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________________ AMBARSANA M E - DaoN0 ke0 ke0 zarmA, hindI vibhAga, udayapura vizva vidyAlaya [prAkRta evaM apabhraMza ke vizeSajJa apabhraMza meM vAkya-saMracanA ke hia (Patterns) jayA vAkya bhASA kI ikAI hai| katipaya vidvAna vAkya ko laghatama ikAI mAnate haiM, anya rUpima ko laghutama ikAI pratipAdita kara vAkya ko rUpima, padabandha, upavAkyAdi kA samuccaya (set) mAnate haiN| kisI bhI bhASA meM vAkya bhASAgata gaThana ke vaiziSTya para AdhRta hote haiM / yogAtmaka pravRtti vAlI bhASA ke vAkyoM meM padoM ke sthAna nizcita nahIM hote, arthAbhivyakti ke lie isakI apekSA bhI nahIM hotii| saMskRta yogAtmaka hai, isalie vizleSaNa Adi padabandhoM kA nizcita krama Avazyaka nahIM hai / bANa kI kAdambarI meM vAkya 'asti' athavA 'AsIt' se prArambha hotA hai aura aneka vizeSaNa padabandhoM ke uparAnta vizeSya AtA hai / saMskRta meM kartA, karma Adi apanI-apanI vizeSa arthavyaMjaka vibhaktiyoM se yukta hote haiM ataH vAkya kahI jAne vAlI ikAI meM inheM kahIM bhI rakhA jA sakatA hai, unakA artha avyavahita hI rahatA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki apabhraMza taka Ate-Ate saMskRta kI kucha vibhaktiyA~ parasargoM kA rUpa grahaNa kara thIM. apabhraMza meM kaI vibhakti rUpa samApta ho gye| jahA~ saMskRta meM ekavacana, bahavacana meM sabhI kArakoM ke saMjJA rUpa paraspara nizcita pArthakya rakhate haiM, vahA~ prAkRta, apabhraMza meM aneka kArakoM kI vibhaktiyA~ eka-sI ho gaI haiN| isake atirikta sambandhakAraka meM keraka, kera, kerA; karaNa meM so, sajo, saha; sampradAna meM kehi, adhikaraNa meM mA~jha, uppari jaise parasargoM kA prayoga bhI apabhraza ke adhyetAoM ne pAyA hai| saMskRta tiGanta rUpoM ke sthAna para kRdanta rUpoM kA pracalana adhikatA se hone lagA thaa| vartamAna aura bhaviSya meM tiGanta tadbhava rUpa rahe, anyatra kRdanta rUpa hI cle| 'u' tathA hu~ kramaza: u0 pu0 eka va0 aura ba0 va0 kI vibhaktiyA~ haiN| prAkRta, apabhraMza kiJcit ayogAtmaka hone lagI thiiN| kiJcita maiMne isalie kahA ki vAkyagata prayogoM meM adhikatA saMyogAtmaka rUpoM kI hI hai| padabandhoM ke prayoga meM, prAkRta aura apabhraMza meM eka
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________________ apabhraMza meM vAkya-saMracanA ke sA~ce nizcita vyavasthA hai / anta:kendrita (endocentric) aura bahiSkendrita (exocentric) donoM hI prakAra kI vAkya-saMracanAe~ prAkRta, apabhraMza meM milatI haiM / mUla vAkya sarala hote haiM, jaTilatA vizeSaNa padabandhoM athavA kriyA padabandhoM ke samAyojana se utpanna hotI hai| DaoN0 bholAzaMkara vyAsa ne 'saMskRta kA bhASA-zAstrIya adhyayana' grantha meM saMskRta bhASA ke 'vAkya' para bhI vicAra kiyA hai| unhoMne prAsaMgika rUpa se apabhraMza kI vAkyaracanA ke viSaya meM likhA hai"prAkRta meM vAkya-racanA saMskRta paripATI kA pAlana