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________________ / svaH mohanalAla bAThiyA smRti grantha bhArata ke paTa darzana va unake praNetA - sohanarAja koThArI pUrva nyAyAdhIza zramaNa saMskRti se itara brAhmaNa saMskRti va vaidika dhArA ke svarUpa meM bhArata meM SaTadarzana prakhyAta hai, jinakA adhyayana aneka siddhAnta, mAnyatAoM aura prasthApanAoM ko jAnane kI dRSTi se atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| ataH una darzanoM va unake praNetAoM kA saMkSipta paricaya isa nibandha meM diyA jA rahA hai| (1)nyAya darzana aura usake AcArya gautama nyAya darzana kA AdhAra graMtha hai nyAya sUtra, jisake racayitA maharSi akSapAda gautama haiM, jisameM tarka vidyA yA vAda vidyA ko vyavasthita DhaMga se pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| maharSi gautama kA samaya I. pU. tIsarI sadI mAnA jA sakatA hai| gautama ke pUrva bhI vAda vidyA kisI na kisI svarUpa meM vidyamAna thI va unake bAda bhI isa vidyA para aneka graMtha va TIkAoM kI saMracanA huI hai| nyAyasUtra pAMca adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita hai, jinameM pratyeka adhyAya meM do Ahanika (prati dina ke pATha) haiN| prathama adhyAya ke prathama Ahanika meM nyAya ke solaha pratipAdya viSayoM kI sUcI dI gaI hai yathA pramANa, prameya, saMzaya, prayojana, dRSTAnta siddhAnta, avayava, tarka, nirNaya, vAda, galpa, vitaNDA, hetvAbhAsa, chala, jAti (yalta hetu) aura nigraha sthAna (parAjaya ke sthAna) haiN| iname se nau viSayoM ke prathama Ahanika meM bheda aura lakSaNa batAe gaye haiM, jinakA jJAna vidyA va tarka vidyA meM vizeSa mahatva hai| dUsare Ahanika meM sAta viSayoM ke bheda tathA lakSaNa batAe haiM jinakA sambandha vAda vivAda se hai| dUsare adhyAya ke prathama Ahanika meM saMzaya kI parIkSA ke bAda ina cAra pramANoM kI samIkSA kI gaI hai yathA pratyakSa pramANa, anumAna pramANa, upamAna pramANa aura zabda prmaann| isameM padArtha aura kAla kI bhI parIkSA kI gaI hai| dUsare Ahanika meM anya pramANoM - varNa, pada, padArtha viSayoM kI carcA hai| tIsare adhyAya meM prathama Ahanika meM jJAna ke prathama cAra viSaya AtmA, zarIra, ____ 2010_03
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________________ indriyoM aura artha (indriyoM ke viSaya) kA vivecana hai va dUsare Ahanika meM buddhi aura mana kI samIkSA ke sAtha jIva ke puNya pApa ke kAraNa va viziSTa deha saMyoga para vicAra-vimarza kiyA gayA hai / cauthe adhyAya ke prathama Ahanika meM prakRti, pretyabhAva (punarjanma) karma phala, duHkha aura apavarga (mukti) kI vizada parIkSA ke sAtha sattAoM kI utpatti se saMbaMdhita ATha siddhAntoM kI bhI samIkSA hai| dUsare Ahinaka meM pUrNa padArthoM kI parIkSA ke sAtha paramANuoM kI avibhAjyatA para vicAra, padArtho ke nityatva ke khaNDana kA punarvicAra aura tatvajJAna prApta karane tathA usa jJAna kA saMbardhana karane ke upAya batAe haiN| pAMcaveM adhyAya ke do AhinakoM meM kramazaH jAti aura nigraha sthAna ke bheda aura lakSaNa batAe haiN| maharSi gautama dvArA pratipAdita nyAya sUtra, pakSitasvAmI vAtsyAyana ke nyAya bhASya, udyotakara ke "nyAya vArtika" vAcaspati prathama kI tAtparya TIkA evaM udayana kI "tAtparya parizuddhi" meM vikasita hue haiM aura ye cAroM graMtha "nyAya catugraMthikA " ke nAma se jAne jAte haiN| bAda meM bhI nyAya sUtra para vistRta TIkAeM likhI jAtI rahIM hai / darzana-digdarzana nyAya sUtra meM saMpUrNa vastu jagata kA vizleSaNa na hokara mAtra niHzreyasa kI prApti kA vivecana hai / niHzreyasa meM ucca kI prApti prameya kI sahI jJAna se va nimna kI prApti pramANa Adi se hotI hai, isa dRSTi se nyAya sUtra mokSazAstra ke sAtha dUsare zAstroM ko samajhane kA sAdhana bhI hai| jisame AdhyAtmika aura bauddhika donoM pakSoM para samAna rUpa se vicAra kiyA gayA hai / nyAya sUtra ke viSayoM kA samyaka jJAna hone se mithyAtva kA nAza hotA hai, rAga dveSa, moha se chuTakArA milatA hai, punarjanma se mukti milatI hai, samasta duHkhoM kA anta ho jAtA hai aura apavarga kI prApti hotI hai| maharSi gautama ke anusAra jJAna ke cAra srota haiM - pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura zabda indriya aura viSaya ke saMyoga se utpanna abhinna jJAna pratyakSa hai| anumAna pUrvavata, zeSavata aura sAbhAnyatodRSTa ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai / jJAta vastu se ajJAta ko siddha karanA upamAna va Apta purUSa ke upadeza ko zabda pramANa kahate haiM / nyAya zAstra meM bAraha prameya AtmA, zarIra, indriya, artha, buddhi, mana, pravRtti, doSa pratyabhAva, phala, duHkha, apavarga mAne gae hai jinameM prathama aura antima prameya vizeSa mahatva ke hai / AtmA ke cinha icchA, dveSa, prayatna, sukha duHkha aura jJAna haiM va indriyoM (ghrANa, rasanA, cakSu, tvacA aura srota) va usake viSaya gaMdha, rasa, rUpa, sparza, zabda kA Azrayasthala zarIra hai| 2010_03 2612
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________________ / sva: mohanalAla bAThiyA smRti grantha nyAya ke pAMca avayava pratijJA, hetu, udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana mAne gae haiN| akSapAda gautama ke nyAya sUtra ne bhAratIya darzanoM kI sabhI zAkhAoM ko prabhAvita kiyA hai aura apane mata ko siddha karane meM nyAya ko sAmAnyataH prayoga meM saba zAkhAoM ne liyA hai| nyAya sUtra deza ke bAhara bhI pahuMcA, aisA lagatA hai| "rabodeAveStA" (mahala 13) meM vAgpaTu gautama kA ullekha milatA hai| arakAnI lipi meM naye nyAya kI hastalipiyAM milatI hai bauddha nyAya ke sAtha yaha sUtra tibbata va cIna pahuMcA va amerikA va yoropa ke vidvAnoM ne bhI bhAratIya nyAya meM ruci lI va tarka zAstra ko sarvocca kalAva vijJAna meM sthAna diyaa| (2)vaideSika darzana aura AcArya kaNAze AcArya kaNAda anAja ke dharatI para bikhare kaNoM ko khAkara eka tapasvI kA jIvana jIte the| kahA jAtA hai ki bhagavAna ziva se maharSi kaNAda ne sAkSAtkAra kiyA thA aura unakI kRpA va Adeza se vaizeSika zAstra kI racanA kI, jisame veda aura vaidika sAhitya ke aneka ullekha milate haiN| vaizeSika darzana kahalAne vAlA kaNAda kA ekamAtra upalabdha graMtha sUtroM meM hai, jo daza adhyAyoM meM hai| isalie ise "dazalakSaNI" bhI kahate hai| pratyeka adhyAya meM do Ahinaka haiM para aisA lagatA hai ki mUla sUtroM meM kAlAntara meM bahuta parivartana parivarddhana kiyA gayA hai| prathama adhyAya meM una sabhI pratipAdya viSayoM ke koTiyoM kI carcA hai, jo padArthoM meM nihita rahate haiM (pdaarth-kthn)| pahale Ahinaka meM padAthoM ke jAtitva tathA sAmAnya guNoM kI carcA hai to dUsare meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI samIkSA hai| dUsare adhyAya meM paMcabhUtoM (bhautika tatvoM) va dizA aura kAla kA vivecana hai| tIsare adhyAya ke pahale aura dUsare Ahinaka meM kramazaH AtmA aura mana kA vivecana hai| cauthe adhyAya meM bhautika zarIra aura usake sahakAriyoM (tata apayogitR) kI va zarIra kI carcA hai| pAMcaveM adhyAya meM zArIrika va mAnasika karmoM kA,chaThe adhyAya meM baidika dharma, dAnadharma aura Azrama dharma kA sAtaveM adhyAya meM guNa, samavAya, nirapekSa va sApekSa guNoM kA vivecana hai| AThaveM adhyAya meM nirvikalpa va savikalpa pratyakSa pramANa kA, nauveM adhyAya meM padAthoM ke abhijJAna evaM dazaveM adhyAya meM anumAna aura usake bhedo kA savistAra varNana hai / ___ maharSi kaNAda ke anusAra bhautika jagata kI parokSa sattA jJAtA se nirapekSa va svataMtra hai| jJAtA ko jJAna ho yA na ho, vAstavika jagata ke padAthoM kA astitva banA rahatA hai| vaizeyikoM ke anusAra padAthoM meM dravya tatva vaha hai jisameM guNa va karma hote hai aura jo 2010_03
