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________________ 60 ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM zrutadevI sarasvatI pro. sAgaramala jaina jaina dharma AdhyAtmapradhAna, nivRttiparaka evaM saMnyAsamArgI dharma hai / isa dharma ke ArAdhya arhat rahe haiM / prArambhika jaina granthoM aura vizeSa rUpa se ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM hameM sAdhanA kI dRSTi se arhatoM kI upAsanA ke hI nirdeza milate haiM / yadyapi ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM kahIM-kahIM yakSoM ke nirdeza haiM, kintu zramaNa paramparA ke muniyoM dvArA unakI ArAdhanA aura upAsanA karane ke kahIM koI nirdeza nahIM hai / yadyapi kucha prasaMgoM meM apanI bhautika icchAoM kI pUrti ke lie gRhasthoM ke dvArA ina yakSoM kI pUjA ke kucha nirdeza avazya milate haiM, phira bhI yaha jaina sAdhanA kA aMga rahA ho, aisA koI bhI nirdeza hameM prApta nahIM huA / yadyapi kAlAntara meM jaina dhArmika anuSThAnoM meM inakI ArAdhanA yA pUjA ke nirdeza avazya prApta hote haiM, sarvaprathama mathurA ke eka jaina AyAgapaTTa (prAyaH IsA kI dUsarI zatI) para eka devI pratimA kA aMkana hai / usake sAnnidhya meM eka jaina zramaNa khar3A hai aura pAsa hI kucha upAsaka evaM upAsikAe~ bhI hAtha jor3e khar3e haiM, kintu yaha devI kauna hai ? isakA nirNaya nahIM ho sakA / abhilekha meM isakA nAma AryAvatI hai, kintu kucha vidvAnoM ne ise tIrthaMkara mAtA bhI kahA hai (dekhe citra 1) | ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM sarvaprathama mahAvidyAoM kA ullekha hai, kintu caubIsa zAsanadevatA yA yakSiyoM ke nirdeza paravartI jaina granthoM meM hI upalabdha hue haiM, kintu ardhamAgadhI Agama, unakI niryukti aura bhASya bhI isa sambandha meM mauna haiN| yaha saba paravartI kAlIna arthAt IsA kI sAtavI zatI ke bAda hI hai / anusandhAna 48 prAcIna stara ke jaina grantha sUtrakRtAMga ( 2 / 2 / 18) evaM RSibhASita meM vidyAoM ke ullekha to avazya haiM, kintu vahA~ ve mAtra viziSTa prakAra kI jJAnAtmaka yA kriyAtmaka yogyatAe~, kSamatAe~ yA zaktiyA~ hI haiM, jinameM bhASAjJAna
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________________ jUna 2009 se lekara antardhyAna hone taka kI kalAe~ haiM, kintu kAlAntara meM tAntrika prabhAva ke kAraNa jainoM meM solaha vidyAdeviyoM, caubIsa yakSa-yakSiyoM, caubIsa kAmadevoM, nava nAradoM aura gyAraha rudroM, aSTa yA nau dikpAla, lokAntika devoM, navagraha, kSetrapAla, cauMsaTha indroM aura cauMsaTha yoganiyoM kI kalpanA bhI AI, kintu uparokta jaina devamaNDala meM bhI sarasvatI kA ullekha nahIM hai / jaina dharma meM prArambha meM jo solaha mahAvidyAeM mAnI gaIM thIM, ve bhI kAlAntara meM caubIsa meM sammilita kara lI gaI aura yaha mAna liyA gayA ki caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke zAsana-rakSaka caubIsa yakSa aura caubIsa yakSaNiyA~ hotI haiM, lekina Azcaryajanaka tathya yaha hai ki caubIsa zAsana devatA yA yakSiyoM meM bhI kahIM bhI sarasvatI evaM lakSmI kA ullekha nahIM hai / yadyapi prAcIna kAla se hI jainoM meM ye donoM deviyA~ pramukha rahI haiM, kyoMki sarvaprathama tIrthaMkaroM kI mAtAoM ke solaha yA caudaha svapnoM meM cauthe svapna ke rUpa meM zrI devI yA lakSmI kA ullekha milatA hai / mAtra itanA hI nahIM, usake mUlapATha meM evaM usakI paravartI TIkAoM meM usake svarUpa kA vistRta vivaraNa bhI hai / yadyapi yahA~ usakI upAsanA vidhi kI kahIM koI carcA nahIM hai / jahA~ taka sarasvatI kA prazna hai, ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM bhagavatIsUtra ke pandrahaveM zataka ke prArambha meM " namo suyadevayAe bhagavaie" ke rUpa meM zrutadevI sarasvatI ko namaskAra karane kA ullekha hai / isI prakAra bhagavatIsUtra ke Adya maMgala meM yadyapi 'namo baMbhIe livIe' kahakara brAhmI lipi ko aura 'namo suyassa' kahakara zruta ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai, kintu vahA~ zrutadevatA kA ullekha nahIM hai / bhagavatIsUtra ke Adya maMgala evaM pandrahaveM zataka ke prArambha meM madhyamaMgala ke rUpa meM, jo zruta yA zrutadevatA (sarasvatI) kA ullekha hai, use vidvAnoM ne paravartI prakSepa mAnA hai, kyoMki bhagavatIsUtra kI vRtti meM usakI vRtti (TIkA) nahIM hai / bhagavatIsUtra kA vartamAna meM upalabdha pATha vallabhI vAcanA meM hI sunizcita huA hai / yadyapi bhagavatIsUtra ke mUlapATha meM aneka aMza prAcIna stara ke haiM, aisA bhI vidvAnoM ne mAnA, kintu vallabhIvAcanA ke samaya usake pATha meM parivartana, prakSepa aura vilopana bhI hue haiM / ataH yaha kahanA kaThina hai, ki bhagavatIsUtra meM AdyamaMgala evaM madhyamaMgala ke rUpa meM jo zruta yA zrutadevatA ko namaskAra kiyA hai vaha prAcIna hI hogA / bhagavatIsUtra ke prArambha 61
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________________ 62 anusandhAna 48 meM AdyamaMgala ke rUpa meM paMcaparameSThi ke pazcAt 'namo baMbhIe livIe' aura 'namo suyassa' ye pATha milate haiM / yahA~ brAhmI lipi aura zruta ko namaskAra hai, kintu zrutadevatA ko nahIM hai / ataH zrutadevatA kI kalpanA kucha paravartI hai / saMbhavataH hindU devI sarasvatI kI kalpanA ke bAda hI sarvaprathama jainoM ne zrutadevatA ke rUpa meM sarasvatI ko mAnyatA dI hogI / yadyapi mathurA se mile purAtAttvika sAkSya isake viparIta hai, unase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yadi vizva meM sarasvatI kI koI sabase prAcIna pratimA hai to vaha jaina sarasvatI hI hai (dekhe citra 2 ) / vartamAna meM upalabdha sarasvatI kI yaha pratimA mastakavihIna hokara bhI hAtha meM pustaka dhAraNa kie hue haiM evaM brAhmI lipi ke abhilekha meM 'sarasvatI' ke ullekha se yukta hai / isase yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki IsA kI prathama yA dvitIya zatAbdI meM jaina paramparA meM zrutadevI yA sarasvatI kI upAsanA prArambha ho gaI thI / mathurA se prApta isa sarasvatI kI pratimA meM sarasvatI ko dvibhujI ke rUpa meM hI aMkita kiyA gayA hai, kintu usake eka hAtha meM pustaka hone se yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki vaha sarasvatI yA zrutadevI kI hI pratimA hai / yaha spaSTa hai ki jainoM meM prArambhika kAla meM sarasvatI kI zrutadevI ke rUpa meM hI upAsanA kI jAtI thI / anya paramparAoM meM bhI use vAkdevI kahA hI gayA hai, yadyapi bhagavatIsUtra ke navam zataka ke 33 veM uddezaka ke 149 sUtra meM 'sarasvatI' zabda AyA hai / kintu vahA~ vaha jinavANI kA vizeSaNa hI hai / isI zataka ke isI uddezaka ke 163 veM sUtra meM bhI " savvabhAsANugAmiNIe sarassaIe joyaNaNIhAriNA sareNaM addhamAgahAe bhAsAe bhAsai dhammaM parikaheD" isase vaha jinavANI ( zrutadevatA) hI siddha hotI hai| isake atirikta bhagavatIsUtra ke 10 ve zataka meM asurakumAroM meM gandharva - indra gItarati kI cAra agramahiSiyoM meM bhI eka kA nAma 'sarasvatI' ullekhita hai / isI prakAra jJAtAdharmakathA ke dvitIya zruta skandha ke paMcama varga ke 32 adhyayanoM meM 32 ve adhyayana kA nAma bhI 'sarasvatI' hai / yahA~ eka devI ke rUpa meM hI usakA ullekha haiM, kintu ye sabhI ullekha ati saMkSipta haiM / isI krama meM aMgasUtroM meM vipAkasUtra ke dUsare zrutaskandha 'sukhavipAka' ke dUsare adhyayana meM RSabhapura nagara ke rAjA
