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________________ zrI vijaya muni, zAstrI, sAhityaratna [dharma evaM darzana ke prakAMDa paMDita, 'vizvadarzana kI rUpa-rekhA' jaise gaMbhIra granthoM ke L lekhaka / kuzala padyakAra, kathA zilpI, prabhAvazAlI pravaktA, ciMtaka evaM prabuddha manISI] | mAna bhAratIya darzana ke sAmAnya siddhAnta AdhyAtmika pRSThabhUmi bhAratIya darzana phira bhale hI vaha kisI bhI sampradAya kA kyoM na rahA ho, usakA mUla svara | adhyAtmavAda rahA hai| bhArata kA eka bhI isa prakAra kA koI sampradAya nahIM hai, jisake darzana-zAstra / meM AtmA, Izvara aura jagata ke sambandha meM vicAraNA na kI gaI ho| AtmA kA svarUpa kyA hai ? Izvara kA svarUpa kyA hai ? aura jagata kI vyavasthA kisa prakAra hotI hai ? ina viSayoM para bhArata kI pratyeka darzana-paramparA ne apane-apane dRSTikoNa se vicAra kiyA hai / jaba AtmA kI vicAraNA hotI hai, taba svAbhAvika rUpa se Izvara kI vicAraNA ho hI jAtI hai / ina donoM kI vicAraNA ke sAtha jagata kI vicAraNA bhI Avazyaka ho jAtI hai / darzana-zAstra ke ye tIna hI viSaya mukhya mAne gae haiN| AtmA cetana hai, jJAna usakA svabhAva hai, isa satya ko sabhI ne svIkAra kiyA hai / usakI amaratA ke sambandha meM bhI kisI ko sandeha nahIM hai| bhAratIya-darzanoM meM eka mAtra cArvAka-darzana hI isa prakAra kA hai, jo AtmA ko zarIra se bhinna nahIM mAnatA / vaha AtmA ko bhautika mAnatA hai, . abhautika nahIM / jaba ki samasta dArzanika AtmA ko eka svara se abhautika svIkAra karate haiN| AtmA ke astitva ke sambandha meM aura usakI amaratA ke sambandha meM kisI bhI bhAratIya dArzanikaparamparA ko saMzaya nahIM rahA hai| AtmA ke svarUpa aura lakSaNa ke sambandha meM tathA saMkhyA ke sambandha meM bheda rahA hai, para usake astitva ke sambandha meM kisI bhI prakAra kA bheda nahIM rhaa| Izvara ke sambandha meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM sabhI dArzanikoM ne usake astitva ko svIkAra kiyA hai, parantu Izvara ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM tathA lakSaNa ke sambandha meM paryApta bheda rahA hai| jagata ke astitva ke sambandha meM kisI bhI darzana-paramparA ko sandeha nahIM rhaa| cArvAka bhI jagata ke astitva ko svIkara karatA hai| anya sabhI darzana-paramparAoM ne jagata ke astitva ko svIkAra kiyA hai, aura usakI utpatti evaM racanA ke sambandha meM apanI-apanI paddhati se vicAra kiyA hai| kisI ne usakA Adi aura anta svIkAra kiyA hai, aura kisI ne use anAdi aura ananta mAnA hai| darzana-zAstra sampUrNa sattA ke viSaya meM koI dhAraNA banAne kA prayatna karatA hai / usakA uddezya vizva ko samajhanA hai / sattA kA svarUpa kyA hai ? prakRti kyA hai ? AtmA kyA hai ? aura Izvara kyA hai ? darzana-zAstra ina samasta jijJAsAoM kA samAdhAna karane kA prayatna karatA hai / darzanazAstra meM yaha bhI samajhane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai, ki mAnava jIvana kA prayojana aura usakA AcArmara bhAcAryapravara abhinandana prAsAnanda-grantha2 zrAAnandajanya mAna MARARIAOMJASAJANAMINAJABRJAR MARROAnuruRMANAJASALAIMARALAPAIMAANABANAJAMING minews Moviwrrrrr
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________________ zrIAnanda anya zrIAnanda anya 230 dharma aura darzana mulya kyA hai ? tathA jagata ke sAtha usakA kyA sambandha hai ? isa dRSTi se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki darzana-zAstra jIvana aura anubhava kI samAlocanA hai| darzana-zAstra kA nirmANa manuSya ke vicAra aura anubhava ke AdhAra para hotA hai| tarkaniSTha vicAra jJAna kA sAdhana rahA hai| darzana tarka-niSTha vicAra ke dvArA sattA ke svarUpa ko samajhane kA prayatna karatA hai| pAzcAtya-darzana meM saiddhAntika prayojana kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai / vaha svatantra cintana para AdhArita hai, aura AptapramANa kI upekSA karatA hai| nIti aura dharma kI vyAvahArika bAtoM se vaha preraNA nahIM letA / jabaki bhAratIya-darzana AdhyAtmika cintana se preraNA pAtA hai| vAstava meM bhAratIya-darzana eka adhyAtma zodha evaM khoja hai| bhAratIya-darzana sattA ke svarUpa kI jo khoja karatA hai, usake pIche usakA uddezya mAnava-jIvana ke carama sAdhya mokSa ko prApta karanA hai / sattA ke svarUpa kA jJAna isalie Avazyaka hai, ki vaha niHzreyasa aura parama-sAdhya ko prApta karane kA eka sAdhana hai / isa AdhAra para yaha kahA jAtA hai, ki bhAratIya-darzana apane mUla svarUpa meM eka AdhyAtmika-darzana hai, bhautika-darzana nhiiN| yadyapi bhAratIya-darzana meM bhautikatA kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai, phira bhI isakA mUla svabhAva AdhyAtmikatA hI rahA hai| isakA sarvaprathama pramANa to yaha hai ki bhArata meM dharma aura darzana ko