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________________ pariNAma kA upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai / kaNAda ne nau dravya tatva pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu, AkAza, kAla, dizA, AtmA aura mana mAne haiM, jinameM prathama cAra nitya aura avibhAjya kaNoM se milakara bane haiN| mana aneka, nitya, sUkSma pariNAma vAlA tatva hai va AkAza, kAla, dizA aura AtmAtatva sarvavyApI aura nitya hai jinameM AtmA aneka hai, para zeSa aneka nahIM hai| AtmAbaMdhana meM bhI ho sakatI hai aura mukta bhI / mukta AtmA sukha duHkha bodha jaise Saka guNoM se bhI mukta hotI hai / dravya tatva meM guNa sadA nihita rahate haiM jinameM guNoM kI saMkhyA satraha hai - rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza, saMkhyA, pariNAma, pRthakatva, saMyoga, vibhAga, paratva, aparatva, buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa aura prayatna / karma guNarahita hotA hai jo eka se adhika vastu meM nihita nahIM rahatA / karma kevala dravya ke sAtha hI rahatA hai aura yaha saMyoga aura vibhAga kA svataMtra kAraNa hotA hai / karma ke pAMca bheda haiM- utprakSaNa (Upara kI ora gati) apakSepaNa (nIce kI aura gati ), AkuMcana, prasAraNa aura gamana / samAvezana aura apavarjana kI dRSTi se sAmAnya aura vizeSa, vyApti aura vyatireka nAmaka do sApekSa koTi haiN| Adheya aura AdhAra ke kArya kAraNAtmaka nitya sambandha ko samavAya kahate haiN| kaNAda ke graMtha kA nAma vaiseSika darzana diyA gayA hai, jisakA artha hai, zreSTha, zreSThatara, viziSTa aura dUsaroM se bhinn| maharSi kaNAda ne vastuoM ko samajhane va samajhAne ke lie unakA vizleSaNa samatA va viSamatA ke AdhAra paraka spaSTa vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA kyoMki unakI mAnyatA thI ki nizraMyasa aura abhyudaya kI siddhi ke lie dRSTa aura adRSTa kI vyAkhyA va bhinnatA batAnA va jAnanA Avazyaka hai| vaizeSikoM kA mAnanA hai ki kAraNa dvArA nirmANa kie jAne ke pUrva kArya kA astitva nahIM ho sakatA / yaha siddhAnta sAMkhya mata ke satkAryavAda ke sarvathA viparIta hai / kaNAda ke bahuta se siddhAnta galata siddha hone para bhI yaha to mAnanA par3egA ki satya aura dharma kA vaijJAnika vivecana karane vAloM meM kaNAda saMsAra ke mahAna vicArakoM kI koTi meM Ate hai| sI. bI. ramana jaise prakhyAta vaijJAnikoM ne kaNAda ke prakAza ke guNa dharma vAle siddhAnta kI yathArthatA svIkAra kI hai / kaNAda ke sUtroM kA bhAratIya darzana kI sabhI zAkhAoM ne apane graMthoM meM prayoga kiyA hai| satrahavIM zatAbdI meM roha gupta ( ninhava) ne cairAzika padArtha kI sthApanA kaNAda kI mAnyatA ke anusAra kii| jainAgama nandIsUtra va anuyoga dvAra meM va upAsvAti ke tatvArtha sUtra va anya AcAryo kI racanAoM meM bhI vaizeSika darzana ke aneka ullekha evaM uddharaNa milate haiM / bauddha darzana meM vaizeSikoM ke yathArthavAda kA 2010_03 2638 darzana-digdarzana
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________________ sva: mohanalAla bAMThiyA smRti grantha khUba khaNDana huA hai, para pUrva mImAMsA graMthoM meM usase sAmya prakaTa hotA hai| vaizeSika va nyAya darzana meM kaI bAteM samAna haiM / sAhitya aura cikitsA kI kRtiyoM para bhI veSezika darzana kA prabhAva spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai| prAcIna bhArata meM aura aba bhI saMskRta pAThazAlAoM meM nyAya darzana ke sAtha vaizeSika darzana kA adhyayana karAyA jAtA hai ! (3) sAMkhya darzana aura darzanAcArya kapila svAmI vivekAnanda ke zabdoM meM manovaijJAnika evaM dArzanika jJAna kI paraMparA meM bhAratIya itihAsa meM mahattama nAma kapila kA haiM AcArya kapila kA samaya mahAtmA buddha se pUrva va kama se kama kucha upaniSadoM ke likhe jAne se pUrva kA mAnA jAtA hai / zvetAzvataroupaniSada meM unakA ullekha isa prakAra milatA hai "RSi prasUtaM kapilaM yastamagre jJAne vibhartijJAyamAnaMca pazyeta / " sRSTi ke Adi kAla meM utpanna RSi kapila ke siddhAnta ko jo jAnatA hai use jJAna kIrti milatI hai / bhagavada gItA meM siddha muniyoM meM kapila ko prathama sthAna dene ko kahA hai, "siddhAnAM kapilomuni" / vyAsa kRta yoga bhASya (1-25) va sAMkhya kArikA meM kapila ko vizruta vidvAna va paramarSi batAyA gayA hai / bhAgavata Adi purANa meM kapila ko viSNu ke aMzAvatAra ke rUpa meM darzAyA gayA hai| kapila apane janma ke samaya hI jJAna, taTasthatA va kSamatA se sampanna the va saMsAra ko ajJAnAMdhakAra meM nimagna pAkara unhone atizaya anukaMpA kara sAMkhya darzana kI prasthApanA kii| sAMkhya darzana ke pramukha siddhAntoM ko saMkSepa meM nimna prakAra se prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| maharSi kapila kI zikSA hai ki samasta