karatI hai / parantu apabhraMza meM kartA, karma, karaNa Adi kArakoM ke lie eka nizcita sthAna raha gayA / " DaoN0 vyAsa kA yaha kathana vyApakataH pravRtta nahIM hotA, jaisA ki Age prastuta udAharaNoM se spaSTa ho gayA / apabhraMza kI vAkyaracanA meM kartA, karma, karaNAdi kA eka nizcita sthAna nahIM hai / hA~, vAkya-saMracanA meM kucha sA~coM (Patterns) kA Avartana avazya milatA hai| yaha "kucha sA~coM" kA Avartana to pratyeka bhASA meM hotA hai, kisI bhI bhASA meM asaMkhya sA~ce nahIM hote / mAnava-mastiSka katipaya mUla sA~coM ko smaraNa rakhatA hai, unhIM ke AdhAra para kiJcita hera-phera kara asaMkhya sA~ce banA letA hai| ataH prAkRta-apabhraMza meM bhI kucha sA~ce haiM, saMskRta meM bhI haiN| pratyeka kavi athavA lekhaka ke kucha vizeSa sA~ce hote haiM jo usa kavi vizeSa ke sandarbha meM zailIcinhaka (style marker) kahalAte haiM / saMskRta meM kAla aura laMkAra kA vizeSa prayoga nizcita thaa| saMjJA kI bhA~ti sarvanAma aura vizeSaNa prayukta hote the / karmavAcya meM kartA ke lie tRtIyA kA prayoga hotA hai, kartRvAcya meM kartA ke lie prathamA kA / "jahA~ sattArthaka kriyA kA vartamAne prayoga hotA hai yaha kriyA prayukta nahIM hotii| kintu aisI dazA meM uddezya ko vidheya ke pUrva rakhate haiN| jaise 'sa: puruSaH zUraH' meM 'asti' kI apekSA hai, 'zUraH : puruSaH' meM asti kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / isa prakAra ke prayogoM meM vizeSaka sarvanAma kA prayoga sadaiva hotA hai|" prAkRta-apabhraMza meM bhI yaha pravRtti hai| prastuta prasaMga meM, apabhraMza meM upalabdha katipaya vAkya-saMracanAoM ko parIkSaNArtha upasthita kiyA jA rahA hai| inase apabhraMza kI vAkyavinyAsa-vyavasthA kA svarUpa prakaTa hotA hai| Adhunika AryabhASAoM meM ayogAtmakatA ke kAraNa vAkya / meM padoM kA sthAna nizcita hai| hindI meM niyamata: pahale kartA, phira karma, anta meM kriyA AtI hai| kAvyabhASA meM krama kA vyatyaya hotA hai, para sAmAnya kathana meM sthAna nizcita hI hai| apabhraMza ko kartRvAcya saMracanAe~ apabhraMza meM sAmAnya vAkya kartA+karma+kriyA athavA kartA+kriyA hI hotA hai| parantu saMyogAtmaka hone ke kAraNa anya krama bhI dikhalAI par3ate haiN| svayaMbhUdeva racita 'paumacariu' meM aise prayoga zatazaH haiN| 'pabhaNai sAyarabuddhi bhaDArau'--(1)[paumacariu 21 vIM sandhi] uparyukta vAkya meM eka kriyA hai 'pabhaNai' aura 'sAyarabuddhi bhaDArau' kartA hai| yaha kartA aura kriyA se yukta laghutama vAkya hai / 'bhaTTAraka' (bhaDArau) bhI haTAyA nahIM jA sktaa| kyoMki prastuta prasaMga meM yaha 'sAyarabuddhi' ke vizeSa artha kA vAcaka hai| isalie pUre 'sAyarabuddhi bhaDArau' ko kartA mAnanA hogA / taba isa sAmAnya vAkya kI saMracanA hogI Ti namand al AircanendradKArum.indianhendra-sdamak.NARA M.50 pApA zrIAnanda abhizApAryapravara abhaH -zrIAnandaintha wirememmammmwammamwammarnama Anomenamen .