eka dUsare para Azrita mAnA gayA hai| parantu dharma kA artha andha-vizvAsa nahIM, tarka-pUrNa anubhava mAnA gayA hai| bhAratIya-paramparA ke anusAra dharma AdhyAtmika-zakti ko prApta karane kA eka vyAvahArika upAya evaM sAdhana hai / darzana-zAstra sattA kI mImAMsA karatA hai, aura usake svarUpa ko vicAra ke dvArA pakar3atA hai, jisase mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| ataH spaSTa hai ki bhAratIya-darzana eka bauddhika vilAsa nahIM hai, balki vaha eka AdhyAtmika khoja hai / bhAratIya-darzana cintana evaM manana ke AdhAra para pratiSThita hai, lekina usameM cintana aura manana kA sthAna Agama, piTaka evaM vedoM kI apekSA gauNa hai / bhAratIya darzana kI pratyeka paramparA Aptavacana athavA zabdapramANa para adhika AdhArita rahI hai / jaina apane Agama para adhika vizvAsa karate haiM, vauddha apane piTaka para adhika zraddhA rakhate haiM aura vaidika-paramparA ke sabhI sampradAya vedoM ke vacanoM para hI eka mAtra AdhAra rakhate haiM / isa prakAra bhAratIya-darzana meM pratyakSa anabhUti kI apekSA parokSa anubhUti para adhika bala diyA gayA hai / bhArata ke dArzanika sampradAya bhArata ke dArzanika sampradAyoM ko aneka vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne bhI unakA vargIkaraNa aneka prakAra se kiyA hai| AcArya haribhadra ne apane 'paDdarzana samuccaya' meM, AcArya madhva ne 'sarva-darzana-saMgraha' meM, AcArya zaMkara ne 'sarva-siddhAnta-saMgraha' Adi meM darzanoM kA vargIkaraNa vibhinna prakAra se kiyA hai| pAzcAtya-darzana paramparA ke dArzanikoM ne vargIkaraNa kI jo paddhati svIkAra kI hai, vaha bhI eka prakAra kI na hokara aneka prakAra kI hai / saba se adhika pracalita paddhati yaha hai ki bhAratIya-darzana ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA haiAstika-darzana aura nAstika-darzana / Astika darzana isa prakAra haiM-sAMkhya, yoga, vaizeSika, nyAya, mImAMsA aura vedAnta / nAstika-darzana isa prakAra haiM--cArvAka, jaina aura bauddha / parantu yaha paddhati na tarka pUrNa hai, aura na samIcIna / vaidika-darzanoM ko Astika kahane kA kyA AdhAra rahA hai, aura avaidika darzanoM ko nAstika kahane kA kyA AdhAra rahA hai, yaha spaSTa nahIM hai ? isakA eka mAtra AdhAra zAyada yahI rahA hai ki ve veda vacanoM meM vizvAsa nahIM krte| yadi veda-vacanoM meM vizvAsa nahIM karane ke AdhAra para hI cArvAka, jaina aura bauddha ko nAstika kahA jAtA hai, taba yahI mAnanA cAhie, jo
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________________ bhAratIya darzana ke sAmAnya siddhAnta yA vyakti cArvAka-granthoM meM, jaina-AgamoM meM aura bauddha-piTakoM meM vizvAsa nahIM karate, ve bhI nAstika hI haiN| isa prakAra bhArata kA koI bhI darzana Astika nahIM rhegaa| yadi yaha kahA jAe ki Izvara ko svIkAra nahIM karatA vaha nAstika hai, aura isa dRSTi se cArvAka, jaina aura bauddha nAstika kahe jAte haiM / taba isakA artha yaha hogA, ki sAMkhya aura yoga tathA vaizeSika darzana bhI nAstika paramparA meM parigaNita hoMge / kyoMki ye bhI Izvara ko svIkAra nahIM karate / vedoM kA sabase prabala samarthaka mImAMsA-darzana bhI Izvara kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM karatA taba vaha bhI nAstika kahA jaaegaa| ataH Astika aura nAstika ke AdhAra para bhAratIya-darzanoM kA vibhAga karanA yaha eka bhrama paripUrNa dhAraNA hai| vAstava meM bhAratIya-darzanoM kA vibhAga do rUpoM meM honA cAhie-vaidika-darzana aura avaidikadarzana / vaidika-darzanoM meM paDdarzanoM kI parigaNanA ho jAtI hai, aura avaidika-darzanoM meM cArvAka, jaina aura bauddha-darzana A jAte haiN| isa prakAra bhAratIya-darzana-paramparA meM mula meM nava darzana hote haiM--- cArvAka, jaina, bauddha, sAMsya, yoga, vaizeSika, nyAya, mImAMsA aura vedAnta / ye nava darzana bhArata ke mUla darzana haiM / kucha vidvAnoM ne yaha bhI kahA hai, ki avaidika-darzana bhI SaD haiM--cArvAka, jaina, sautrAntika, vaibhASika, yogAcAra aura mAdhyamika / isa prakAra vaidika-paramparA ke darzana bhI chaha haiM, aura avaidika-darNana bhI chaha hote haiM / isa prakAra bhArata ke mUla darzana dvAdaza ho jAte haiN| nyAya aura vaizeSika-darzana meM kucha saiddhAntika bheda hote hue bhI prakRti, AtmA aura Izvara ke viSaya meM donoM ke mata samAna hai| kAlakrama se inakA ekIbhAva ho gayA aura aba inakA sampradAya nyAya-vaizeSika kahA jAtA hai| sAMkhya aura yoga kI bhI prakRti aura puruSa ke viSaya meM eka hI dhAraNA hai / yadyapi sAMkhya nirIzvaravAdI hai, aura yoga IzvaravAdI hai| ataH kabhI-kabhI inako eka sAtha sAMkhya-yoga kaha diyA jAtA hai / mImAMsA ke do sampradAya haiM jinameM se eka ke pravartaka AcArya kumArila bhaTTa haiM, aura dusare ke AcArya prbhaakr| inako kramazaH