padArtho kA kSetra vastutaH sAtatya kA eka aisA dRzya hai jo anekatAmaya hone para bhI mUlataH samAyojita ekatA para AdhArita hai / samasta jAgatika padArthoMoM kI mUla prakRti hai jo raMgIna va naisargika suSamAmaya na hokara eka prakAra se avikasita, adRzya va jaganmUlaka avyakta hai| satva, rAjasa aura tAmasa - tIna guNa vastutaH agaNita sakriya tatvoM ke samudAya haiM, jo svayaM ko AMtarika va bAhaya jagata meM sukha-duHkha moha, prakAza pravRtti, niyamana tathA utsAha, gati aura jar3atA ke rUpa meM prakaTa karate haiM / sRSTi ke bhautika va mAnasika donoM svarUpa eka prakRti tatva ke hI do bhinna avasthAeM nizcala ora AvirbhUta, athavA sAmyAvasthA va vaiSamyAvasthA meM rahate haiM / kapila 2010_03 2642
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________________ 888888882 56989 darzana-digdarzana 3505000 ne prabhA arthAta yathArtha jJAna ke sAdhanabhUta tIna pramANa mAne haiM, jisameM dUsare pramANa anumAna dvArA prakRti kI sattA siddha hotI hai| saba padArtha deza kAla kI paridhi ke andara hone ke kAraNa sImAbaddha hai, jisase prakaTa hai ki unakA koI na koI udagama va kAraNa avazya hotA hai| sabhI padArtha sukha, dukha, mohaparaka anubhuti utpanna karane kI kSamatA rakhate haiN| sabhI jar3a cetana padAthoM meM avicchinnaM tAratamya sthApita hai va kArya mUlataH kAraNa meM avyakta rUpa se vidyamAna hai| ise satkAryavAda bhI kahA jAtA hai| bhagavadagItA 2/16 meM isa siddhAnta kA sArAMza isa prakAra diyA gayA hai - "nAsato vidyatebhAvI, nA bhAvo vidyate sataH ubhayokirapi dRSTo stavana mokSatvaparibhiH" arthAta asata kI sattA nahIM hotI - sata kA abhAva nahIM hotaa| tatvadRSTAoM ne sata-asata kA yathArtha svarUpa dekhA hai va AtmasAta kiyA hai| kapila ke anusAra AtmA yA puruSa asaMkhya haiM, saMsAra meM jitane jIva haiM, utane hI puruSa (AtmA) haiM aura isIlie kinhIM do puruSo kA anubhava samAna nahIM hotA va unake jIvana-mRtyu yA sukha duHkha meM samAnatA yA ekAtmatA nahIM hotii| prakRti kI yaha viziSTatA hai ki vaha purUSa ko sAMsArika bhogoM kA anubhava karAtI hai aura parama mukti kI ora bhI prerita karatI hai| puruSa kA jIvana caritra una mAnasika va zArIrika guNoM ke mizrita vikAsa se prAraMbha hotA hai jinake kAraNa vaha zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai| prakRti kI taraha buddhi bhI sAtvika, rAjasa va tAmasa hotI hai| vyaktigata va samaSTigata buddhi (ahaMkAra) meM vyaktigata ahaMkAra yA vikAra mana, pAMca indriyoM va pAMca karmendriyoM kI utpatti kA kAraNa hai va samaSTigata vikAra se paMca tanmAcAroM se prasUta hotI haiN| kapila ne batAyA zarIra dhAraNa kA artha hai ki puruSa baMdhana meM hai, jisase trividha dukhoM kI niSpatti hotI hai para jaba puruSa aura prakRti ke bheda vijJAna ko vyakti samajhakara anubhUta kara letA hai, taba usakI mukti ho jAtI hai| isakA parama rUpa "nAsti naye, nAhama (na to maiM hUM, na merA koI hai, meM kucha hotA hI nahIM)" sUtra hai| karma gati samApta hote hI puruSa svataMtra va nirapekSa dazA ko prApta ho jAtA hai| prakRti kI aSTAdaza vikRtiyoM se nirmita liMga yA sUkSma zarIra mRtyu ke samaya sthUla zarIra kA tyAga kara detA hai| isa sAMkhya vicAra ko sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM meM mAnya 2010_03
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________________ sva: mohanalAla bAThiyA smRti grantha kiyA gayA hai| vijJAna sammata vikAsa vAda bhI karma-kAraNa saMbaMdha ko svIkAra karatA hai| jaina aura bauddha darzana ke kartA ke rUpa meM Izvara ko na mAnane kI dhAraNA bhI sAMkhya darzana se hI mela khAtI hai| puruSa va prakRti kI uddezyapUrva va prayatnagata ekatA ke vinA jagata kA anubhava va apavarga kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI evaM prakRti ke vikAsa kI sArI prakriyA meM puruSa usakA nirdeza karatA hai aura vAstava meM prakRti kI prathama prasUti buddhi hI sAre AvAgamana cakra meM puruSavata vyavahAra karatI hai, yaha siddhAnta sAMkhya jaise prAcIna darzana kI eka Azcaryajanaka upalabdhi mAnI jA sakatI hai| mAnavIya vicAroM ke itihAsa meM isa saiddhAntika avadhAraNA ko pUrva pakSa ke rUpa meM bahuta kama prakaTa kiyA gayA hai aura bahuta hI kama isakA nirNayAtmaka uttarapakSIya samAdhAna itane vilakSaNa va spaSTa rUpa se cAhA yA pAyA gayA hai| (4)yogadarzana va usake praNetA AcArya pataMjali . maharSi pataMjali svayaM yoga darzana yA yoga zAstra ke saMsthApaka nahIM haiM, para purAne samaya se pracalita yoga vidyA ke vividha AyAmI vikAsa ko unhoMne niyamabaddha sUtroM meM guMphita kara vavyasthApita rUpa diyA va yoga zAstra kI racanA kI / ataH yogazAstra ke punasddhAraka ke rUpa meM niHsandeha unakA nAma itihAsa meM amara hai| ve IsA pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI meM hue va 165 sUtroM meM yoga ke siddhAntoM ko vyavahArika vidyA ke rUpa me prastuta kiyA, jisakA uddezya hai mAnava jIvana ko vidhivata prayAsoM se utkRSTa, vikasita evaM paripUrNa bnaanaa| pataMjali dvArA vivecita yoga, jise sAdhAraNatayA rAjayoga kahA jAtA hai, mukhyataH manaH zArIrika hai| vaha mAnava ke mAnasayaMtra ko apanA kAryakSetra cunatA hai aura usakA lakSya hai ki kaThora abhyAsa se usa para itanA niyaMtraNa sthApita ho jAe ki vahAM citta kI vRttiyoM kA kaThoratA se niyamana karake Abhyantara Atmika yathArthatA ke prati use saMvedanazIla banAkara apracchanna puruSa arthAta AtmA ko zuddha svarUpa meM dekhA jA ske| citta ko isa prakAra saMyamita kiyA jAtA hai ki vaha apanI sAmAnya vRttiyoM ko chor3akara AdhyAtmika guNoM ko grahaNa karatA hai, prakRti se apane ko mukta kara letA hai aura apanA prakAza phailAtA hai| pataMjali ke sUtroM meM unhI pariSkRta vidhiyoM kA vivecana hai| yoga zAstra cAra pAdoM meM bAMTA gayA hai| prathama samAdhi pAda meM viSaya kI yojanA va vistAra kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| yoga kyA hai isakA uddezya kyA hai| isakA AraMbha aura 2010_03
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________________ darzana-digdarzana anta kahAM hotA hai| citta meM saMjJAna aura samAdhi kI sthiti kaisI hotI hai| kina vidhiyoM kA vikAsa kara aMtima dhyeya taka pahuMcA jA sakatA hai, Adi praznoM kA vivecana hai| dvitIya sAdhanA pAda meM yoga ke prAyogika pakSa ke siddhAMtoM kA vivecana hai| yoga kI AvazyakatA, upAdeyatA, pragati ke sopAna va vidhivata prayoga Adi viSaya isameM samAhita haiN| tRtIya vibhuti pAda meM pUrvokta prayogoM kI Antarika vidhiyoM va AdhyAtmika evaM aihika siddhiyoM kA varNana hai| caturtha kaivalya pAda meM mana, citta, tRSNA, ahaMbhAva, vAsanA, mokSa kA svarUpa aura jIvAtmA kI usameM sthiti Adi kA vivecana va dArzanika samasyAoM para samIkSA hai| ___ mAnava prakRti ke baMdhana se Abaddha hone ke kAraNa dukhI aura atRpta hai| usake mukti kA anubhava karAnA yoga kA mArga hai, jisake ATha aMga haiN| sarvaprathama isa hetu mAnasika va naitika zuddhi kI AvazyakatA hai jo pAMca yama (saMyama) ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha evaM pAMca niyama - zauca, saMtoSa, tapa, svAdhyAya, Izvara praNidhAna ko aMgIkAra karane se hotI hai| yama, niyama ke sAtha Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, pAMca bahiraMga sAdhanoM va dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi tIna aMtaraMga sAdhanoM se AdamI ahaMkAra, tRSNA, ajJAna ke baMdhanoM se apane ko mukta kara letA hai| eka vastu meM citta kI vRttiyoM ko ekAgra kara abAdhita dhyAna se jaba mana mahattara aura gahanatara cetanA meM badala jAtA hai, taba manuSya apanI samagra cetanA meM ekAkAra ho jAtA hai aura isa samAdhi kI avasthA ko kaivalya yA mokSa prApti kI avasthA kahA jAtA hai| prakRti ke baMdhana se mukta hone ke parama uddezya ke sAtha Izvara va AtmA ke khoja kI anya vidhiyAM mila jAne se yoga meM naI naI prakriyAeM va zaktiyAM jur3a gaI aura tAMtrikoM ne kuNDalinI, layataMtra, maMtra ityAdi svataMtra yoga vidhiyoM ko janma diyA va usameM aSTAMga yoga kI mukhya bAtoM kA samAveza kara diyaa| tibbata, cIna, jApAna, Adi dezoM meM jaba bauddha bhikSu pracArArdha gae, taba unhone isI prakAra kI yoga vidyA kA anyatra pracAra kiyaa| yoga zAstra kA viSaya vyaktigata samAdhi hone ke kAraNa yaha viSaya samAja ke lie vaise upayogI na bhI ho, taba bhI citta vizleSaNa va cetanA kI gaharAI taka pahuMca, jahAM vAsanAeM janma letI haiM aura jo vyakti kI prakRti ko badalane va sudhArane meM bAdhA utpanna karatI hai, Adi aise viSaya haiM jo vyakti ke sukha duHkha kI anubhUtiyoM ko prabhAvita karate haiN| ataH inake adhyayana kI sAmAjika jIvana meM nisaMdeha upAdeyatA hai / Adhunika 2010_03
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________________ svaH mohanalAla bAMThiyA smRti grantha parAmanovijJAna tathA manaH zArIrika anusaMdhAnoM ke niSkaSoM kA yoga zAstra ne bahuta pahale patA lagA liyA thA / manuSya mAtra, mana, prANa, zarIra aura indriyoM hI nahIM hai, para eka jIvanta cetanA bhI hai aura usa cetanA meM anaMta zakti nihita hai, isa rahasya ko yoga zAstra ne ujAgara kiyaa| cetanA ke vistAra ke sAtha citta meM antarnihita zaktiyoM va guNa, prabuddha evaM sajIva ho uThate haiM aura tabhI jIvana ke vividha vyApAroM kI eka ke bAda eka utkRSTa evaM vyApaka vIthiyAM khulatI haiM / antarmukhI hone para jIvana ke sAre rahasyoM kA patA calatA hai aura isa khoja ke lie aura isase zakti prApta karane ke lie maharSi pataMjali kA yogazAstra eka bahuta mahatvapUrNa evaM upayogI udaghATaka graMtha hai| (5) mImAMsA aura usake AcArya jaiminI lagabhaga 500 I. pU. ke AsapAsa AcArya jaiminI ne mImAMsA sUtra kI racanA kii| AcArya jaiminI nAma se kaI lekhaka va graMthakAra hue| ataH mImAMsA sUtra ke racanAkAra ke bAre meM koI spaSTa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| mImAMsA sUtra meM lagabhaga 3000 sUtra haiM jinameM dharma va usase saMbaMdhita viSayoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isameM eka hajAra adhikaraNa haiM, jinheM 'sAThapAdoM' meM bAMTA gayA hai va sampUrNa graMtha meM 12 adhyAya haiM, jisase isa graMtha ko 'dvAdasa lakSaNI' bhI kahA jAtA hai| saMpUrNa graMtha kA lakSya hai, dharma ke bahu vidhi aMgoM vivecana karanA, para yahAM dharma kA artha hai vedoM dvArA aneka sUtroM meM pratipAdita loka kalyANa kA sAdhanayukta yajJa karma / yajJa do prakAra ke hote haiM, prakRti athavA Adya rUpa aura vikRti / prakRti vaha yajJa hai jisameM sAMgopAgaM brAhmaNacaryA kA sUkSma vivecana hai, jabaki vikRti kA AdhAra atidezavAkya hone ke kAraNa prakRti kI taraha kartavya mAnakara una para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| prakRti kI carcA prathama chaH adhyAyoM meM hone se use 'upadeza' va vikRti kI carcA Age ke chaH adhyAyoM meM hone se use 'atideza' SaTaka kahA gayA hai| zeSa cAra adhyAyoM meM yajJa aura dharma se saMbaMdhita anya kaI bAtoM kA vivecana hai| mImAMsA sUtra meM yajJa ke vidhivata AthAdana siddhAnta kI zuddha mantrArtha ke rUpa meM vyAkhyA va nirUpaNa hai va yajJa ke vividha vihita rUpoM meM zuddha evaM satata anuSThAna kA vivecana zrautra sUtra sAhitya meM hai / minI ne dharma kI vyAkhyA kI hai- "codanA lakSaNo rthodharma" arthAta kevala veda bhASyutikI preraNA (codanA) jisake lie ho aura jo sAtha hI (artha) mAnava kalyANa kAraNa bane vahI dharma hai / isa prakAra jeminI ne dharma ke lie vedayA zruti kI preraNA ko hI pramANa mAnA 2010_03 268
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________________ - darzana-digdarzana hai aura use zuddha va svataH pramANa siddha mAnA hai| dharma se karma kA bodha hotA hai aura codanA ise jAnane kA sAdhana hai| ataH codanA bhI kriyA ko batAne vAlA yA nirdeza karane vAlA honA caahie| veda rAzi ke pAMca bhAga vidhi, niSedha, arthavAda, maMtra, nAma dhema meM aMtima tIna kriyArtha nahIM haiM, para jaiminI ne inako bhI kriyA mAnA hai| dharma ke jJAna ke lie smRti aura ziSTAcAra zruti para AdhArita hone se parokSa rUpa se pramANa haiM, para jaiminI ne ina para vicAra na kara mAtra pratyakSa kI vyAkhyA hI kI hai kyoMki unake vicAra meM laukika padAthoM kA jJAna, dharma ke jJAna kI koTi meM nahIM aataa| mImAMsA sUtra meM do se cha: adhyAyoM meM kramazaH karmabheda, zeSatva (mukhya va pUraka ke bIca saMbaMdha) prayukta (kRtvArtha yA purUSArtha) krama (pUrva pazcAta karma kA vidhAna) aura adhikAra (kartA ke guNa) kA vivecana hai| Age ke do adhyAyoM meM atideza va usake do bheda sAmAnya va viSaya para samIkSA kI gaI hai| aMtima cAra adhyAyoM meM Uha (rUpAMtara) bAgha tathA samuccaya (aMza kA lopa athavA saMyoga) taMtra, abApa (pUraka karma) prasaMga aura vikalpa para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| saMgharSa kANDa ke cAra adhyAyoM meM maMtra, preSa, nigraha, vaSaTakAra Adi viSayoM ke sAtha agni, iSTakA, mUpa Adi kA bhI vivecana hai| mImAMsA sUtra ke pratipAdya viSayoM kI jAnakArI hetu usakI vAstavika zikSAoM ko tIna dRSTikoNo se dekhA jA sakatA hai - yajJazAstra, vyAkhyA zAstra aura darzana zAstra / isameM yajJa saMbaMdhI zikSAoM ko mukhyataH brAhmaNa graMthoM kI zuddha vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM usI taraha dekhA jA sakatA hai jisa taraha upaniSadoM kI zuddha vyAkhyA vedAnta meM milatI hai aura isIlie ina kRtiyoM va darzanoM ko kramaza pUrva mImAMsA va uttara mImAMsA kA nAma diyA gayA hai| yajJa karma pradhAna (icchita phala kI prApti) aura aMgabhUta (yajJa kI uddezya pUrti ) do prakAra ke hote haiN| jinheM kramazaH puruSArtha va kRtvArtha kahA gayA hai| eka anya dRSTi se kamoM ko tIna bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai - nitya, naimittika aura kAmya / nitya karma sabhI ke lie Avazyaka hai, naimittika khAsa nimittoM para karane kA vidhAna hai va kAmya karma phala kI icchA se kiye jAte haiN| nitya karmoM kA koI phala nahIM milatA, para usakA na karanA sAmAjika dAyitva kI upekSA hone se pApa hai| kAmya karma pUre anuSThAna ke sAtha kiyA jAnA caahie| nitya karma meM karma aura phala kA susthira tAdAtmya va yajJa karma kI truTiyoM ke kAraNa kAlAntara meM jJAna-darzana (vedAnta) ko adhika mahatva mila gyaa| vyAkhyA ke bAre meM bhI jaiminI ke sUtra itanI adhika mAtrA meM haiM ki usakA vyApaka va sthAyI mahatva hone ke uparAnta bhI janasAdhAraNa kAnUnI vyAkhyAoM sI jaTilatA hone se usameM ruci nahIM le paataa| itanA hone para bhI yaha nizcita 2010_03
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________________ sva: mohanalAla bAThiyA smRti grantha 8888888 rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki mImAMsA ke karma siddhAnta kI punarvyAkhyA Adhunika jIvana ke anurUpa kI jAe va hamako sAmAjika va anya kartavyoM ke prati jAgaruka rahane va apane karmo ke suphala ke lie dhairya rakhane kI zikSA dI jAya to AcArya jaiminI kA mImAMsA sUtra Aja bhI apanI prAMsagikatA banAe rakha sakatA hai| (6)vedAnta (uttara mImAMsA) aura usake AcArya bAdarAyaNa bhArata meM pracalita samasta dArzanika paramparAoM meM vedAnta ke nAnA sampradAyoM kI vyApakatA sabase adhika hai kyoMki vedAnta-darzana kA mUla upaniSada hai jo adhyAtma vidyA ke caramotkarSa graMtha mAne jAte haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki dvApara yuga meM svayaM viSNu ne vyAsa kA rUpa lekara vedoM ko uneka vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyaa| vartamAna kalpa ke vyAsa kA nAma kRSNa dvaipAyana hai jo parAzara RSiva satyavatI kI saMtAna hai| varNa se kRSNa aura dvIpa meM janma lene ke kAraNa jahAM veda vyAsa kA nAma kRSNa dvaipAyana par3A vahAM badarikA Azrama meM taporata rahane ke kAraNa inakA nAma bAdarAyaNa par3A aura ye cirajIvI mAne jAte haiM / veda vyAsa ne Rga, yajuH, sAma aura atharva cAra vedoM kI prasthApanA kii| isake sAtha mahAbhArata nAma kA mahAkAvya, (jise pAMcavAM veda kahA jAtA hai) va aSTAdaza purANoM kI racanA kii| purANoM meM pAMca viSayoM yathA sarga arthAta mUla sRSTi, 2- prati sarga arthAta paravartI sRSTi, 3- vaMza yAnI deva pitaroM kI paramparA, 4- manvantara arthAta manu kA yuga, 5- vaMzAnucarita yAni sUrya candra vaMza ke rAjA va unake uttarAdhikArI kA vivecana hai| upaniSada va bhagavata gItA ke sAtha-sAtha unhoMne vedAnta sUtra kI bhI racanA kI jo kramazaH zruti, smRti va nyAya prasthAna ke nAma se jAne jAte haiN| vedAnta sUtra meM 162 adhikaraNa ke 555 sUtra milate haiM jiname prathama cAra sUtra sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa haiM aura ve sAre darzana kA sAra saMkSepa hai| prathama sUtra meM athAto brahama jijJAsA (isake bAda brahama kI jijJAsA), dvitIya sUtra meM 'janmAghasya yataH' (jisameM saMsAra kI utpatti, sthiti, pralaya Adi kA varNana), tRtIya sUtra meM zAstra yonitvAta (brahma zAstra kA mUla hai va zAstra brahma jJAna kA kAraNa hai) caturtha sUtra meM tattu samanvayAta (tatva kI saMgati se brahma kI parama satya ke rUpa meM siddhi) zabdoM kA prayoga hai, jo vedAnta kI samUcI dhAraNAoM kA digdarzana karAte haiN| vedAnta sUtra ko brahmasUtra, zArIrika sUtra, bhikSusUtra aura uttara mImAMsA 2010_03