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________________ AcArya prava zrI Ananda T Chen to grantha amanda Ayana va abhimana prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya isI vAkya kA vistAra hai-- pabhaNai V paNa sAyarabuddhi bhaDArau, kusumAuha-sara-pasara NivArau - ( 2 ) L -1--- 2 rekhAMkita aMza (1) vizeSya padabandha hai tathA rekhAMkita aMza (2) vizeSaNa padabandha / sAmAnyataH vizeSaNa padabandha pahale aura vizeSya padabandha bAda meM rakhA jAtA hai / saMskRta meM aisA koI bandhana nahIM hai / vizeSa artha kI vyaMjanA ke lie vizeSaNa padabandha ko bAda meM bhI rakhA jAtA hai / uparyukta saMracanA meM chanda kI apekSA se ( kyoMki donoM meM mAtrAe~ 16-16 hI haiM / ) vizeSaNa padabandha bAda meM nahIM rakhA gayA hai / isakA kAraNa sAyarabuddhi kI vizeSatA para bala dene kI icchA hI hai / vAkya ( 2 ) kI saMcaranA VSA hai, yaha VS kA hI vistAra hai | sAyarabuddhi bhaDArau=v s -S parantu sAmAnya vAkya S. V. vAlA rUpa bhI bahu prayukta haiajju vihIsaNu upari esai haiM / taba saMracanA hogI -At - S-- AL-VyahA~ AT =Adjunct of time ( kAlavAcaka vizeSaNa ) AL = Adjunct of bocation ( sthAnavAcaka vizeSaNa ) S = Subject ( kartA ) V = Verb ( kriyA ) (karaNakArakIya) Ins = Instrumental At. S. AL V. yadi AT aura AL ko haTA deM to vAkya - 'vihINu esai ' raha jAtA hai aura saralIkRta saMracanA kA svarUpa S. V. hI prakaTa hotA hai| dhyAtavya hai ki (1) aura (2) vAkya meM Ar. S. V. aura AL kA sthAna bhASA kI ayogAtmakatA se nirdhArita nahIM hai / uparyukta donoM hI vAkyoM meM yogAtmaka rUpa hI prayukta haiM / dasaraha --- jaNaya viNIsarau leppamau thaveppiNu adhpaNau -S --V-- *0 - ( 4 ) [ pa0 ca0 21 vI0 saM0] isa vAkya kI sAmAnya saMracanA bhI S. V. O hI hai / parantu yaha mizrita vAkya hai / karma - padabandha svayaM meM pUrvakAlika kriyA vAlA upavAkya hai / leppamau thaveppiNa 'appaNau', leppamau kA vizeSaNa hai / appaNau O-V-M - (3)
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________________ do upavAkyoM vAlI saMyukta vAkya saMracanA isa prakAra hai ajju vihIsaNu upari AT AL S esai | tumhai~ vihi mi sirahU~ toDesai -V V to sahasatti -Am pUrNa vAkya meM 1 aura 2 upavAkya haiM, parantu inheM saMyukta karane vAlA yojaka nahIM hai| saMracanA hai AT. S. AL V +0. V. uparyukta vAkya meM se 3, 4 aura 5 meM S. V krama hI hai / Am. V. S kA udAharaNa hai palittu khaggehiM -Ins vANehi saMracanA V. S. Am. hai / sohai -V pekhantaha Naravara saMghAya hu~- - (7) isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki svayaMbhUdeva ne kartRvAcya meM do prakAra kI hI saMracanAe~ prayukta kI haiM, SV aura V. S., inameM vistAra hue haiN| V. S vAlI saMracanA saMskRta vAkya racanA ke prabhAvasvarUpa bhI ho sakatI hai / parIkSaNArtha AcArya puSpadanta kI racanAoM se bhI katipaya udAharaNa lie jA sakate haiM / puSpadanta kA samaya navIM sadI hai / nAgakumAra aura durvacana ke yuddha-prasaMga meM puSpadanta ne atyanta sarala vAkyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai mANusa sarIra --S apabhraMza meM vAkya saMracanA ke sA~ce chidaMti --V-- vidhaMti jalaharu S O sahapola