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________________ apabhraMza sAhitya meM rAmakathA DaoN devendrakumAra jaina, zAnti nivAsa, 114, uSA nagara, indaura (ma0 pra0) apabhraMza rAmakAvya paramparA vastutaH jaina rAma-kAvya paramparA hai jo paramparAgata jainakAvya paramparA se prabhAvita hai| jaina saskRta sAhitya meM rAmakathA kI do dhArAe~ haiM-eka raviSeNa rAmakathA kI dhArA aura dUsarI AcArya guNabhadra kI dhaaraa| aitihAsika dRSTi se vimalasUri kI rAmakathA (parimacariu) purAnI hai, parantu apabhraMza kavi jo (jo pramukhataH digambara jaina haiM) usakA ullekha nahIM krte| apabhraMza meM ina dhArAoM ke prathama pratinidhi kavi haiM svayaMbhU aura puSpadaMta / rAmakathA para likhita kAvya-paramparA ke Adi kavi vAlmIki haiM, vimalasari (prAkRta), raviSeNa (saMskRta) aura svayaMbhU (apabhraMza) kI rAmakathA, moTetaura para vAlmIki kI kathA kA anasaraNa karatI haiN| dUsarI dhArA ke kavi bhI kucha prasaMgoM aura pAtroM ke viSaya meM vAlmIki rAmAyaNa se anuprANita haiN| isa prakAra upalabdha pramANoM ke AdhAra para Adi rAmAyaNa-rAmakAvya aura kathA kA pahalA likhita srota hai| jaba jainakavi gautama gaNadhara se paramata prasiddha (vastutaH lokapriya) rAmakathA kI tulanA meM jainamata kI rAmakathA kA svarUpa pUchate haiM, to paramata kI rAmakathA se unakA abhiprAya vAlmIki kI rAmakathA se hI hotA hai| apabhraMza meM, svayaMbhU aura puSpadaMta-rAmakathA kI donoM dhArAoM ke prathama pravartaka aura prasiddha kavi haiM, unake bAda dUsare kaviyoM ne bhI racanAe~ kI haiM, parantu bhASA aura samaya kI dRSTi se ina donoM kaviyoM kI racanAoM kA vizeSa mahattva hai, ataH yahA~ mukhya rUpa se unhIM ke rAmakathA-kAvyoM vizleSaNa karanA ucita hai| apanI rAmakathA kA srota batAte hue svayaMbhU kahate haiM ki mahAvIra bhagavAn ke mukharUpI parvata se pravahamAna isa kathArUpI nadI ko sabase pahale gaNadharoM ne dekhA, bAda meM AcArya indrabhUti se lekara anuttaravAgmI kIrtidhara ne usameM avAgahana kiyaa| AcArya raviSeNa (saMskRta padmacarita ke racayitA) ke prasAda se maiMne bhI apanI buddhi se isakA avagAhana kiyaa| svayaMbhU kI yaha paramparA raviSeNa kI paramparA se milatI hai, kyoMki unhoMne indrabhUti ke bAda dhAraNI ke putra sudharmA aura anuttaravAgmI kIrtidhara kA ullekha kiyA hai (padmacarita, parva 1, zloka 40-42) / paumacariu ke anusAra rAjA zreNika gautama gaNadhara se kahate haiM ki dUsare matoM meM rAghava kI kathA ulTI sunI jAtI hai, batAiye vaha jinamata meM kisa prakAra pAyI jAtI hai / puSpadaMta ke mahApurANa meM rAmakathA ke prasaMga para bhI zreNika yaha prazna uThAtA hai gautama pomacaritu bhuvaNi pavittu payAsahi / jiha siddhattha sueNa diTThauM tihi mahu bhAsahi / / he gautama ! vizva meM prasiddha padmacaritra kA prakAzana kIjie, jisa rUpa meM siddhArthaputra (mahAvIra) ne use dekhA hai, usa rUpa meM mujha btaaiye| isa prakAra rAmakathA bhinna-bhinna hote hae bhI donoM kaviyoM ke rAmakathA kA kAvya sRjana kA uddezya samAna hai aura yaha ki paramata meM prasiddha rAmakathA ke viparIta, jinamata meM prasiddha rAmakathA kA nirUpaNa karanA / prazna
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________________ 468 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana anya : paMcama khaNDa - -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-. hai ki kyA samAna srota se nikalane vAlI eka kathA, eka hI mata meM mUla rUpa se bhinna ho sakatI hai ? yadi nahIM to, prazna hai ki kyA kaviyoM kA yaha dAvA jhUThA mAnA jAye ki unakA srota samAna hai ? yadi eka hI srota se vikasita kathA bhinna ho sakatI hai, to kise sahI mAnA jAye, aura kise * lata ? dUsaroM ke mata meM prasiddha rAmakathA kA khaNDana karane ke pahale, yaha Avazyaka hai ki jinamata kI vAstavika rAmakathA kA svarUpa nirdhArita kiyA jAye ? caraNAnuyoga ke nAma para jo kucha jaina purANasAhitya likhita hai, usakA mUlasrota mahAvIra ke mukharUpI parvata se nikalI vANI se jor3A jAtA hai| isakA itanA hI artha hai ki mUlakathA kA srota samAna hote hue bhI usameM dezakAla ke anusAra kucha na kucha jur3atA rhaa| yahI usake jIvanta aura prAsaMgika hone kI sabase bar3I zakti hai / svayaMbhU kA yaha kathana mahattvapUrNa aura vAstavikatA ko ujAgara karane vAlA hai ki unhoMne bhI apanI buddhi se rAmakathA kA avagAhana kiyaa| jisa prakAra koI nadI parvata se nikalakara jaba bahatI hai, to samudra meM milane ke pUrva kaI koNa aura mor3a banAtI hai, usI prakAra eka samAna srota se nikalane para bhI rAmakathA rUpI nadI, kAla aura paristhitiyoM ke anurUpa kaI koNa aura AkAra grahaNa karatI hai ? udgama ke satya aura gati ke satya meM antara hogA hii| vAlmIki, vimalasUri, raviSeNa aura svayaMbhU kI rAmakathA kA mukhya DhA~cA lagabhaga samAna hai, avAntara prasaMgoM, mAnyatAoM aura caritroM kI avatAraNAoM meM antara ho sakatA hai| svayaMbhU kI rAmakathA ayodhyA se prArambha hotI hai| rAjA dazaratha ayodhyA ke rAjA haiM aura rAvaNa laMkA kaa| sAgarabuddhi nimittajJAnI se yaha jAnakara ki dazaratha ke putroM dvArA, janaka kI putrI ke kAraNa, rAvaNa mArA jAyegA, vibhISaNa donoM rAjAoM ke vadha kA SaDayantra racatA hai| nArada muni yaha khabara dazaratha aura janaka ko dete haiN| ve donoM apane putale sthApita kara apane nagaroM se bhAga jAte haiM / svayaMvara meM kaikeyI dazaratha ke gale se varamAlA DAlatI hai| dUsare pratiyogI rAjA usa para hamalA karate haiN| zatruoM kA sAmanA karate samaya kaikeyI dazaratha ke ratha ko hAMkatI hai| jItane para dazaratha kaikeyI ko varadAna dete haiM, jinheM vaha surakSita rakhatI hai| putaloM ke sira kaTavAkara vibhISaNa samajhatA hai ki khatarA Tala gyaa| dazaratha ayodhyA vApasa A jAte haiN| cAra rAniyoM se unake cAra putra haiM, aparAjitA se rAma, sumitrA se lakSmaNa, kaikeyI se bharata, aura suprabhA se zatrughna / rAjA janaka kI do saMtAneM haiM-bhAmaMDala aura siitaa| putra kA, pUrvajanma kA duzmana apaharaNa karake le jAtA hai| eka bAra rAjA janaka bhIloM aura puliMdoM se ghira jAte haiN| sahAyatA mAMgane para rAma aura lakSmaNa janaka kI rakSA karate haiN| unakI icchA hai ki rAma se sItA kA vivAha kara diyA jAye parantu dabAva ke kAraNa unheM svayaMvara kA Ayojana karanA par3atA hai| sItA rAma kA varaNa karatI hai / isa avasara para rAjA zazivardhana apanI 18 kanyAe~ lekara upasthita hotA hai, jinameM se ATha lakSmaNa aura zeSa dasa dUsare bhAiyoM se vivAhita hotI haiM / bur3hApA Ane para dazaratha rAma ko sattA sauMpa kara jaina dIkSA grahaNa karanA cAhate haiM, parantu kaikeyI bharata ko rAjA banAne kA prastAva karatI hai| pitA kI AjJA pAkara, manA karane para bhI bharata ke sira para rAjapaTTa bAMdhakara rAma vanavAsa ke lie cala par3ate haiN| unake sAtha sItA aura lakSmaNa haiM / unakA pahalA par3Ava siddhavarakUTa meM hotA hai| bharata aura kaikeyI unheM manAne Ate haiM, parantu rAma unheM lauTAkara, Age bar3hate haiN| daNDakavana meM pahu~cane ke pUrva ve dazapura (sihodara vajrakarNa) tApasavana, citrakUTa, bhillarAja rudrabhakti, yakSa dvArA rAmapurI kI sthApanA, sughoSA vINA kI prApti, jIvanta nagara, nadyAvarta meM vidrohI anaMtavIrya ko bharata ke adhIna banAnA, kSemaMjalInagara, dezabhUSaNa-kulabhUSaNa muniyoM kA upasarga dUra karanA, AhAradAna, ratnoM kI varSA, jaTAyu ke sunahale paMkha honA, sItA kA use apane pAsa rakhanA, usake pUrvabhava kathana -Adi prasaMgoM meM se gujarate haiN| daNDakavana meM unakI yAtrA dUsarA mor3a letI hai / ghUmate hue lakSmaNa ko bAMsoM ke jhuramuTa meM candrahAsa khaDga dikhAyI detA hai, use uThAkara ve jhuramuTa para prahAra karate haiN| usameM sAdhanA karate hue zaMbUka ke do Tukar3e ho jAte haiN| usakI mA~ candranakhA (rAvaNa kI bahana) AgababUlA hokara lakSmaNa ke pAsa jAtI hai| parantu unakA rUpa dekhakara, vaha mohita ho uThatI hai| ThukarAI jAne para vaha khara dUSaNa ko putravadha kI khabara detI hai, vaha rAvaNa ko patra likhakara yuddha karatA hai| rAvaNa yuddha ke lie AtA hai, parantu sItA kA rUpa dekhakara lar3anA to dUra usake apaharaNa kI yojanA
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________________ apabhraMza sAhitya meM rAma-kathA 466 ................ ..................................... .. . ... . .... banAtA hai| siMhanAda ke chala se sItA ke apaharaNa meM saphala hotA hai| khara dUSaNa ko mArane ke bAda jaba rAma lakSmaNa vApasa lauTate haiM to sItA ko na pAkara bhaucakke raha jAte haiN| unheM maraNAsanna jaTAyu milatA hai| NamokAra mantra sunAkara ve usakI miTTI ThikAne lagAte haiM / sItA ke viyoga meM vyAkula rAma ko jaina muni samajhAte haiM, parantu una para koI asara nahIM hotaa| rAma kI virAdhita se bheMTa hotI hai, jo unakA paricaya sugrIva se karAtA hai| rAma sugrIva kI sahAyatA karate haiN| vadale meM vaha sItA kI khoja karatA hai| bhAmaMDala ke anucara ratnakezI se use sItA kA patA calatA hai| rAma hanumAna kI sahAyatA prApta karate haiN| hanumAna laMkA jAte haiM, jahA~ kaI rAkSasoM se bhir3ata aura laMkAsundarI se praNaya ke bAda ve vibhISaNa se milate haiM / jisa samaya vaha sItA ke darzana karate haiM, usa samaya vaha maMdodarI ko jabAba de rahI thii| loka maryAdA aura svAbhimAna ke kAraNa vaha hanumAna ke sAtha nahIM jaatii| rAvaNa ko phaTakArane aura udyAna ko ujAr3ane ke bAda hanumAna vApasa Akara sArA vRttAnta rAma ko sunAte haiN| rAma unheM punaH dUta banAkara bhejate haiM / anta meM ve laMkA para car3hAI karate haiM / rAvaNa mArA jAtA hai| usakA dAha-saMskAra kara, tathA zokAkula parivAra ko samajhAkara ve vibhISaNa ko rAjapATa dete haiN| ayodhyA vApasa Ane para bharata jinadIkSA grahaNa karatA hai / lokApavAda ke kAraNa rAjA rAma sItA kA nirvAsana kara dete haiN| vajrajaMgha ke Azraya meM sItA lava aura kuza ko janma detI hai / digvijaya ke sandarbha meM unakA rAma lakSmaNa se yuddha hotA hai| pahacAna hone para rAma unheM gale lagAte haiN| agni parIkSA ke bAda rAma ke sAtha rahane ke bajAya sItA bhAgavatI dIkSA grahaNa kara anta meM marakara 16veM svarga meM janma letI hai| lakSmaNa ke nidhana se saMtapta rAma bhI dIkSA le kara mokSa prApta karate haiN| ___ jahA~ taka puSpadaMta kI rAma-kathA kA sambandha hai, vaha unake mahApurANa kA aMga hai| unakI rAma-kathA, rAma, lakSmaNa, sItA ke pUrvabhavoM se prArambha hotI hai| pUrvajanma meM ratnapura ke rAjA prajApati kA putra candracUla zrIdatta kI patnI kA apaharaNa karatA hai| Age vahI rAma ke rUpa meM janma letA hai| puSpadaMta ke anusAra rAma ke janma ke samaya dazaratha kAzI ke rAjA the| kisI asurarAjA ke dvArA ayodhyA chIna lie jAne para dazaratha ko kAzI AgA pdd'aa| subalA se rAma kA aura kaikeyI se lakSmaNa kA janma hotA hai| dUsarI do rAniyoM se bharata aura zatrughna janma lete haiN| pazuyajJa ke silasile meM rAma aura lakSmaNa janakapurI jAte haiN| yajJa kI rakSA ke phalasvarUpa janaka sItA kA vivAha rAma se kara dete haiM, isake alAvA unheM sAta kanyAe~ aura prApta hotI haiN| sItA vastuta: janaka kI asalI kanyA nahIM hai| vaha rAvaNa kI kanyA hai, aniSTa kI AzaMkA se use videha meM gar3avA diyA jAtA hai, jo eka kisAna ke mAdhyama se janaka ko prApta hotI hai / ayodhyA lauTane para, rAma pitA kI anumati prApta 'kAzIrAjya' para kabjA karane jAte haiM / lakSmaNa, sItA unake sAtha haiM / kAzI kI janatA unakA purajora svAgata karatI hai| hAthI ke udyAna meM jaba rAma aura sItA basaMta krIr3A kara rahe the, taba nArada se prerita hokara rAvaNa sItA ko pAne ke lie vahA~ pahu~catA hai| pahale vaha vidyAdharI candranakhA ko phusalAne ke lie bhejatA hai| jaba vidyAdharI asaphala lauTatI hai, to rAvaNa mArIca ko svarNamRga banAkara usake chala se sItA kA apaharaNa kara letA hai / lAkha pratirodhoM ke bAvajUda, vaha unheM laMkA le AtA hai| sItA khAnApInA chor3a detI hai| sItA ke apaharaNa se rAma dukhI haiM / svapna dekhakara sItA ke apaharaNa kI bAta dazaratha ko mAlUma ho jAtI hai, ve bharata aura zatrughna ko sahAyatA ke lie bhejate haiM / janaka bhI A jAte haiM / sugrIva bhI sazarta sahAyatA ke lie AtA hai| hanumAna bhI vacana detA hai| vaha sItA kI khoja meM jAtA hai| pahacAna kI aMgUThI dikhAkara, sItA ko sArA hAla batAtA hai| hanumAna ko dubArA dautya ke lie rAvaNa ke pAsa bhejA jAtA hai| anta meM yuddha hotA hai jisameM rAvaNa mArA jAtA hai| usakA dAha-saMskAra aura vibhISaNa ko sAMtvanA dekara rAma sItA ko lekara vApasa A jAte haiN| rAma kI ATha aura lakSmaNa ko solaha hajAra rAniyA~ thIM / anta meM sItA jinadIkSA letI hai| donoM kathAoM kI tulanA se spaSTa hai, samAna srota hote hue-unameM paryApta aura mUlabhUta bhinnatA hai| srota kI bAta philahAla chor3a deM, to svayaMbhU kI rAmakathA kI paramparA spaSTa aura prasiddha hai| rAma ke jIvana ko saMgharSamaya aura
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________________ . 500 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa -.-.-. -. -.-.-.-. -.-... udAtta banAne vAlI ghaTanAeM. (vanavAsa, sItA kA nirvAsana) puSpadaMta kI rAmakathA meM nahIM hai| sItA kA apaharaNa hai, parantu vaha sAmaMtavAda kI sAmAnya pravRtti hai, jisameM hara tAkatavara rAjA kisI bhI vivAhita, avivAhita sundarI ko apane bhoga kI cIja samajhatA hai / lagatA hai puSpadaMta kA uddezya rAma lakSmaNa kA varNana, balabhadra aura vAsudeva ke paramparAgata rUpa meM karanA hai, jisameM tAmajhAma aura alaMkaraNa hai| svayaMbhU rAmakathA kA cayana mAnavIya aura sAMskRtika mUlyoM kI abhivyakti ke lie karate haiM / puSpadaMta ne mahApurANa ke nAbheya cariu meM sAMskRtika mUlyoM ko abhivyakti dI haiM / isa bAta se donoM rAmakathAoM ke lekhaka sahamata haiM ki rAma aura sItA jo kucha duHkha jhelanA par3A, vaha pUrvajanma ke karma ke kAraNa / parantu usameM unakI sahamati kA prazna nahIM hai kyoMki yaha to karmadarzana kA sAmAnya siddhAnta hai| rAma ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana svayaMbhU bhI karate haiM jo sunaMdA se zurU hotA hai, jise pitA sAgaradatta dhanadatta ko denA cAhatA hai, jabaki mA~ ratnaprabhA zrIkAnta ko| usakA bhAI vasudeva dhanadatta para hamalA kara baiThatA hai, isa prakAra kaI janmAntaroM meM rAga-dveSa kI Aga meM jhalasate rahane ke bAda ve rAma, lakSmaNa aura sItA ke rUpa meM janma lete haiN| yaha donoM ko mAnya hai ki kaikeyI ne dazaratha kA varaNa kiyA thaa| vartamAna jIvana kI taraha, pUrvabhavoM kA jIvana bhI donoM kathAoM meM mela nahIM khaataa| yaha naI bAta hai ki puSpadaMta ke anusAra lakSmaNa kaikeyI kA beTA hai| unakI kathA meM bharata kA caritra gauNa bhI nahIM hai| hAlAMki puSpadaMta kA prArambhika kathana hai ki maiM rAma aura rAvaNa ke usa yuddha kA varNana karatA hU~ jisameM rAma kA yaza, lakSmaNa kA pauruSa, sItA kA satItva, sItA kA apaharaNa, hanumAna kA guNa vistAra, kapaTI sugrIva kA maraNa, lavaNa-samudra kA saMtaraNa, nizAcara vaMza kA nAza hai tathA jo bhakti se bhare hue bharata ke lie nAnA rasabhAvoM kA janaka hai| puSpadanta ne rAmakathA prArambha karate samaya, svayaMbhU aura caturmukha kA nAma atyanta Adara se liyA hai, parantu ve unakI kathA kA anukaraNa nahIM karate / donoM meM rAmakathA bhaviSya kathana se jur3I huI hai| sItA kA janma vivAdAspada hai, Adi kavi use dharatI kI beTI mAnate haiM, saMbhavataH yaha usakA pratIka nAma hai| Akhira dharatI kI taraha usane jIvana meM kyA nahIM sahA ? dUsare hindU purANa (mahAbhArata, harivaMza Adi rAmAyaNa bhI) use janaka kI putrI mAnate haiN| raviSeNa aura svayaMbhU kA yahI mata hai| uttarapurANa, viSNupurANa, mahAbhAgavata purANa, kazmIrI-tibbatI rAmAyaNa aura khotAnI rAmAyaNa meM sItA rAvaNa kI putrI batAI gaI hai| dazaratha jAtaka (jAvA) ke rAma, keliMgamalaya ke serIrAma ke anusAra sItA dazaratha kI putrI hai| adbhuta rAmAyaNa ke anusAra daMDakAraNya ke muni gRtsamada eka strI kI prArthanA para, dUdha ko abhimaMtrita kara ghar3e meM rakhane lge| eka dina rAvaNa ne una para vijaya pAne ke lie muni ke zarIra se tIroM se rakta nikAla kara ghar3A bhara liyA aura vaha use ghara le aayaa| maMdodarI use pI letI hai, jisase garbha raha jAtA hai / sItA kA prasava hone para vaha vimAna se jAkara kurukSetra meM gAr3a AtI hai, jo bAda meM janaka ko milii| dazaratha jAtaka ke anusAra vArANasI ke rAjA dazaratha ke do putra rAma paMDita aura lakSmaNa aura putrI sItA thii| pahalI rAnI ke marane para vaha dUsarA vivAha karate haiM usase bharata kA janma huaa| rAjA ne use vara de rakhA thA / vaha bharata ke lie rAjya kI mAMga karatI hai, jaba vaha pratidina mAMga karane lagI to dazaratha ne rAma lakSmaNa aura sItA ko bAraha varSa ke lie kisI dUsare ke rAjya meM rahane ke lie kahA / jaba ve himAlaya kI tarAI meM raha rahe the, to nau varSa meM dazaratha kA nidhana ho gayA (hAlAMki bhaviSyavANI ke anusAra unheM 12 sAla meM maranA thaa)| bharata ke anurodha karane para bhI rAmapaMDita 12 varSa bAda hI vApasa aae| tIna varSa taka tRNapAdukAe~ rakhakara rAjakAja karate rhe| rAmapaMDita lauTakara sItA se vivAha karate haiM / 16 hajAra varSoM taka rAjya karane ke bAda ve svarga jAte haiN| anta meM buddha kahate haiM ki usa samaya zuddhodana dazaratha the, mahAmAyA (buddha kI mAtA) rAma kI mAtA, yazodharA (sItA) aura Ananda bharata the| merI dRSTi meM yaha buddha ke jIvana kI rAma se saMgati baiThAne ke lie gar3hI gaI kathA jJAta hotI hai, parantu isa kathA kA sambandha vArANasI se hai| yaha bAta sahI hai ki prArambha meM rAmakathA sUtra rUpa meM milatI hai jaisAki prAkRta meM pahalI bAra rAmakathA ko kAvya '
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________________ apabhraMza sAhitya meM rAmakathA 501 ................... . -. -.-.-. -. kA rUpa (paumacariya) dene vAle vimalasUri ne likhA hai ki AcArya paramparA se Agata nAmAvalI ke rUpa meM nibaddha jitanA bhI padmacarita hai, maiM usa sabako yathAnukrama se kahatA huuN| NAmAvaliyaNibaddha Ayariya-paraMparAgamaM savvaM / vocchAmi paumacariyaM ahANupugviM samAsena uddezya // vimalasUri ko bhI isakI AvazyakatA taba par3I hogI, jaba dUsare matoM meM usane kAvya kA AkAra grahaNa kara liyA hogA aura vaha dharma pracAra kI lokapriya vidhA ho uThI hogii| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki uttarabhArata meM vAlmIki kI rAmakathA pracalita thI aura dakSiNa bhArata meM uttarapurANa kI / guNabhadra ke anukaraNa para puSpadaMta ne use sAmaMtavAda kI pRSThabhUmi para jainasiddhAntoM ke anurUpa kAvya kA rUpa diyaa| kisI bhI paurANika AkhyAna yA ghaTanA mahattva yahI hai ki vaha samakAlIna cetanA aura loka-vizvAsoM ke mela se nae sRjana kA rUpa grahaNa karane kI kSamatA rakhatI hai / anya dUsare paurANika kaviyoM kI taraha, jainapurANa kaviyoM ko bhI apane sRjana meM isa bAta ke lie saMgharSa karanA par3A ki mUlasrota, paramparA aura nae samakAlIna tathyoM aura prasaMgoM kA sAmaMjasya karate hue ve apane sRjana ko naI bhASA meM kyA AyAma deM ? 000