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________________ sUtra bhI kahate hai / isake cAra adhyAya haiM va pratyeka adhyAya cAra pAdoM meM vibhakta haiM aura pratyeka pAda adhikaraNoM meM baMTA hai| hara adhikaraNa meM eka yA adhika sUtra haiM / graMtha ke cAra adhyAyoM ke varNya viSaya kramazaH samanvaya avirodha sAdhana aura phala hai / vedAnta sUtra ke prathama adhyAya meM bAdarAyaNa RSi ne batAyA ki samanvaya bhAva se vicAra karane para samasta veda vAkya advaita brahma kI siddhi karate hai / RSi ne upaniSada Adi ke prasaMgoM kA ullekha kara siddha kiyA hai ki brahma hI parama satya hai, vizva kA sRjaka va adhiSThAtA brahma hI hai / dvitIya adhyAya meM una sabhI ApattiyoM kI carcA kI gaI hai jo vedAnta kI uparokta mAnyatA ke viruddha hai aura sAtha meM unakA khaNDana bhI kiyA gayA hai| sAMkhya darzana kA mukhya rUpa se prativAda kiyA gayA hai va anya darzanoM ko bhI galata pramANita karane kI ceSTA tarka ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM mukti ke upAyoM kI carcA hai / isa adhyAya meM usa prakriyA kA bhI varNana hai jisake dvArA jIvAtmA pRthvI para utaratI hai, garbha meM praviSTa hotI hai, navIna zarIra ko prApta karatI hai, jAgRta, svapna va sUSupti meM bhinna dazAoM kA anubhava karatI hai, vibhinna avasthAoM kA saMyoga viyoga pAtI hai aura anta meM advaita brahma kI aparokSAnubhuti hone para AvAgamana ke cakra se mukti prApta karatI hai / brahmava jIva kI abhedAtmaka sthiti kA AtmajJAna, sanyAsa Azrama kA vidhAna, jJAna sAdhanA, saguNa-nirguNa upAsanA Adi kI bhI isa adhyAya meM carcA kI gaI hai| antima caturtha adhyAya meM brahmajJAna ke phala va prasaMgavaza anya upayogI viSayoM kI carcA hai / prANI kI sUkSma zarIra ke mAdhyama se janma janmAMtara kI yAtrA va aMta meM brahmalInatA kA isameM samagratA se varNana milatA hai / isa prakAra vedAnta sUtra samagra jIvana yAtrA va usake jJeya, heya va upAdeya tatvoM kI saMpUrNa carcA se eka atyaMta mahatvapUrNa va sarvAdhika prabhAvaka darzana graMtha bana gayA hai / darzana-digdarzana maharSi bAdarAyaNa ke bAda vedAnta sUtra yA vedAnta darzana kI uneka RSi muniyoM ne vyAkhyAeM va TIkAeM kI haiM, jinameM Adi zaMkarAcArya kA bhASya prAcInatama hai| AcArya zaMkara ke bAda bhAskara, yAdava prakAza, rAmAnuja, kezava, nIlakaNTha, madhva, baladeva, vallama aura vijJAna bhikSu Adi ke nAma vedAnta darzana kI vyAkhyA karane vAloM meM lie jA sakate haiM / saMbhavataH vedAnta sUtra para jitanI vyAkhyAeM va TIkAeM upalabdha haiM ve aba bhI usa para viddhAnoM dvArA likhA jA rahA hai, utanA kisI darzana para Aja taka nahIM likhA gyaa| bhAratIya darzanoM meM vedAnta darzana kA jitanA pracAra prasAra huA va bahusaMkhyaka janatA ne isako jitanA 2010_03 3018
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________________ svaH mohanalAla bAThiyA smRti grantha apanAyA, utanA dUsare darzanoM kA nahIM ho sakA, isa dRSTi se isa darzana va usake AcArya kA mahatvAMkana sahaja meM eka prabhAvotpAdaka darzana ke rUpa meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| maiMne zramaNa saMskRti se itara darzana va darzanAcAryoM kA saMkSepa meM isI dRSTi se varNana kiyA hai ki hama jaina darzana ke sAtha unakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kara zAzvata jJAna kI samyaka prakAra se avagati prApta kara sakeM, avagAhana kara sakeM va samyaka caritra kI dizA meM Age bar3hakara AtmajJAna se bhASita hokara Atma sAkSAtkAra kara skeN| 2010_03