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________________ jUna 2009 kI rAnI kA nAma bhI sarasvatI ke rUpa meM ullekhita hai, kintu bhagavatIsUtra ke navama zataka meM ullekhita jinavANI ke sAtha isakA koI sAmya nahIM dekhA jA sakatA hai / yaha to kevala eka sAmAnya strI hai / yahA~ mAtra nAma kI samarUpatA hI hai / sthAnAMgasUtra meM bhI gandhoM ke indra gItarati kI patnI kA nAma sarasvatI ullekhita hai, jo bhagavatIsUtra ke 10 veM zataka ke ullekha kI hI puSTi karatA hai| ina AdhAroM para hama itanA hI kaha sakate haiM ki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM prArambha meM sarasvatI kA ullekha mUlataH jinavANI yA zruta ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM hI huA hai / yadyapi ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM 'namo suyadevayAe bhagavaIe' itanA hI pATha hai| kintu yaha zrutadevatA sarasvatI rahI hogI, aisI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai kyoMki bhagavatIsUtra (9/33/149 tathA 163) meM sarasvatI-jinavANI ke eka vizleSaNa ke rUpa meM ullekhita hai / sarvaprathama jinavANI rUpa zruta (suya) ko sthAna milA aura use 'namo suyassa' kahakara praNAma bhI kiyA gayA / kAlAntara meM isI zruta ke adhiSThAyaka devatA ke rUpa meM zrutadevI kI kalpanA AI hogI aura usa zrutadevI ko bhagavatI kahakara praNAma kiyA gayA / kintu yaha saba eka kAlakrama meM hI huA hogaa| zruta se zrutadevatA aura zrutadevatA se sarasvatI kA samIkaraNa eka kAlakrama meM huA hogA / isI krama meM zrutadevatA ko bhagavatI vizeSaNa bhI milA aura isa prakAra zrutadevI ko bhagavatI sarasvatI mAna liyA gayA / jJAtavya hai ki 'bhagavatI' aura 'bhagavAna' zabda kA prayoga bhI ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM mAtra AdarasUcaka hI rahA hai vaha devatva kA vAcaka nahIM hai / kyoMki praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM ahiMsA ko 'bhagavatI' (ahiMsAe bhagavaIe) aura satya ko 'bhagavAna' (saccaM khu bhagavaM) kahA gayA hai| yahA~ ye vyaktiparaka nahIM mAtra avadhAraNAe~ haiM / ata: prAcIna kAla meM bhagavatI zrutadevI bhI mUlataH jinavANI ke rUpa meM mAnya kI gaI hogI / yahA~ 'namo' zabda bhI usake prati Adara bhAva prakaTa karane ke lie hI hai - kyoMki aisA AdarabhAva to 'namo baMbhIe livIe' kahakara brAhmI lipi ke prati bhI prakaTa kiyA gayA hai /
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________________ 64 anusandhAna 48 vaha koI deva yA devI nahIM hai / kintu yaha jJAtavya hai ki jaba jaina devamaNDala meM zAsana-devatA evaM vidyA-deviyoM kA praveza huA to usake pariNAma svarUpa 'zruta-devatA' kI kalpanA bhI eka 'devI' ke rUpa meM huI aura usakA samIkaraNa hindU devI sarasvatI se baiThAyA gayA / yaha kaise huA ? ise thor3e vistAra se samajhane kI AvazyakatA hai| jinavANI 'rasavatI' hotI hai| ata: sarvaprathama sarasvatI ko jinavANI kA vizeSaNa banAyA gayA (sa+rasa+vatI) / phira sarasvatI zrutadevatA yA zrutadevI banI aura anta meM vaha sarasvatI nAmaka eka devI ke rUpa meM mAnya huI / ajJAna kA nAza karane vAlI devI ke rUpa meM usakI upAsanA prArambha huI / bhagavatIsUtra kI lipikAra (lahiye) kI antima prazasti gAthAoM IsA kI 5 vIM zatI pazcAt hameM eka gAthA upalabdha hotI hai - jisameM sarvaprathama gautama gaNadhara ko, phira vyAkhyAprajJapti (bhagavatIsUtra) ko, tadanantara dvAdaza gaNipiTaka ko namaskAra karake, anta meM zrutadevI ko usake vizeSaNoM sahita na kevala namaskAra kiyA gayA, apitu usase mati-timira (matiajJAna) ko samApta karane kI prArthanA kI gaI / vaha gAthA isa prakAra hai kumuya susaMThiyacalaNA amaliya koraTa viMTa saMkAsA / suyadevayAbhagavatI mama matitimiraM paNAseu / / - bhagavatIsUtra ke lipikAra kI upasaMhAra gAthA-2 kumuda ke Upara sthita caraNavAlI tathA amlAna (nahIM murajhAI huI) koraMTa kI kalI ke samAna, bhagavatI zrutadevI mere mati (buddhi athavA matiajJAnarUpI) andhakAra ko vinaSTa kare / viyasiyaaraviMdakarA nAsiyatimirA suyAhiyA devI / majjhaM pi deu mehaM buhavibuhaNamaMsiyA NiccaM // jisake hAtha meM vikasita kamala hai, athavA vikasita kamala jaise karatalavAlI, jisane ajJAnAndhakAra kA nAza kiyA hai, jisako budha (paNDita) aura vibudhoM (vizeSa prabuddha) ne sadA namaskAra kiyA hai, aisI zrutAdhiSThAtrI devI mujhe bhI buddhi (meghA) pradAna kare /