bhaTTa sampradAya aura prabhAkara sampradAya kahA jAtA hai / vedAnta ke bhI do mukhya sampradAya haiM jinameM se eka ke pravartaka AcArya zaMkara haiM aura dUsare ke AcArya rAmAnuja / zaMkara kA siddhAnta advaitavAda athavA kevalAdvaitavAda ke nAma se | vikhyAta hai, aura rAmAnuja kA viziSTAdvaitavAda ke nAma se / vedAnta ke kucha anya choTe-choTe sampradAya bhI haiN| una sabhI kA samAveza bhaktivAdI-darzana meM kiyA jA sakatA hai / vedAntaparamparA ke darzanoM meM mImAMsA-darzana ko pUrva-mImAMsA aura vedAnta-darzana ko uttara-mImAMsA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra ina vibhAgoM meM vaidika-paramparA ke sabhI sampradAyoM kA samAveza AsAnI se kiyA jA sakatA hai| bauddha-darzana parivartanavAdI darzana rahA hai| vaha parivartana athavA anityatA meM vizvAsa karatA hai, nityatA ko vaha satya svIkAra nahIM krtaa| bauddhoM ke aneka sampradAya haiM-unake vaibhASika aura sautrAntika sarvAstivAdI haiN| inheM bAhyArthavAdI bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / kyoMki ye donoM sampradAya samasta bAhya vastuoM ko satya mAnate haiN| vaibhASika bAhya pratyakSavAdI haiN| inakA mata yaha hai ki bAhya vastu kSaNika haiM, aura unakA pratyakSa jJAna hotA hai / sautrAntika bAhyAnumeyavAdI haiN| inakA mata yaha hai, ki bAhya padArtha jo kSaNika haiM, pratyakSagamya nahIM haiM, balki mana meM unakI jo cetanA utpanna hotI hai, usase unakA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| yogAcAra sampradAya vijJAnavAdI hai| isakA mata yaha hai ki samasta bAhya vastu mithyA haiM, aura citta meM jo ki vijJAna santAna mAtra hai, vijJAna utpanna hote haiM, jo nirAvalambana haiN| yogAcAra Alaya-vijJAnavAdI haiN| mAdhyamika sampradAya kA mata yaha hai ki na bAhya vastuoM kI sattA hai, aura na Antarika vijJAnoM kI / ye donoM hI saMvRti mAtra haiM / tattva AcAryapravaAbhanaAcAryapravabhinaya AnandA andhAzrIAnandana
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________________ ApApravara abhimA abhina 232 dharma aura darzana niHsvabhAva hai, anirvAcya hai, aura ajJeya hai| kucha bauddha vidvAna kevala nirapekSa caitanya ko hI satya mAnate haiN| jaina-darzana mUla meM dvaitavAdI darzana haiN| vaha jIva kI sattA ko bhI svIkAra karatA hai, aura jIva se bhinna pudgala kI sattA ko bhI satya svIkAra karatA hai| jaina-darzana IzvaravAdI-darzana nahIM hai / jainoM ke cAra sampradAya haiM-zvetAmbara, digambara, sthAnakavAsI aura teraapNthii| ina cAroM sampradAyoM meM mUla tattva ke sambandha meM kisI bhI prakAra kA matabheda nahIM hai / tattva sambandhI athavA dArzanika kisI prakAra kA matabheda ina cAroM sampradAyoM meM nahIM rahA, parantu AcAra-pakSa ko lekara ina cAroM meM kucha vicAra bheda rahA hai| vAstava meM ahiMsA aura aparigraha kI vyAkhyA meM matabheda hone ke kAraNa hI ye cAroM sampradAya astitva meM Ae haiM, kintu tAttvika dRSTi se inameM Aja taka bhI kisI prakAra kA bheda nahIM rahA / cArvAkoM meM bhI aneka sampradAya rahe the-jaise cAra bhUtavAdI aura pAMca bhUtavAdI / isa prakAra bhArata ke dArzanika-sampradAya apanI-apanI paddhati se bhAratIya-darzana zAstra kA vikAsa karate rahe haiN| bhAratIya-darzanoM ke sAmAnya siddhAnta bhAratIya-darzanoM ke sAmAnya siddhAntoM meMmukhya rUpa se cAra haiM-AtmavAda, karmavAda, paralokavAda aura mokSavAda / ina cAroM vicAroM meM bhAratIya-darzana ke sabhI sAmAnya siddhAnta samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| jo AtmavAda meM vizvAsa rakhatA hai, use karmavAda meM bhI vizvAsa rakhanA hI hogA aura jo karmavAda ko svIkAra karatA hai, use paralokavAda bhI svIkAra karanA hI hogA aura jo paralokavAda ko svIkAra kara letA hai use svarga aura mokSa para bhI vizvAsa karanA hI hotA hai| isa prakAra bhAratIya-darzanoM ke sarva-sAmAnya siddhAnta athavA sarvamAnya siddhAnta ye cAra hI rahe haiM / ina cAroM ke atirikta anya koI aisA vicAra nahIM hai, jo ina cAroM meM nahIM A jAtA ho / phira bhI yadi hama pramANa-mImAMsA ko leM, to vaha bhI bhAratIya-darzana kA eka avibhAjya aMga rahI hai| pratyeka darzana kI zAkhA ne pramANa kI vyAkhyA kI hai, aura usake bheda evaM upabhedoM kI vicAraNA kI hai| phira AcAra-zAstra ko bhI yadi liyA jAe to pratyeka bhAratIya-darzana kI zAkhA kA apanA eka AcAra-zAstra bhI rahA hai / isa AcAra-zAstra ko hama usa darzana kA sAdhanApakSa bhI kaha sakate haiN| pratyeka darzana-paramparA apanI paddhati se apane dvArA pratipAdita tattva-jJAna ko jaba jIvana meM utArane kA prayatna karatI hai taba use sAdhanA kahA jAtA hai / yaha sAdhanA-pakSa bhI pratyeka bhAratIyadarzana kA eka abhinna aMga rahA hai| duHkha-nivRtti aura sukha kI prApti yaha bhI pratyeka darzana kA apanA eka viziSTa