ina vijJAna - pravAha ke mUlameM koI sthAyI sat padArtha nahIM hai| vaizeSika caitanyako, AtmAse bhinna, dehaindriya aura manase utpanna honevAlA Agantuka dharma mAnate haiM / nahIM svIkAra krte| jainoMse bauddha dArzanika isa bAta se kintu ve AtmAnAmaka eka sat padArthake astitvako unakA kathana hai ki pratikSaNa udaya aura laya honevAle pratisamaya anyAnya paryAyoM meM gamana karaneke kAraNa AtmA 'pariNAmI ' hai / jaise soneke mukuTa, kuNDala Adi banate haiM, taba bhI vaha sonA hI rahatA hai, ThIka usI prakAra cAroM gatiyoMmeM bhramaNa karate hue jIvakI paryAe~ badalatI hai, to bhI jIvadravya vaise hI rahatA hai / 'AtmAkA 'pariNAmI ' vizeSaNa honeke kAraNa nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya Adi bhinna ho jAte haiM, kyoMki ve AtmAko apariNAmI kUTasthanitya mAnate haiM / AtmA kartA tathA sAkSAdbhoktA bhI hai| jaise karmakAra kArya karatA hai aura usakA phala bhogatA hai, vaise hI saMsArI AtmA apanI sat-asat pravRttiyoMke dvArA zubhAzubha karmoMkA svayaM saMcaya karatI hai aura usakA phala sAkSAt bhogatI hai / pariNAmI, kartA aura sAkSAdbhoktA vizeSaNoM ke dvArA sAMkhya alaga ho jAte haiM / kAraNa, ve prakRtiko kartA mAnate haiM aura puruSako kartRtvazaktirahita, pariNAmarahita, Aropita bhoktA mAnate haiM / 1 jIva uvaogamabha amutto kattA sadehaparimANo / bhottA saMsAra tyo siddho so virasasoDDhagaI / - dravya0 saM0 gA0 2 / 2 jIvotti havadi cedA udaoga visesido pahU kattA / bhottA ca dehamatto Na hi mUtto kammasaMjutto - paJcAstikAya / 3 4 pramAtA pratyakSAdi prasiddha AtmA / pramANa na0 tattvA0 sU0 7 / 55 / caitanyakharUpaH pariNAmI kartA sAkSAdbhokA svadehaparimANaH pratikSetraM bhinna: paugalikAdRSTavAMzcAyamiti pramANanayatattvAkAlaGkAra sU0 7/56 |
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________________ bhAratIya darzanameM AtmavAda : 7 AtmA 'sva-deha pariNAma' hai kAraNa usakA saMkoca aura vistAra kArmaNazarIra sApekSa hotA hai| karmayukta dazAmeM jIva zarIrakI maryAdAmeM bandhe hue hote haiM, isaliye unakA pariNAma svataMtra nahIM hotaa| jo AtmA hAthI ke zarIrameM rahatI hai vaha kuMthuke zarIrameM bhI raha sakatI hai kyoMki usameM saMkoca-vistArakI zakti hai| ___ AtmAkA 'sva deha pariNAmI' vizeSaNa hone ke kAraNa nyAya-vaizeSika, advaitavedAntI aura sAMkhya vibhinna ho jAte haiN| kAraNa, ve AtmAko sarvavyApaka mAnate haiN| __AtmAkA eka vizeSaNa hai 'pratikSetre vibhinna' arthAt pratyeka zarIrameM svatantra hai| yaha jainadarzanakI mAnyatA sAMkhya, naiyAyika aura viziSTAdvaitavAdIke anukUla hai, to bhI advaitavAdI bhinna ho jAte haiN| kAraNa, unake matAnusAra svabhAvataH jIva eka hai, parantu dehAdi upAdhiyoM ke kAraNa nAnA pratIta hotA hai| jainamatAnasAra jIva 'pauvAlika adRSTavAn' arthAt karmasaMyukta hai| jaise sonA aura miTTIkA saMyoga anAdi hai, vaise hI jIva aura karmakA saMyoga bhI anAdi hai| jaise khAyA huA bhojana apane Apa sapta dhAtuke rUpameM pariNata hotA hai, vaise hI jIva dvArA grahaNa kiye hue karmayogya pudgala apane Apa karmarUpameM pariNata ho jAte haiN| AtmAkA 'paudgalika adRSTavAn' vizeSaNa honeke kAraNa nyAya-vaizeSika aura vedAntI bhinna ho jAte haiN| kAraNa, cArvAka adRSTa arthAt karmasattA ko mAnate hI nhiiN| nyAya vaizeSika adRSTa(dharmAdharma)ko AtmAkA vizeSaguNa mAnate haiM aura vedAntI use mAyArUpa mAnakara usakI sattAko hI nahI sviikaarte| saMkSepameM, jainadarzana ke anusAra AtmA-caitanyasvarUpa, vibhinna avasthAoMmeM pariNata honepara bhI nitya (kaTastha nitya nahIM), zubhAzubha karmokA kartA tathA usake phalakA bhoktA, sva-deha-pariNAma, na aNu, na vibhu kintu madhyama parimANakA hai| INV