vihIsaNu - - (6) -S -0+v haraM varu vaMbhaNu Navi maiM ( hU~) brAhmaNa nahIM sille hiM --Ins-- "phara ehi suradhaNu bhidati -V rudhaMti -Am chAyae -(=) 81 - ( 2 ) - (5) -- (10) saMracanA S. V hai / yadi uparyukta saMracanAoM meM padakrama meM parivartana bhI kara diyA jAye to artha meM antara nahIM hogA / muni rAmasiMha kI racanAoM meM bhI vAkya saMracanA yahI hai - ( 11 ) isa vAkya meM kriyA sArvanAmika pratyaya 'uM' se hI vyakta ho rahI hai| sArvanAmika pratyayoM ke yoga se kriyA dvArA puruSa aura liMga kI sUcanA kI pravRtti saMskRta meM bhI hai aura Adhunika Arya bhASAoM meM bhI / zrI Ananda antha zrI Ananda we K phra AyAyapravara abhinaMdana Ju
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________________ ----uniaNAAJanmanNAamannarammaAAAJANAMAANJAJANSARDADODainbo.. AcAryapravara AcAryaprakAra zrIAnangra nthazrAAnandAgrantha 10 mommymamimmoramirmwarma 23 82 prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kAsu samAhi karauM ko aMcauM --(12) kisakI samAdhi karU kise pUjU ina prayogoM meM bhI padakrama meM antara karane se artha-bheda nahIM hotA / muni kanakAmara ke prayoga dekheN| kanakAmara kA samaya 11vIM sadI kA madhya mAnA gayA hai| sA sohai siya jala kuDilavanti -(13) -S - -VsaMracanA S. V. Am. AcArya hemacandra kA samaya bArahavIM sadI hai| hemacandra kI racanAoM meM saMyogAtmaka rUpa hI prayukta hue haiM viNumaNasuddhie lahai na sivu jaNu -(14) uparyukta vAkya ke sabhI pada saMzliSTa haiN| ise yoM bhI likhA jA sakatA hai athavA anya krama se bhI lahai na sivu jaNu viNumaNasuddhie athavA-jaNu sivu lahai na viNumaNasuddhie isase apabhraMza kI saMyogAtmaka sthiti jJAta hotI hai| ayogAtmaka saMracanAe~ bahuta kama haiN| niSkarSataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki svatantra kAraka cinhoM ke vikasita hone para bhI apabhraMza kI vAkyasaMracanA meM saMyogAtmaka sthitijanya pravRtti kI hI pradhAnatA rhii| kartRvAcya saMracanAoM meM-v.s athavA S. V. hI adhikatara prayukta huiiN| karmavAcya saMracanAe~ karmavAcya saMracanAoM meM kartA tRtIyA meM hotA hai aura kriyA ke vacana, liMga aura puruSa kA nirdhAraNa karma ke anusAra hotA hai, arthAt karmavAcya kI kriyA ko _On-p-g AAI ___V sUtra se vyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa sUtra meM V kriyA pada hai, 0-karma hai tathA n=number, p=person tathA g=gender ke sUcaka haiM / arthAt kriyA, karma ke vacana, puruSa tathA liMga se nirdhArita hogii| kartA karaNakAraka meM hogA, isakA liMga, vacana aura puruSa svatantra hogaa| eka udAharaNa dekheM Niyai~ siraI vijjAhareMhiM -~--V...- -0- - -- 'vijjAhareMhiM' bahu0 va0 tRtIyA kA rUpa hai, isameM 'vijjAhara' (vidyAdhara) ke antya 'a' ko vikalpa se 'e' hokara tRtIyA ba0 va0 kI vibhakti hi lagane se rUpa banA vijjAharohiM / NiyaI' kriyA pada, karma siraI ke anurUpa hai / taba vAkyasaMkhyA 15 kI saMracanA hogI