dhyeya rahA hai| yaha svAbhAvika hai ki manuSya ko apane vartamAna jIvana se asantoSa ho / jIvana meM pratIta hone vAle pratikUla bhAva, duHkha evaM klezoM se vyAkula hokara manuSya unase chuTakArA prApta karane kI bAta soce, yaha svAbhAvika hai| bhArata ke pratyeka darzana ne phira bhale hI vaha kisI bhI paramparA kA kyoM na rahA ho, vartamAna jIvana ko dukhamaya evaM klezamaya mAnA hai| isakA artha yahI hotA hai ki jIvana meM jo kucha duHkha aura kleza hai, use dUra karane kA prayatna kiyA jaae| kyoMki duHkhanivRtti aura sukhaprApti pratyeka AtmA kA svAbhAvika adhikAra hai / bhArata ke isa dRSTikoNa ko lekara pAzcAtya-dArzanikoM ne ise nirAzAvAdI athavA palAyanavAdI kahA hai| parantu una logoM kA kathana na tarka-saMgata hai, aura na bhAratIya-darzana kI maryAdA ke anukUla hii| bhAratIya-darzana meM tyAga aura vairAgya kI jo carcA kI gaI hai, usakA artha jIvana se parAGmukha bananA nahIM hai, balki vartamAna jIvana ke asantoSa ke kAraNa citta meM jo eka vyAkulatA
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________________ bhAratIya darzana ke sAmAnya siddhAnta 233 PO rahatI hai, use dUra karane ke lie hI bhAratIya-dArzanikoM ne tyAga aura vairAgya kI bAta kahI hai| yaha duHkhavAdI vicAradhArA bauddha-darzana meM atirekavAdI bana gaI hai| ise kisI aMza meM svIkAra karanA hI hogaa| jaina-darzana bhI isa duHkhavAdI paramparA meM sammilita rahA hai| sAMkhya-darzana ke prArambha meM hI isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki tIna prakAra ke duHkha se vyAkula yaha AtmA sukha aura zAnti kI khoja karanA cAhatA hai| isa prakAra bhAratIya-darzanoM meM duHkhavAdI vicAradhArA rahI hai, isa satya se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / eka mAtra sukha kA anusandhAna hI usakA mukhya uddezya rahA hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM AtmavAda bhArata ke sabhI darzana AtmA ke astitva meM vizvAsa karate haiN| nyAya aura vaizeSika AtmA ko eka avinazvara aura nitya padArtha mAnate haiM / icchA, dveSa, prayatna, sukha, duHkha aura jJAna ko usake vizeSa guNa mAnate haiM / AtmA jJAtA- kartA aura bhoktA hai| jJAna, anubhUti aura saMkalpa AtmA ke dharma haiM / caitanya AtmA kA svarUpa hai| mImAMsA-darzana kA bhI mata yahI hai / mImAMsA-darzana AtmA ko nitya aura vibhu mAnatA hai| aura caitanya ko usakA Agantuka dharma mAnatA hai| svapna rahita nidrA tathA mokSa kI avasthA meM AtmA caitanya guNa se rahita hotA hai| sAMkhya-darzana meM puruSa ko nitya, vibhu aura caitanya svarUpa mAnA gayA hai / isa darzana ke anusAra caitanya AtmA kA Agantuka dharma nahIM hai / puruSa akartA hai, vaha sukha-duHkha kI anubhUtiyoM se rahita hai / buddhi kartA hai, aura sukha tathA duHkha ke guNoM se yukta hai| buddhi prakRti kA pariNAma hai aura prakRti nirantara kriyAzIla hai| isake viparIta puruSa zuddha caitanya svarUpa hai| __ advaita vedAnta AtmA ko vizuddha sat, cit aura Ananda svarUpa mAnatA hai / sAMkhya aneka puruSoM ko mAnatA hai, lekina Izvara ko nahIM mAnatA / advaita kevala eka hI AtmA ko satya mAnatA hai| cArvAka-darzana AtmA kI sattA ko nahIM maantaa| vaha caitanya viziSTa zarIra ko hI AtmA kahatA hai| bauddha-darzana AtmA ko jJAna, anubhUti aura saMkalpoM kI eka kSaNa meM parivartana hone vAlI santAna mAnatA hai| isake viparIta jaina-darzana AtmA ko nitya, ajara aura amara svIkAra karatA hai| jJAna AtmA kA viziSTa guNa hai / guNa aura guNI meM kathaMcit bheda aura kathaMcit abheda rahatA hai / jaina-darzana mAnatA hai ki AtmA svabhAvataH ananta-jJAna, ananta-darzana, ananta-sukha aura ananta-zakti se yukta hai| isa dRSTi se pratyeka bhAratIya-darzana AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra karatA hai, aura usakI apane DhaMga se vyAkhyA karatA hai| bhAratIya-darzanoM meM karmavAda karmavAda yaha mAratIya-darzana kA eka viziSTa siddhAnta mAnA jAtA hai| bhArata ke pratyeka darzana kI zAkhA ne isa karmavAda ke siddhAnta para bhI gambhIra vicAra kiyA hai| jIvana meM jo sukha aura duHkha kI anubhUti hotI hai, usakA koI AdhAra avazya honA caahie| isakA AdhAra eka mAtra karmavAda hI ho sakatA hai| isa saMsAra meM jo vicitratA aura vividhatA kA darzana hotA hai, usakA AdhAra pratyeka vyakti kA apanA karma hI hotA hai| karmavAda ke sambandha meM jitanA gaMbhIra aura vistRta vivecana jaina-paramparA ke graMthoM meM upalabdha hai, utanA anyatra upalabdha nahIM hai| eka cArvAkadarzana ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI bhAratIya-darzana karmavAda ke niyama meM AsthA evaM vizvAsa rakhate haiN| 2 aamanardanamananews MAAma MASUAAJA HI samAcAryapravaraAna prAAnanda AdhAADandA anya www NNAwnoarnewmarnew
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________________ AcArya prada abhinandana AAnanda antha AyAyapravara abhinaMdana zrI AnandAya 234 dharma aura darzana karma kA niyama naitikatA ke kSetra meM kAma karane vAlA kAraNa niyama hI hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki zubha karma kA phala anivAryataH sukha hotA hai, aura azubha karma kA phala anivAryataH azubha evaM duHkha hotA hai / acchA kAma AtmA meM puNya utpanna karatA hai, jo ki sukha bhoga kA kAraNa banatA hai burA kAma AtmA meM pApa utpanna karatA hai jo ki duHkha bhoga kA kAraNa banatA hai| sukha aura duHkha kramaza: zubha aura azubha karmoM ke anivArya phala haiN| isa naitika niyama kI pakar3a se koI bhI chUTa nahIM sktaa| zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra ke karma sUkSma saMskAra chor3a jAte haiM, jo nizcaya hI bhAvI sukha-duHkha ke kAraNa banate haiM / ve avazya hI samaya Ane para apane phala ko utpanna karate haiM / ina phaloM kA bhoga isa janma meM athavA bhaviSya meM kiyA jAtA hai, athavA AgAmI janmoM meM kiyA jAtA hai| karma ke niyama ke kAraNa hI AtmA ko isa saMsAra meM janma aura maraNa karanA par3atA hai / janma aura maraNa kA kAraNa karma hI hai / 1 karma ke niyama kA bIja rUpa sarva prathama Rgveda kI RtadhArA meM upalabdha hotA hai / Rta kA artha hai-jagata kI vyavasthA evaM niyama prakRti kI pratyeka ghaTanA apane niyama ke anusAra hI hotI hai| prakRti ke ye niyama hI Rta haiN| Age calakara Rta kI dhAraNA meM manuSya ke naitika niyamoM kI vyavasthA kA bhI samAveza ho gayA thaa| upaniSadoM meM bhI isa prakAra ke vicAra hameM bIja rUpa meM athavA sUkSma rUpa meM upalabdha hote haiM / kucha upaniSadoM meM to karma ke niyama kI naitika niyama ke rUpa meM spaSTa dhAraNA kI hai / manuSya jaisA botA hai, vaisA hI kATatA hai| acche-bure karmoM kA phala acchebure rUpa meM milatA hai| zubha rUmoM se acchA caritra banatA hai, aura azubha karmoM se buraa| phira acche caritra se acchA janma milatA hai aura bure caritra se burA upaniSadoM meM kahA gayA hai ki manuSya zubha karma karane se dhArmika banatA hai, aura azubha karma karane se pApAtmA banatA hai| saMsAra janma aura mRtyu kA eka ananta cakra hai / manuSya acche kAma karake acchA janma pA sakatA hai, aura anta meM bheda - vijJAna ke dvArA saMsAra se mukta bhI ho sakatA hai| jaina Agama meM karmavAda ke zAzvata niyamoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai bauddha darzana meM (bauddha piTakoM meM bhI karmavAda kI mAnyatA spaSTa rUpa se najara AtI hai| ataH bauddha darzana bhI karmavAdI darzana rahA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhyayoga, mImAMsA aura vedAnta darzana meM karma ke niyama meM AsthA vyakta kI gaI hai| ina darzanoM kA vizvAsa hai ki acche athavA bure kAma adRSTa ko utpanna karate haiM, jisakA vipAka hone meM kucha samaya lagatA hai| usake bAda usa vyakti ko sukha yA duHkha bhoganA par3atA hai| karma kA phala kucha to isI jIvana meM aura kucha agale jIvana meN| lekina karma ke phala se kabhI bacA nahIM jA sktaa| bhautika vyavasthA para kAraNa niyama kA zAsana hai aura naitika vyavasthA para karma ke niyama kA zAsana rahatA hai / parantu mautika vyavasthA bhI naitika vyavasthA ke hI uddezya kI pUrti karatI hai| isa prakAra yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki bhAratIya darzanoM kI pratyeka zAkhA ne karmavAda ke niyamoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai, aura usakI paribhASA evaM syAmyA bhI apanI-apanI paddhati se kI hai| bhAratIya darzanoM meM paralokavAda jaba bhAratIya darzanoM meM AtmA ko amara mAna liyA gayA, aura saMsArI avasthA meM usameM sukha evaM duHkha mAna liyA gayA, taba yaha Avazyaka ho jAtA hai, ki sukha aura duHkha ko mUla AdhAra bhI mAnA jAe aura vaha mUla AdhAra karmavAda ke rUpa meM bhAratIya darzana ne svIkAra kiyaa| varta mAna jIvana meM AtmA kisa rUpa meM rahatA hai? aura usakI sthiti kyA hotI hai, isa samasyA meM se hI paralokavAda kA janma huA / paralokavAda ko janmAntaravAda bhI kahA jAtA hai| eka cArvAkadarzana ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM kA paralokavAda --- yaha eka sarvamAnya siddhAnta hai /
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________________ bhAratIya darzana ke sAmAnya siddhAnta 235 paralokavAda athavA janmAntaravAda karmavAda ke siddhAnta kA phalita rUpa haiN| karma kA siddhAnta yaha mAMga karatA hai ki zubha karmoM kA zubha phala mile aura azubha karmoM kA azubha phala mile| lekina sabhI karmoM kA phala isI janma meM milanA saMbhava nahIM hai| ataH karmaphala ko bhogane ke lie dUsarA jIvana yA janma Avazyaka hai| bhAratIya-darzana ke anusAra yaha saMsAra janma aura maraNa kI anAdi zRMkhalA hai / isa janmamaraNa kA kAraNa kyA hai ? isa prazna ke uttara meM sAMkhya-darzana meM kahA gayA hai ki prakRti aura puruSa kA bheda-jJAna na honA hI isakA kAraNa hai| nyAya aura vaizeSika-darzana meM kahA gayA ki janma aura maraNa kA kAraNa jIva kA ajJAna hI hai / vedAnta-darzana meM kahA gayA ki avidyA athavA mAyA hI isakA mukhya kAraNa hai| bauddha-darzana meM kahA gayA, ki vAsanA ke kAraNa hI janma-maraNa hotA hai| jaina-darzana meM kahA gayA ki karma-baddha saMsArI AtmA kA jo bAra-bAra janma-maraNa hotA hai, usake pA~ca kAraNa haiM.-1. mithyAtva-bhAva, 2. avirati, 3. pramAda, 4. kaSAya tathA 5. zubha aura azubha yoga / sAmAnya bhASA meM jaba tattva-jJAna se ajJAna kA nAza ho jAtA hai taba saMsAra kA bhI anta A jAtA hai| bhAratIya-darzanoM meM bhI kahA gayA hai, ki saMsAra eka bandhana hai, isa bandhana kA Atyantika nAza AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa-mokSa-se hI hotA hai| bandhana kA kAraNa ajJAna hai aura isIse saMsAra kI utpatti hotI hai| isake kAraNa mokSa kA kAraNa tattva-jJAna hai| tattva-jJAna ke ho jAne para saMsAra kA bhI anta ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra tattva-jJAna aura usakA viparIta bhAva ajJAna, avidyA, mAyA, vAsanA aura karma ko mAnA gayA hai| janmAntara, bhavAntara, punarjanma aura paraloka kA artha hai-mRtyu ke bAda AtmA kA dUsarA zarIra dhAraNa krnaa| cArvAka-darzana ne yaha mAnA thA ki zarIra ke vinAza ke sAtha cetana-zakti kA bhI vinAza ho jAtA hai| parantu AtmA kI amaratA meM vizvAsa karane vAle dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki zarIra ke nAza hone se AtmA kA nAza nahIM hotaa| isa vartamAna zarIra ke naSTa hone para bhI AtmA banA rahatA hai, aura pUrvakRtakarmoM kA phala bhogane ke lie AtmA ko dUsarA janma dhAraNa karanA par3atA hai| dUsarA janma grahaNa karanA hI punarjanma kahA jAtA hai| pazu, pakSI, manuSya, deva aura nAraka Adi aneka prakAra ke janma grahaNa karanA yaha saMsArI AtmA kA Avazyaka pariNAma hai| AtmA aneka janma tabhI grahaNa kara sakatA hai jaba vaha nitya aura avicchinna ho| sabhI Astikadarzana AtmA kI nityatA ko svIkAra karate haiN| cArvAka-darzana zarIra, prANa athavA mana se bhinna AtmA jaisI nitya vastu ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| ataH usake mata meM janmAntara athavA punarjanma jaisI vastu mAnya nahIM hai| bauddha-dArzanika AtmA ko kSaNika vijJAnoM kI eka santati mAtra mAnate haiN| unake anusAra AtmA kSaNa-kSaNa meM badalatA hai| jo AtmA pUrva kSaNa meM thA, vaha uttara kSaNa meM nahIM rhtaa| isa prakAra nadI ke pravAha ke samAna ve citta-santati ke pravAha ko svIkAra karate haiM aura kahate haiM ki AtmA kI santati nitya pravahamAna rahatI hai| isa prakAra kSaNikatA ko svIkAra karane para bhI ve janmAntara aura punarjanma ko bhI svIkAra karate haiN| unakI mAnyatA ke anusAra eka vijJAna santAna kA antima vijJAna sabhI pUrva vijJAnoM kI vAsanAoM ko AtmasAt karatA hai, aura eka nayA zarIra dhAraNa kara letA hai| bauddha pata ke anusAra vAsanA ko saMskAra bhI kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra bauddhadArzanika AtmA kI nityatA to nahIM mAnate, lekina vijJAna-santAna kI avicchannatA ko avazya hI svIkAra karate haiN| jaina-dArzanika AtmA ko kevala nitya nahIM, pariNAmI-nitya mAnate haiN| AtmA dravyadRSTi ApApraaa AcArya Ajama YG zrAAnandagrantha zrAAnandagrantha OM arenmonaarinaamanarmadanaanindravinAmAhmarnatrinamainamaraGwADRI ranwwwwwverharwwwwvvviews
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________________ AAJAananamaARAVAAAAAAdam a narsindan. Ata..' sAabhApravara abhinaya prAAnandagrantha zrAAnandA anya 236 dharma aura darzana se nitya hai, aura paryAyadRSTi se anitya / kyoMki paryAya pratikSaNa badalatA rahatA hai| isa badalane para bhI dravya kA dravyatva kabhI naSTa nahIM hotaa| jaina-dArzanika punarjanma ko svIkAra karate haiN| kyoMki pratyeka AtmA apane karmoM ke anusAra aneka gati evaM yoniyoM ko prApta hotI rahatI hai| jaisekoI eka AtmA jo Aja manuSya zarIra meM hai, bhaviSya meM vaha apane zubha yA azubha karmoM ke anusAra deva aura nAraka bhI bana sakatA hai| eka janma ke bAda dUsare janma ko dhAraNa karanA isI ko janmAntara yA bhavAntara kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra samasta bhAratIya-dArzanika paramparAe~ punarjanma ko svIkAra karatI haiN| bhAratIya-darzana meM mokSa evaM nirvANa Astika-dArzanikoM ke sAmane yaha prazna upasthita haA ki kyA kabhI AtmA kI isa prakAra kI bhI sthiti hogI ki usakA punarjanma athavA janmAntara miTa jAe? isa prakAra ke uttara meM unakA kahanA hai ki mokSa, mukti athavA nirvANa hI vaha sthiti hai, jahAM pahuMcakara AtmA kA janmAntara yA punarjanma miTa jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai, ki AtmA kI amaratA meM AsthA rakhane vAle Astika darzanoM ne mokSa kI sthiti ko eka svara se svIkAra kiyA hai| cArvAka-darzana kA kahanA hai. ki maraNa hI apavarga athavA mokSa hai| mokSa kA siddhAnta sabhI bhAratIya-darzanoM ko mAnya hai| bhautikavAdI hone ke kAraNa eka cArvAka hI usako svIkAra nahIM krtaa| kyoMki vaha AtmA kI zarIra se bhinna sattA nahIM mAnatA / ataH usake darzana meM AtmA ke mokSa kA prazna nahIM utthtaa| cArvAka kI dRSTi meM isa jIvana meM athavA isI loka meM sukha bhoga karanA mokSa hai| isase bhinna isa prakAra ke mokSa kI kalpanA vaha nahIM kara sakatA, jisameM AtmA eka lokAtIta avasthA ko prApta ho jAtA hai| bauddha-darzana meM AtmA kI isa lokAtIta avasthA ko mokSa na kahakara nirvANa kahA gayA hai| yadyapi nirvANa zabda jaina-granthoM evaM jaina-AgamoM meM bhI bahulatA se upalabdha hotA hai, phira bhI isa kA prayoga bauddha-darzana meM hI adhika rur3ha hai| bauddha-darzana ke anusAra nirvANa zabda saba duHkhoM ke Atyantika uccheda kI avasthA ko abhivyakta karatA hai| nirvANa zabda kA artha hai-bujha jaanaa| lekina isase yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki nirvANa meM AtmA kA Atyantika vinAza ho jAtA hai| bauddha-darzana ke anusAra isameM Atyantika vinAza to avazya hotA hai lekina duHkha kA hotA hai, na ki Atma-santati kaa| kucha bauddha-dArzanika nirvANa ko vizuddha Ananda kI avasthA mAnate haiN| isa prakAra bauddha-darzana kSaNikavAdI hokara bhI janmAntara aura nirvANa ko svIkAra karatA hai| jaina-dArzanika prArambha se hI mokSavAdI rahe haiN| ananta-darzana, ananta-jJAna, anantasukha aura ananta-zakti kA prakaTa honA hI mokSa hai| AtmA apanI vizuddha avasthA ko taba prApta karatA hai, jabaki vaha samyak-darzana (zraddhA) samyak-jJAna, aura samyak-cAritra kI sAdhanA ke dvArA karma-pudagala ke AvaraNa ko sarvathA naSTa kara detA hai| jaina-paramparA ke mahAn adhyAtmavAdI AcArya kundakunda ne apane samayasAra grantha meM AtmA ke svarUpa kA varNana karate hue kahA hai-"eka vyakti lambe samaya se kArAgRha meM par3A ho, aura apane bandhana kI tIvratA evaM mandatA ko tathA bandhana ke kAla ko bhalI-bhAMti samajhatA ho, parantu jaba taka vaha apane bandhana ke vaza hokara usakA chedana karane kA prayatna nahIM karatA, taba taka lambA samaya vyatIta ho jAne para bhI vaha chUTa nahIM sktaa| isI prakAra koI manuSya apane karmabandha kA pradeza, sthiti, prakRti aura anubhAga ko bhalI-bhAMti samajhatA ho, to bhI itane mAtra se vaha karma-bandhana se mukta-unmukta nahIM ho sktaa| vahI AtmA yadi rAga evaM dveSa Adi ko haTAkara vizuddha ho jAe, taba mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai / bandhana kA vicAra Nrn Urr
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________________ bhAratIya darzana ke sAmAnya siddhAnta 237 karane mAtra se bandhana se chuTakArA nahIM milatA hai chuTakArA pAne ke lie bandha ko, aura AtmA ke svabhAva ko bhalI-bhA~ti samajhakara bandhana se virakta honA cAhie / jIva aura bandha ke alagaalaga lakSaNa samajhakara prajJA rUpI churI se unheM alaga karanA cAhie, tabhI bandhana se chUTatA hai / bandha ko cheda kara kyA karanA caahie| Atma-svarUpa meM sthita honA caahie| AtmasvarUpa ko kisa prakAra grahaNa karanA cAhie ? isa ke uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki mumukSu ko AtmA kA isa prakAra vicAra karanA cAhie-- maiM cetana svarUpa hUM, maiM dRSTA hU~, maiM jJAtA hU~, zeSa jo kucha bhI hai, vaha mujhase bhinna hai / zuddha AtmA ko samajhane vAlA vyakti samasta para bhAvoM ko parakIya jAnakara unase alaga ho jAtA hai / yaha para bhAva se alaga ho jAnA hI vAstavika mokSa hai / " isa prakAra jaina darzana meM mokSa ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana meM vizuddha Atma-svarUpa ko prakaTa karane ko hI mokSa kahA gayA hai| saumya darzana mokSa ko prakRti aura puruSa kA viveka mAnatA hai| viveka eka prakAra kA bheda-vijJAna hai| isake viparIta bandha prakRti aura puruSa kA aviveka hai| puruSa nitya aura mukta hai / apane aviveka ke kAraNa yaha prakRti aura usake vikAroM se apanA tAdAtmya mAna letA hai| zarIra indriya, mana, buddhi aura ahaMkAra ye saba prakRti ke vikAra haiM, lekina aviveka ke kAraNa puruSa inheM apanA samajha baiThatA hai| moza puruSa kI svAbhAvika avasthA kI prApti hai bandha eka pratIti mAtra hai, aura isakA kAraNa aviveka hai| yoga darzana mokSa ko AtmA kA kaivalya mAnatA hai| kaivalya AtmA ke prakRti ke jAla se chUTa jAne kI eka avasthA vizeSa hai| AtmA ko isa avasthA kI prApti taba hotI hai, jaba tapa aura saMyama ke dvArA mana se saba karma-saMskAra nikala jAte haiM / sAMkhya aura yoga mokSa meM puruSa kI cinmAtra avasthiti mAnate haiM / isa avasthA meM vaha sukha aura duHkha se sarvathA atIta ho jAtA hai| kyoMki sukha aura duHkha to buddhi kI vRttiyAM mAtra haiN| ina vRttiyoM kA Atyantika abhAva hI sAMkhya aura yoga darzana meM mukti hai| nyAya aura vaizeSika darzana mokSa ko AtmA kI vaha avasthA mAnate haiM, jisameM vaha mana aura zarIra se atyanta vimukta ho jAtA hai, aura sattA mAtra raha jAtA hai / mokSa AtmA kI acetana avasthA hai, kyoMki caitanya to usakA eka Agantuka dharma hai, svarUpa nahIM jaba AtmA kA zarIra aura mana se saMyoga hotA hai tabhI usameM caitanya kA udaya hotA hai| ataH mokSa kI avasthA meM ina se viyoga hone para caitanya bhI calA jAtA hai / mokSa kI prApti tattva-jJAna se hotI hai / yaha duHkha ke Atyantika uccheda kI avasthA hai| mImAMsA darzana meM bhI mokSa ko AtmA kI svAbhAvika avasthA kI prApti mAnA gayA hai, avasthA meM AtmA jisameM sukha aura duHkha kA atyanta vinAza ho jAtA hai| apanI svAbhAvika acetana hotA hai| mokSa duHkha ke Atyantika abhAva kI avasthA hai| anubhUti nahIM hotI AtmA svabhAvataH sukha aura duHkha se atIta hai| zakti to rahatI hai, parantu jJAna nahIM rahatA / lekina isameM Ananda kI mokSa kI avasthA meM jJAna advaita vedAnta mokSa ko jIvAtmA aura brahma ke ekIbhAva kI upalabdhi mAnatA hai kyoMki paramArthataH AtmA brahma hI hai| AtmA vizuddha sat, cit aura AnandasvarUpa hai| bandha mithyA hai / avidyA evaM mAyA hI isakA kAraNa hai / AtmA avidyA ke kAraNa zarIra, indriya, mana, buddhi 1 samayasAra 280-300 AcArya pravara zrI Ananda abhinaMdana AyAya va antha 99 zrI Ananda www.wor Give abhinda antha
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________________ A waaJANWRMANPRAIAAAAJAJARKAAAAAAAJAANJadaiadAJANAADABADASANATASAN AcAryaprakAAcAryaprasA zraIEIGthAAnandamAza 238 dharma aura darzana aura ahaMkAra ke sAtha apanA tAdAtmya kara letA hai, jo ki mAyA nirmita hai / vedAnta-darzana ke anasAra yahI mithyA tAdAtmya bandha kA kAraNa hai| avidyA se AtmA kA bandhana hotA hai, aura vidyA se isa bandhana kI nivRtti hotI hai / mokSa AtmA kI svAbhAvika avasthA hai| yaha na caitanya rahita avasthA hai, aura na duHkhAbhAva mAtra kI avasthA hai, balki sat, cit aura Ananda kI brahma avasthA hai| yahI jIvAtmA ke brahmabhAva kI prApti hai| isa prakAra mokSa kI dhAraNA samasta bhAratIya-darzanoM meM upalabdha hotI hai| vAstava meM mokSa kI prApti dArzanika cintana kA lakSya rahA hai| bhArata ke sabhI darzanoM meM isake svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, aura apanI-apanI paddhati se pratyeka dArzanika ne usakI vyAkhyA kI hai| upasaMhAra bhAratIya darzanoM meM jina tathyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, una saba kA jIvana ke sAtha nikaTa kA sambandha rahA hai| bhAratIya-dArzanikoM ne mAnava jIvana ke samakSa U~ce-se-U~ce Adarza prastuta kie haiN| ve Adarza kevala Adarza hI nahIM rahate, unheM jIvana meM utArane kA prayatna bhI kiyA jAtA hai| isa ke lie vibhinna dArzanikoM ne vibhinna prakAra kI sAdhanAoM kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai| ye sAdhana tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-jJAna-yoga, karma-yoga, aura bhkti-yog| jaina-darzana meM inhIM ko ratna-vaya-samyak-darzana samyak-jJAna aura samyak-cAritra kahA jAtA hai| bauddha-darzana meM inheM prajJA, zIla aura samAdhi kahA hai| ina tInoM kI sAdhanA se pratyeka manuSya apane jIvana meM ucca se uccatara evaM uccatama AdarzoM ko prApta kara sakatA hai / darzana kA sambandha kevala buddhi evaM tarka se hI nahIM, balki hRdaya evaM kriyA se bhI usakA sambandha hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya darzana kI paramparA ke pratyeka dArzanika-sampradAya ne zraddhAna, jJAna aura AcaraNa para bala diyA hai| bhAratIya darzana evaM cintana kevala bauddhika-vilAsa mAtra nahIM hai, apitu vaha jIvana kI vAstavika evaM yathArtha sthiti kA pratipAdana bhI karatA hai / ataH vaha vAstavika artha meM darzana hai| RANIA prAnanda-vacanAmRta Upara kI dikhAvaTa vAstavikatA kI nirNAyaka nahIM hotI, bhaisa dekhane meM kAlI hotI hai kintu usakA dUdha sapheda hotA hai| isI prakAra sajjana purupa-cAhe jaisI mailI vezabhUSA meM hoM, unake hRdaya meM sadA dUdha kI bhAMti snigdhatA bharI rahatI hai| adhyAtma ke patha para calanA nAriyala ke vRkSa para car3hanA hai| nAriyala ke per3a para bar3hate samaya paga-paga para phisalane kA bhaya banA rahatA hai, kintu car3hane vAle abhyAsa dvArA nirvighna car3ha jAte haiN| isI prakAra sAdhaka abhyAsa dvArA apane kaThora sAdhanA patha para nivighna calate hue lakSya taka pahuMca jAte haiN|