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________________ jUna 2009 suyadevayAe Namimo jIe pasAeNa sikkhiyaM nANaM / aNNaM pavayaNadevI saMtikarI taM namasAMmi // jisakI kRpA se jJAna sIkhA hai, usa zrutadevatA ko praNAma karatA hU~ tathA zAnti karane vAlI anya pravacanadevI ko namaskAra karatA hU~ / suyadevA ya jakkho kuMbhadharo baMbhasaMti veroTTA / vijjA ya aMtahuMDI deu avigdhaM lihaMtassa // zrutadevatA, kumbhadharayakSa, brahmazAntiyakSa, vairoTayAdevI, vidyAdevI aura antahuMDIyakSa, lekhaka ke lie avighna (nivighnatA) pradAna kare / 65 bhagavatI kI lipikAra (lekhaka) kI isa prazasti meM zrutadevatA se ajJAna ke vinAza tathA zrutalekhana kArya kI nivighnatA kI kAmanA kI gii| yadyapi ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya kI yaha prazasti zrutadevI yA jJAna kI adhiSThAtrI devI ke rUpa meM sarasvatI kA ullekha karatI hai, kintu hame yaha spaSTa rUpa se jAna lenA cAhie ki yaha IsA kI pAMcavI se dasavIM zatAbdI ke madhya huA hai aura jinavANI se hI zruta, zrutadevI aura sarasvatI kI avadhAraNAe~ vikasita huI hai / yahA~ hameM yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAnA cAhie ki ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya mAtra aMga, upAMga Adi aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya paiMtAlIsa yA battIsa zvetAmbara paramparA ke mAnya Agama granthoM taka hI sImita nahIM hai / AgamoM kI niyukti, bhASya aura cUrNiyAM bhI isI ke antargata AtI hai, kyoMki inakI bhASA bhI mahArASTrI - prabhAvita ardhamAgadhI hI hai / ataH Age hama niryukti aura bhASyoM ke AdhAra para bhI zrutadevI yA sarasvatI kI avadhAraNA para carcA kareMge / jahA~ taka ardhamAgadhI AgamoM ke isa vyAkhyA sAhitya kA prazna hai, usameM niyukti sAhitya evaM bhASya sAhitya meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM hameM kahIM bhI zrutadevatA kI stuti kI gaI ho, aisA ullekha nahIM milaa| inameM mAtra cAra sarasvatiyoM ke ullekha haiM 1. gItarati gandharva kI patnI, 2. RSabhapura ke rAjA kI patnI, 3. sarasvatI nAmaka nadI aura 4. AcArya kAlaka kI bahana -
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________________ anusandhAna 48 sarasvatI / kintu ina cAroM kA sambandha sarasvatI devI se nahIM hai| jahA~ taka bhASya zabda sAhitya kI TIkAoM kA prazna hai, abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa meM paMcakalpa bhASya kI TIkA ko uddhRta karake zrutadevatA zabda ko vyAkhyAyita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki zruta kA artha hai arhat pravacana, usakA jo adhiSThAyaka devatA hotA hai, use zrutadevatA kahate haiM / isa sambandha meM abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa meM kalpabhASya se nimna gAthA bhI uddhRta kI hai savvaM ca lakkhaNo-veyaM, samAhiduti devatA / / suttaM ca lakkhaNoveyaM, jeya savvaNNu-bhAsiyaM // yadyapi mujhe bRhatkalpabhASya meM yaha gAthA nahIM milI / saMbhavataH paMcakalpabhASya kI hogI, kyoMki unhoMne yadi ise uddhRta kiyA hai to isakA koI AdhAra honA cAhie / saMbhavataH yaha paMcakalpabhASya se uddhRta kI gaI ho ! isameM zruta kA lakSaNa batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki jo sarvajJabhASita hai, vaha zruta hai aura jo use sarvalakSaNoM se jAnatA hai yA adhIta karatA hai, vaha zrutadevatA hai / bhASyasAhitya meM zrutadevatA yA sarasvatI kA anya koI ullekha hai, aisA merI jAnakArI meM nahIM hai / yadyapi bhASyasAhitya se kiMcit paravartI paMcasaMgraha nAmaka grantha ke paMcamadvAra rUpa pA~cave bhAga meM zruta devatA ke prasAda kI carcA huI hai / abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa meM usakI nimna gAthA uddhRta kI gaI suyadevatA bhagavaI, nANAvaraNIyakammasaMghAyaM / tesiM khaveu sayayaM, jesi suyasAyare bhattI // isa gAthA kA tAtparya yaha hai ki - "jisakI zruta sAgara meM bhakti hai, usake jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke samUha ko zruta devatA satata rUpa se kSINa kre|'' isa gAthA kI vRtti meM TIkAkAra ne yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki vastutaH karmoM kA kSaya zrutadevatA ke kAraNa se nahIM, apitu zrutadevatA ke prati rahI huI bhakti-bhAvanA ke kAraNa hotA hai / isI prasaMga meM vRttikAra ne zruta ke adhiSThAyaka devatA ko vyantara devayoni kA batAyA hai aura yaha kahA hai ki vaha sAdhaka ke jJAnAvaraNIya karmoM ke kSaya karane meM samartha nahIM hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM pratikramaNasUtra meM pAMcave Avazyaka meM
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________________ jUna 2009 67 zrutadevatA ke nimitta kAyotsarga kiyA jAtA hai 'suyadevayAe karemi kAusaggaM' vastutaH vaha kAyotsarga bhI zrutabhakti kA hI eka rUpa hai aura yaha jJAnAvaraNIya karmoM ke kSaya kA nimitta bhI hotA hai, kyoMki jaina siddhAnta vyakti ke karmoM kA kSaya kA hetu to svayaM ke bhAvoM ko hI mAnatA hai| phira bhI devoM se isa prakAra kI prArthanAe~ jaina granthoM meM avazya milatI hai| jaisA ki hama pUrva meM ullekha kara cuke haiM, bhagavatIsUtra kI lekhaka prazasti meM bhI ajJAnarUpI timira kI nAza kI prArthanA zrutadevatA se kI gaI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM mahAnizItha sUtra sabase paravartI mAnA jAtA hai / isake sambandha meM mUlabhUta avadhAraNA yaha hai ki isakI ekamAtra dImakoM dvArA bhakSita prati ke AdhAra para AcArya haribhadra (lagabhaga AThavIM zatI) ne isakA uddhAra kiyA ! cAhe mUla grantha kisI bhI rUpa meM rahA ho, kintu isakA vartamAnakAlIna svarUpa to AcArya haribhadra ke kAla kA hai, yadyapi isakA kucha aMza prAcIna ho sakatA hai, kintu kauna sA aMza prAcIna hai aura kauna sA paravartI hai, yaha nirNaya para pAnA kaThina hai| ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM yaha eka aisA grantha hai jo spaSTa rUpa se zrutadevatA (zrutadevI) kA ullekha karatA hai / isake prArambhika adhyayana meM 3 gadyasUtroM ke pazcAt 4 se 50 taka gAthAe~ hai / usake pazcAt punaH 51 vAM gadyasUtra hai| usameM koSTabuddhi Adi jJAniyoM ko namaskAra karane ke pazcAt 'namo bhagavatIe suyadevAe sijjhau meM suyAhiyA vijjA' isa rUpa meM zrutadevatA (zrutadevI) ko namaskAra karake usase yaha prArthanA kI gaI hai ki sUtra adhIta vidyA mujhe siddha ho / punaH yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki- 'esA vijjA siddhatiehiM akkharehiM likhiyA esA ya siddhaMtiyA livI amuNiyasamayasabbhAvANaM suyadharehiM NaM na panavejjA taha ya kusIlANaM ca' - yaha likhita vidyA zrutadharoM ko hI prajJapta kare kuzIloM ko nahIM / puna: mahAnizIthasUtra ke antima AThaveM adhyAya meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM aura tIrtha ko namaskAra karane ke pazcAt 'namo suyadevayAe bhagavaIe' kahakara zrutadevatA (zrutadevI) ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| zrutadevatA koI devatA yA devI hai, yaha bAta Agamika paramparA meM kAlAntara meM hI svIkRta huI hai, kyoMki jaisA hamane pUrva meM kahA hai ki
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________________ 68 anusandhAna 48 prAcIna AgamoM meM to sarasvatI yA zrutadevatA jinavANI hI rahI hai / mahAnizIthasUtra meM hI sarvaprathama yaha kahA gayA ki zrutadevatA merI adhIta vidyA ko siddhi pradAna kareM / zrutadevatA eka devI hai, aisA ullekha sarvaprathama mahAnizIthasUtra ke uddhAraka AcArya haribhadra ( 8 vI zatI) ne apane grantha paMcAzaka prakaraNa meM kiyA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki rohiNi aMbA taha maMdauNNayA savvasaMpayAsokkhA / suyasaMtisurA kAlI siddhAIyA tahA ceva // rohiNI, ambA, mandapuNyikA, sarvasampadA sarvasaukhyA, zrutadevatA, zAntidevatA, kAlI, siddhAyikA ye nau devatA hai / isakI TIkA meM bhI zrutadevatA kI ArAdhanA hetu tapa karane kI vidhi batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki zrutadevatA kI ArAdhanA hetu kie jAne vAle tapa meM gyAraha ekAdazI paryanta upavAsapUrvaka mauna vrata rakhanA cAhie tathA zrutadevatA kI pUjA karanI cAhie / jJAtavya hai ki pUrva meM ullekhita paMcakalpabhASya meM bhI zrutadevatA ko vyantara jAti ke deva batAyA gayA hai / merI jAnakArI meM ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM isake atirikta zrutadevI yA sarasvatI kA koI ullekha nahIM / usameM aneka jAti ke devadeviyoM ke ullekha to haiM, kintu sarasvatI yA zrutadevI kI mAtra jinavANI ke rUpa meM hI carcA hai, kisI deva yA devI ke rUpa meM nahIM hai / vaha vyantara devI hai, yaha ullekha bhI paravartI hai / yadyapi jaina sarasvatI kI vizva meM sabase prAcIna pratimA mathurA se upalabdha hone se purAtAttvika sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para itanA to kahA jA sakatA hai ki jainoM meM sarasvatI yA zrutadevI kI avadhAraNA prAcIna kintu sAhityika ullekha paravartI yuga ke haiM / sarvaprathama hameM Agametaragrantha paumacariyaM (vimalasUri) evaM aMgavijjA meM usake eka devI ke rUpa meM ullekha milate haiM ! paumacariyaM ( 3 / 59) meM sarasvatI kA ullekha buddhidevI ke rUpa huA hai jo indra kI AjJAse tIrthakaramAtA kI sevA karatI hai / aMgavijjA (58 pR. 223) meM bhI use eka devI mAnA gayA hai / ina do ullekhoM bAda sarasvatI kA sIdhA ullekha haribhadra ke 8vIM zatI ke granthoM meM hI milatA hai| aMgavijjA aura paumacariyaM kA kAla lagabhaga IsA kI dUsarI kA mAnA gayA meM hai /
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________________ jUna 2009 (II) jainadharma meM sarasvatI hama apane pUrva Alekha - "ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya meM zrutadevI sarasvatI" meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha dekha cuke haiM ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM mAnya ardhamAgadhI AgamoM meM tathA unakI niyuktiyoM aura bhASyoM taka bhI eka devI ke rUpa meM sarasvatI kI avadhAraNA anupasthita hai / bhagavatIsUtra meM sarasvatI (sa+rasa+vatI) pada kA prayoga mAtra jinavANI ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM huA hai aura usa jinavANI ko rasa se yukta mAnakara yaha vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai| yadyapi usameM bhagavatI zrutadevatA (suyadevayAe bhagavaie) ke kucha prayoga mile haiM, parantu ve bhI jinavANI ke artha meM hI hai / jinavANI ke sAtha devatA aura bhagavatI zabdoM kA prayoga mAtra AdarasUcaka haiN| kisI 'devI' kI kalpanA ke rUpa meM nahIM hai / zrutadevatA (zrutadevI) kI kalpanA prAcIna stara ke AgamoM kI apekSA kucha paravartI hai| sarvaprathama paumacariyaM (I. 2rI zatI) meM hI, zrI, dhRti, kIrti, buddhi aura lakSmI ko devI kahA gayA hai, jo indra ke Adeza se tIrthaMkara mAtA kI sevA karatI haiM (3/59) / isake sAtha hI aMgavijjA (lagabhaga 2rI zatI) meM bhI buddhi kI devatA ke rUpa meM 'sarasvatI' kA ullekha hai| jabaki jaina devamaNDala, jisameM solaha vidyAdeviyA~, caubIsa yakSa, caubIsa yakSiyA~ (zAsanadevatA), aSTa yA nau dikpAla, cauMsaTha indra, lokAntikadeva, navagraha, kSetrapAla (bhairava) aura cauMsaTha yoganiyA~ bhI sammilita haiM, kahIM bhI sarasvatI kA ullekha nahIM hai| yaha Azcaryajanaka isalie hai, aneka hindU devadeviyoM ko samAhita karake jainoM ne jisa devamaNDala kA vikAsa kiyA thA, usameM zrutadevI sarasvatI ko kyoM sthAna nahIM diyA gayA ? jabaki mathurA se upalabdha jaina stUpa kI purAtAtvika sAmagrI meM vizva kI abhilekhayukta prAcInatama jaina zrutadevI yA sarasvatI kI pratimA prApta huI hai, jisase itanA to siddha ho hI jAtA hai ki IsA kI dvitIya 'zatAbdI se jainoM meM sarasvatI 1. ekANaMsA sirI, buddhi medhA kittI sarasvatI evamAdiyAo uvaladdhAo bhavaMti / adhyAya 58, pR. 223.
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________________ anusandhAna 48 kI ArAdhanA pracalita rahI hogii| kyoMki isa pratimA kI pratiSThA koTikagaNa kI vajrIzAkhA ke jainAcArya dvArA huI hai aura 'sarasvatI' zabda kA bhI ullekha hai| isake bAda zvetAmbara paramparA meM zrutadevI ke rUpa meM sarasvatI ke ullekha haribhadra (8 vI zatI) aura unake bAda AcAryoM ke kAla se hI milate haiN| tIsarI-cauthI zatI se lekara sAtavIM taka hameM sarasvatI ke ullekha nahIM mile / paMcakalpabhASya kI TIkA meM use vyantara devI ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA gayA, jo adhika sammAnaprada nahIM thA, kintu haribhadra ne usakI upAsanA vidhi meM use vairATyA, rohiNI, ambA, siddhAyikA, kAlI Adi zAsanadeviyoM ke samakakSa darjA dekara usakA mahattva sthApita kiyA hai, kyoMki kAlI, ambA, siddhAyikA Adi ko jainadharma meM zAsanadevatA kA sammAna prApta hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM zrutadevI sarasvatI kI upAsanA-vidhi ke sAhityika pramANa lagabhaga 8 vI zatI se milane lagate haiN| jahA~ taka sarasvatI kI pratimA ke purAtAtvika pramANoM kA prazna hai, ve prathamatayA to mathurA se upalabdha sarasvatI kI pratimA ke AdhAra para IsA kI dvitIya zatI se milane lagate haiM, kintu jaina paramparA meM bahuta hI sundara sarasvatI pratimAe~ pallU (bikAnera) aura lADanU Adi se upalabdha haiM, jo 9vIM, 10vIM zatI ke bAda kI haiM / jahA~ taka acela digambara paramparA kA prazna haiM, usameM bhI zrutadevI sarasvatI ke ullekha paryApta paravartI haiM ! kasAyapAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama, mUlAcAra, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, tiloyapannattI, dvAdaza anuprekSA (bArasANuvekkhA) evaM kundakunda ke grantha samayasAra, niyamasAra, paMcAstikAyasAra, pravacanasAra Adi meM hameM kahIM bhI AdyamaMgala meM zrutadevatA sarasvatI kA ullekha nahIM milA hai| yahA~ taka ki tattvArtha kI TIkAoM jaise sarvArthasiddhi, rAjavArtika, zlokavArtika meM tathA SaTkhaNDAgama kI dhavalATIkA aura mahAbandha TIkA meM bhI maMgala rUpa meM zrutadevI sarasvatI kA ullekha nahIM hai| mahAbandha aura usakI TIkA meM maMgala rUpa meM jina 44 labdhipadoM kA ullekha hai - unameM bhI kahIM sarasvatI yA zrutadevatA kA nAma nahIM hai / jJAtavya hai ye hI labdhipada, zvetAmbara paramparA meM sUrimantra ke rUpa meM tathA praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka aMga Agama meM bhI upalabdha
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________________ jUna 2009 haiM / jinameM aneka prakAra ke labdhidharo evaM prajJAzramaNoM ke ullekha haiM, kintu unameM bhI zrutadevI sarasvatI kA koI ullekha nahIM hai / vidvatvarga ke lie yaha vicAraNIya aura zodha kA viSaya hai / jahA~ taka merI jAnakArI hai, digambara paramparA meM sarvaprathama paM. AzAdhara (13 vIM zatI) ne apane grantha sAgAradharmAmRta meM zrutadevatA kI pUjA ko jinapUjA ke samatulya batAyA hai / ve likhate haiM ye yajante zrutaM bhaktyA te yajante'JjasA jinaM / taM kiJcidantaraM prAhurAptA hi zrutadevayoH // 2/44 // merI jahA~ taka jAnakArI hai, digambara paramparA meM kundakunda praNIta mAnI jAne vAlI dasa bhaktiyoM meM zrutabhakti to hai, kintu vaha zrutadevI sarasvatI kI bhakti hai, yaha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| 'zrutadevayoH' yaha pada bhI sarvaprathama sAgAra dharmAmRta meM hI prApta ho rahA hai| merI dRSTi meM AcArya malliSeNa viracita 'sarasvatI mantrakalpa' usa paramparA meM sarasvatI upAsanA kA prathama grantha hai / merI dRSTi meM yaha grantha bArahavIM zatI ke pazcAt kA hI hai / jahA~ taka zvetAmbara paramparA kA prazna hai, merI jAnakArI meM usameM sarvaprathama 'sarasvatIkalpa' kI racanA AcArya bappabhaTTIsUri (lagabhaga 10 vIM zatI) ne kI hai| yaha kalpa vistAra se sarasvatI kI upAsanA vidhi tathA tatsambandhI mantroM ko prastuta karatA hai / AcArya bappabhaTTIsUri kA kAla lagabhaga 10 vIM zatI mAnA jAtA hai / zvetAmbara paramparA meM sarasvatI kA eka anya stotra sAdhvI zivAryA kA milatA hai isakA nAma 'paThitasiddha sArasvatastava' hai| sAdhvI zivAryA kA kAla kyA hai ? yaha nizcita rUpa se jJAta nahIM hai| isake pazcAt zvetAmbara paramparA meM jinaprabhasUri (lagabhaga 13 vI - 14 vIM zatI) kA zrIzAradAstavana milatA hai, yaha AkAra meM saMkSipta hai, isameM mAtra 9 zloka haiM / isake atirikta eka anya zrIsarasvatI stotra upalabdha hotA hai, isameM mAtra 17 zloka haiM / isake kartA bhI ajJAta haiN| inameM bappabhaTTIsUri kA sarasvatI kalpa hI aisA hai, jisameM sarasvatI upAsanA kI samagra paddhati dI gaI hai / yadyapi yaha paddhati vaidika paramparA se pUrNata: prabhAvita pratIta
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________________ anusandhAna 48 hotI hai / jahA~ taka sarasvatI ke pratimA lakSaNoM kA prazna hai / sarvaprathama kharataragaccha ke vardhamAnasUri (14vIM zatI) dvArA racita 'AcAra dinakara' nAmaka grantha kI pratiSThAvidhi meM nimna do zloka milate haiM - OM hI namo bhagavatI brahmANi vINA pustaka / padmAkSasUye haMsavAhane zvetavarNe iha SaSThi pUjane Agaccha // punaHzvetavarNA zvetavastradhAriNI haMsavAhanA zvetasiMhAsanAsInA caturbhujA / zvetAbjavINAlaGkatA vAmakarA pustakamuktAkSamAlAlaGkRtadakSiNakarA ! / - AcAra dinakara pratiSThAvidhi jahA~ taka digambara paramparA kA prazna hai, usa paramparA ke grantha 'pratiSThAsAroddhAra' meM sarasvatI ke sambandha meM nimna zloka upalabdha haiM / vAgvAdinI bhagavati sarasvatI hIM namaH, ityanena mUlamantreNa veSTayet / oM hI mayUravAhinyai namaH iti vAgdevatAM sthApayet / / ___ - pratiSThAsAroddhAra donoM paramparAoM meM mUlabhUta antara yaha hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA meM sarasvatI kA vAhana haMsa mAnA gayA hai, jabaki digambara paramparA meM mayUra | haMsa viveka kA pratIka hai sambhavataH isIlie zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne use cunA ho / phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki sarasvatI ina pratimA lakSaNoM para vaidika paramparA kA prabhAva hai| sAtha hI usase samarUpatA bhI hai| mathurA se prApta jaina sarasvatI kI pratimA meM mAtra eka hAtha meM pustaka haiM, jabaki paravartI jaina sarasvatI mUrtiyoM meM vINA pradarzita haiM / C/o. prAcya vidyApITha dupADA roDa, zAjApura (ma.pra.)
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________________ jUna 2009 73 BENE FITORGATION: devI AryAvatI kA citra (mathurA) lagabhaga 2rI zatI. 822 abhilekha kA hindI rUpAntaraNa varSa 54 (zak saMvat) ke caturtha mAsa (kArtika) kI dazamI ke sarasvatI kI pratimA siMha ke putra govA ne Aryahasta-hastI ke ziSya gaNI Arya mAghahasti ke ziSya vAcaka Arya deva keTTiya sthAnIyakula ke sadupadeza se sarva logo ke kalyANArtha sthApita kI / Mayers LJ244SAR MISTAKAR VAR