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________________ On-P-G V isI prakAra kA anya prayoga hai vAkya meM bhI yahI saMracanA hai o duTTu kalattu va bhuttu -0- _V bharahu cavantu on-p-G isa vAkya ke pUrva karma A cukA hai, yahA~ kartA kA sthAnI 'duTTu kalattu' hai ata: kriyA ' bhuttu' bhI 'duTTa kalattu' kI anuvartanI hai| isa vAkya kI saMracanA hai On-P-G V S O S diTThI - V--- S apabhraMza meM vAkya - saMracanA ke sA~ce Ins-G-N-p Inst gaMgANai 1o. v. puNNeNa hoi vihao V. O. S NivAriuM ___V---- v. O. O. Ins-G-N-P Ins V G-N-P karmavAcya saMracanA meM O. S. V sA~cA bhI ho sakatA hai, jaise nimnalikhita vAkya meMsAyarabuddhi vihIsaNeNa paripucchiu - ( 18 ) --0---- -S -V jaMta eNa --S-- ahi -S karmavAcya saMracanAoM meM S. O aura V ke krama kI yaha svatantratA yogAtmaka bhASAoM meM hI sambhava hai / - [ muni kanakAmara ] ( 19 ) O. V. S. v. O. bhAvavAcya meM kriyA sadaiva eka va0 pulliMga meM rahatI hai / rajjeM gammaI Nicca -VC/- -AT - rAe -S V. - [ muni rAmasiMha ] ( 20 ) isa prakAra dekhA jA sakatA hai ki karmavAcya kI vAkya saMracanA ke tIna pramukha avayava haiM -SO. aura V / saMyogAtmaka bhASAoM meM inake nimnalikhita krama sambhava haiM 1. S. 2. S. 3. 4. - (16) - ( 17 ) goyahoM --AL-- 83 - ( 21 / alo rAS Bu upAya agadI sAmAna Amada zrI Ananda HYYYY.
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________________ AcAryapraaas sAdhAryapravara Abhanandana zrIAnandasanyazrIAnandana 84 prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya VvvimavIVINYiwimmy.viraimermanor TV - -3 - - V yaha sUcita karatA hai ki kriyA kartA athavA karma Adi se mukta hai| kabhI-kabhI vizeSaNa aura vizeSya ke bIca anya padabandha A jAtA hai, para artha-abhivyakti meM bAdhA nahIM par3atI, kyoMki vizeSaNa aura vizeSya sama-vibhaktika hote haiM jayasiri mANaNaho kaheM kettaDau kAlu acalu jau jIviu rajju dasA dasANaNahoM -- - - --- 2 - -- upayukta udAharaNa meM aMza 1, aMza 4 kA vizeSaNa hai, donoM ke bIca karma padabandha hai| parantu mANaNahoM kI 'ho' SaSThI eka0 va0 kI vibhakti aura dasANaNahoM meM bhI usI vibhakti 'hoM ke kAraNa vizeSaNa-vizeSya bhAva spaSTa ho jAtA hai| anyatra bhI vizeSaNa-vizeSya kI samavaibhaktikatA ke pramANa milate haiM __ duggai-gAmiu rajju Na bhumi --(22) ----Mo-- - - -v'rajju' (rAjya) karma hai / duggai-gAmiu (durgatigAmI) karma kA vizeSaNa (Modifier) hai / donoM meM samAna vibhakti cinha 'u' hai / AcArya hemacandra ke nimnalikhita sUtra se karma. eka va0 meM 'u' kI isa sthiti kI sUcanA milatI hai 'syamorasyAta' parantu yaha sUtra antya 'a' ko hI 'u' kA Adeza karatA hai / prAkRta meM bhI vAkya-vinyAsa meM kartA+kriyA vi0+kriyA sA~cA prayukta hotA rahA hai'se Na kiNe na kiNAkiNaMtaM na samaNujANai' --(23) [AcArAMga sUtra, pR0 262, saM0-muni samadarzI] 'AvaMtI keyAvaMtI loyaMsi apariggahAvaMtI' --(24) [vahI, pR0 428] S ataH kartRvAcya aura karmavAcya ke ye sAMce prAkRta-apabhraMza meM calate rahe haiN| vastutaH jaisA vidvAnoM ne kahA hai 'apabhraMza meM ayogAtmakatA ho gaI thI', vaisA hai nahIM / apabhraMza ke vAkya sA~ce, jaisA ki uparyukta udAharaNoM se siddha hotA hai, use yogAtmaka koTi kI janabhASA hI siddha karate haiN| taba bhI apabhraMza ke apane sA~ce haiM, apanI vyavasthA hai| inameM se katipaya kA digdarzana uparyakta vivecana meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai|