Advanced Apbhramsa Grammer Part 01

Author(s): Kamalchand Sogani, Shakuntala Jain
Publisher: Apbhramsa Sahitya Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/006931/1

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Advanced Apabhramsa-Grammer (Part - 1) Dr. Kamal Chand Sogani Smt. Shakuntala Jain Wall ddhaajtntreii taatrii jainavidyA saMsthAna zrI mahAvIrajI Apabhramsa Sahitya Academy Jaina Vidya Samsthana Digambara Jaina Atisaya Ksetra Sri Mahaviraji Rajasthan

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Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar ( Part. I) Dr. Kamal Chand Sogani Director Smt. Shakuntala Jain Assistant Director Apabhramsa Sahitya Academy, Jaipur Protect zrI mahAvIrajI Published by Apabhramsa Sahitya Academy Jaina Vidya Samsthana Digambara Jaina Atisaya Ksetra Sri Mahaviraji Rajasthan For Personal & Private Use Only

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Publisher: Apabhramsa Sahitya Academy (Jaina Vidya Samsthana) Digambara Jaina Atisaya Ksetra Sri Mahaviraji Sri Mahaviraji - 322 220 (Rajasthan) 1. Copies From : Jaina Vidya Samsthana Sri Mahaviraji - 322 220 (Rajasthan). Telephone : 07469-2224323 Sahitya Vikraya Kendra Digambara Jaina Nasiyam Bhattarakaji Savai Ramasimha Road, Jaipur - 302 00.4 Tel. : 0141-2385247 All rights reserved First Edition : Price: Rs.500/- [$ 10] Computer Typesetting : Shyam Agarwal A-336, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur - 302 017 (Rajasthan) Ph.: 9887223674 Printed at: Jaipur Printers Pvt. Ltd. M.I. Road, Jaipur - 302 001 Telephone : 0141-2373822, 2362468 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Subject Diacritical Marks Prelude Table of Contents Analysis of Sutras Dedication Introduction Method of Analysis of Sutras Section 1 Declension of Nouns - Sutras 4/331 to 4/354 and 4/330 - Section 2 Declension of Pronouns Sutras 4/355 to 4/381 Appendix-1 Declensional Forms A. Declensional Forms of Nouns B. Declensional Forms of Pronouns Appendix-2 Rules of Combination Utilised in the Sutras Appendix-3 Summary of the Grammatical analysis of Sutras Reference Books For Personal & Private Use Only Page No. V VII XI XIII 1 9 29 44 87 91 108

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| h r r bh mr h lmr ph m d h lmr wr 5 m _ (Anusvara) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) (Visarga) h lmr lHr - hr w m mr lm bh bh lkr h dr For Personal & Private Use Only Consonants a A i I a ai iu u e ai o au u U e ai o au Vowels Diacritical Marks m md fr > mhr w khmr w m yh r y fr w lr 3 bdr d. wr d lkr d myr w

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Prelude We feel great pleasure in placing the book 'Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar' Part-I in the hands of the readers. It goes without saying that "Apabhramsa" language is one of the richest Indo-Aryan languages. It has come to us through Prakrta, the most ancient and sacred language of India. The early Vedic literature is not averse to Prakrta expressions, which indicate its ancient character. It is incontrovertible that Prakrta was the mother-tongue of Mahavira and Buddha, who used this language as the medium of their sermons. Prakrta, the flowing language gave rise to Apabhramsa in course of time. Like Prakrta, Apabhramsa is the language of the masses. Its vast literature in varied literary forms contributes to the dignity and excellence of the cultural heritage of Indian tradition. Svayambhu, Puspadanta, Dhanapala, Vira, Nayanandi, Kanakamara, Joindu, Ramasimha, Hemacandra, Raidhu, etc. are the celebrated literary personalities of Apabhramsa language. In the 6th century A.D., it was the lingua franca of Northern India. From East to West and Kasmir (North) to Maharastra (South), it has served the need of literary world as also of the common men. It is to the credit of Prakrta language that it has given rise to Apabhramsa language from which the modern Indian languages like Sindhi, Panjabi, Marathi, Bengali, Gujarati, Kasmiri, Maithili, Rajasthani, Udiya etc. have Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only vii

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grown. Even the national language Hindi owes its origin to Praksta and Apabhraisa. Most of the literary tendencies in Hindi literature flow from the glorious tradition of Praksta and Apabhramsa language. Thus the relation between PrakstaApabhraiba and Hindi is very intimate. In consequence, the proper understanding of Praksta and Apabhramsa language and literature is indispensible for comprehending the development of Hindi literature rightly and adequately. Recognising the importance of Prakyta and Apabhraisa language in the cultural history of India, the Managing Committee of Digambara Jaina Atisaya Ksetra, Sri Mahaviraji established Apabhraisa Sahitya Academy in 1988, which runs correspondence courses for teaching Praksta and Apabhramsa languages. The Academy has published books for the implementation of these courses. Such books as the 'Apabhraisa Grammar and Composition', (2005)'Prakrta Grammar and Composition', (2006) Prakrta Exercise book' (2006), "Apabhraisa Exercise book' (2006) and "Praksta Prose and Verse' Part-1 (2008), 'Advanced Prakrta Grammar' Part-I (2009) and 'Advanced PrakrtaApabhraisa Grammar' Part-Il" (2010) have been published for those desirous of learning Praksta and Apabhraisa language through English medium. For the purpose of teaching Prakyta and Apabhraiia, our new publication, 'Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar' Part-I will facilitate the learning of Praksta-Apabhramsa to the students of the English language. We offer our thanks to the learned researchers of the Samsthana (Institute) especially to Smt. Shakuntala Jain, who has assisted us in preparing the analysis of Sutras and viii Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

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translation of this book We would also like to thank Smt. Lynna Dhanani from the United States for taking the trouble of going through the manuscript and making important suggestions. We also offer our thanks to M/s Jaipur Printers Pvt. Ltd. for organising the publication of this book. Naresh Kumar Sethi Prakash Chand Jain Dr. Kamal Chand Sogani President Secretary Samyojaka Managing Committee Jaina Vidya Samsthana Samiti Digambara Jaina Atisaya Ksetra Jaipur Sri Mahaviraji 17 October 2010 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) ix For Personal & Private Use Only

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Dedication Late Smt. Kamla Sogani For Personal & Private Use Only

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Introduction Relating to Apabhramsa language, the following should be understood. Alphabets of Apabhraisa 31, a, 317 32, a, Vowels 3, &, i, I, 3, u, 5, e, u, o af, ka, Consonants a, 1, 1, kha, ga, gha, na 3 ca, Ta, ta cha, ja, Tha, , Da, tha, da, jha, na Dha, dha, na Na ta, tha, da, dha, na pa, 9, ya, pha, ?, ra, ba, bha, ma . a . a la, va sa, ha . . (Anusvara) (Anunasika) . m, n It may be noted here that in. Apabhraisa the use of na and na occurs only in conjunct form. In Hemacandra Apabhraisa Grammar the use of na and na in conjunct form is traceable. The use of na is seen in conjunct and non-conjunct form. The alternative of na, na, na in conjunct form is n. Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) xiii For Personal & Private Use Only

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Number : In Apabhraisa language, there are only two Numbers : 1. Singular 2. Plural Gender: In Prakrta language, there are three Genders: 1. Masculine Gender 2. Feminine Gender 3. Neuter Gender Person : In Apabhraisa language, there are only three Persons : 1. First Person 2. Second Person 3. Third Person Case: In Apabhraisa language, there are eight Cases : . 1. Nominative Case 2. Accusative Case 3. Instrumental Case 4. Dative Case 5. Ablative Case 6. Genitive Case 7. Locative Case 8. Vocative Case Verb: In Apabhraisa language, there are only two kinds of Verbs : 1.Transitive 2. Intransitive Tense: In Apabhramsa language, there are five type of Tenses : 1. Present Tense 2. Past Tense 3. Future Tense 4. Imperative 5. Conditional Words: In Apabhraisa language, six kinds of Words are in use : 1. a-ending 2. a- ending 3. i-ending 4. i-ending 5.u-ending 6.u-ending xiv Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Method of Analysis of Sutras It is an acknowledged fact that Acarya Hemacandra wrote the Sabda Anusasana of which one section is devoted to Apabhraisa Grammar. In composing the section on Apabhraisa Grammar, he chose the Samsksta language as the medium of exposition. In order to make intelligible the Apabhraisa Grammar, the established sutrastyle of Samskrta Grammar was adopted. Although the Sutras are expressed in Samskrta language, it should not imply that a special knowledge of Samskrta is required to understand Apabhraisa Grammar. A thoughtful analysis of the Sutras has shown us that a basic knowledge of Samskrta and Hindi or English will suffice to comprehend these Sutras. In Lesson 1, we shall decipher and explain the Sutras concerning the formation of Nouns and Pronouns used in Apabhraisa Grammar. In order that the Sutras may be properly assimilated, ordinary knowledge of Vowel combination, Consonant combination and Visarga combination in Samskrta is necessary. Additionally, the symbols that represent certain suffixes should be understood. In Apabhraisa, there are two numbers Singular and Plural. Therefore, the Suffix-Symbols (S-S) are grouped into two columns, singular and plural, according to the cases as follows: Inflection S-S/Singular S-S/Plural Nominative Jas Accusative Am Sas Instrumental Ta Bhis Dative Ne Bhyas Ablative Nasi Genitive . Nas Locative Sup Si Bhyas Am Ni Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

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In each of the Sutras, the Suffix-Symbols follow theinflectional patterns of certain masculine nouns in Samsksta. The following five points will give the various inflectional forms of Suffix-Symbols and some other words: 1 The inflection of 'si', 'nasi' and 'ni' will be according to the Masculine Noun 'Hari'. For example, the inflection of 'si' in Locative case Singular will be 'sau', in Instrumental case Singular will be 'sina'. The inflection of 'nasi' in Genitive case Singular will be 'naseh'. In this way, the other inflections may be understood. 2 The inflection of 'am', 'jas', 'sas', 'bhis', 'bhyas', 'am'and 'sup'will be according to the consonent - ending Masculine Noun 'Bhubhit. For example, the inflection of 'bhis' in Locative case Singular will be 'bhisi', the inflection of 'am' in Nominative case Singular will be 'am'and so on. In this way, the other inflections may be understood. 3 The inflection of 'ta' will be according to the Masculine Noun 'Gopa'. For example, the inflection of 'ta' in Locative case Singular will be 'ti', Genitive case Singular will be 'tah', and Instrumental case Singular will be 'ta'. In this way, the other inflections may be understood. 4 The inflection of 'ut''u', 'ot' +'', 'et' + 'e', 'it'+'i', and 'at'a', will be according to consonent - ending 'Bhubhit. Similarly, the word 'luk'will be inflected. 5 Other words have been used in the Sutras. For some of the words, the inflection will be according to 'Rama', whereas others to 'Stri' and 'Guru'. The inflections of the remaining words can be referenced in the declension tables provided or in an elementary Samskrta Grammar book. Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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The language in the Sutras is always written in a concise form. In order to make clear the meaning , each sutra has been analyzed in the following five steps: 1 Combination (sandhi) 2 Inflection (vibhakti) 3 A literal translation (in italics) 4. A contextual translation 5 Examples and notes The declensional forms of Nouns and Pronouns in Apabhraisa will be understood through a careful examination of the Sutras. The following vowel-ending Nouns and Pronouns illustrate the declensional forms discussed in the Sutras (other words have been made known as well): Nouns Masculine Nouns: Neuter Nouns : (Deva, Hari, Gamani, Sahu, Sayambhu) a-ending: Deva (God) i-ending: Hari (Name of deity) i-ending: Gamani (Headman of village) u-ending: Sahu (Saint) u-ending: Sayambhu (Self-made person) (Kamala, Vari, Mahu) a-ending:Kamala (Lotus) i-ending:Vari (Water) . u-ending: Mahu (Honey) (Kaha, Mai, Lacchi, Dhenu, Bahu) a-ending:Kaha (Story), i-ending : Mai (Understanding) i-ending: Lacchi (Wealth) u-ending : Dhenu (Cow) u-ending : Bahu (Daughter-in-law) Feminine Nouns : Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Pronouns Masculine Pronouns: (Savva, Ta, Ja, Ka, Eta, Ima, Aya, Amu, Kavana) a-ending: Savva (All), Ta (He), Ja (Who), Ka (Who), Eta (This), Ima (This), Aya (This) Kavana. (Who, What, Which) (Inflection according to Savva) u-ending :Amu (That) (Inflection according to Sahu) Neuter Pronouns: (Savva, Ta, Ja, Ka, Eta, Ima, Aya, Amu, Kavana) a-ending: Savva (All), Ta (That), Ja (Which), Ka (Who), Eta (This), Ima (This), "Aya (This) Kavana (Who, What, Which) (Inflection according to Savva) u-ending: Amu (That) (Inflection according to Mahu) Feminine Pronouns: (Savva, Ta, Ja, Ka, Eta, Ima, Aya, Amu, Kavana) a-ending: Savva (All), TX (That) Ja (Which), Ka (Who), Eta (This), Ima (This), Aya (This) Kavana (Who, What, Which) (Inflection according to Savva) u-ending :Amu (That) (Inflection according to Dhenu) In all the Genders: Amha (1),Tumha(You) Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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As the inflection of Suffix-Symbols and other words in the Sutras have follow the same declensional forms of Samskrta, the declension tables of some of these Samsksta Nouns have been given in the following pages. Finally, a list of abbreviations used in the Sutras also provided. 1. Hari (Name of a deity) Singular Number Dual Number Plural Number Nominative Harih Hari Accusative Harim Instrumental Harina Dative. Haraye Ablative Hareh Genitive Hareh Locative Harau Vocative He Hare Hari Haribhyam Haribhyam Haribhyam Haryoh Haryoh He Hari Harayah Harin Haribhih Haribhyah Haribhyah Harinam Harisu He Harayah 2. Bhabht (King Singular Num Dual Number Plural Number Nominative Bhubhrt Bhubhrtau Accusative Bhubhrtam Bhubhitau Instrumental Bhubhrta Bhubhrdbhyam Dative Bhubhrte Bhubhsdbhyam Ablative Bhubhrtah Bhubhsdbhyam Genitive Bhubhstah Bhubhrtoh Locative Bhubhsti Bhubhatoh Vocative He Bhubhrt He Bhubhrtau Bhubhitah Bhubhitah Bhubhrdbhih Bhubhsdbhyah Bhubhsdbhyah Bhubhrtam Bhubhrtsu He Bhubhrtah Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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3. 4. 6 Gopa (Milkman) Nominative Gopah Accusative Gopam Instrumental Gopa Dative Gope Ablative Gopah Genitive Gopah Locative Gopi Vocative He Gopah Rama (Rama) Singular Number Nominative Ramah Accusative Ramam Dative Ablative Genitive Instrumental Ramena Ramaya Ramat Locative Vocative Singular Number Ramasya Rame He Rama Dual Number Gopau Gopau Gopabhyam Gopabhyam Gopabhyam Gopoh Gopoh He Gopau Dual Number Ramau Ramau Ramabhyam Ramabhyam Ramabhyam Ramayoh Ramayoh He Ramau Plural Number For Personal & Private Use Only Gopah Gopah Gopabhih Gopabhyah Gopabhyah Gopam Gopasu He Gopah Plural Number Ramah Raman Ramaih Ramebhyah Ramebhyah Ramanam Ramesu He Ramah Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-I)

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5. Stri (Woman) Singular Number Dual Number Plural Number Nominative Stri Accusative Striyam, Strim Instrumental Striya Dative Striyai Ablative Striyah Genitive Striyah Locative Striyam Vocative He Stri Striyau Striyau Stribhyam Stribhyam Stribhyam Striyoh Striyoh He Striyau Striyah Striyah,Strih Stribhih Stribhyah Stribhyah Strinam Strisu He Striyah 6. Guru (Guru) Singular Number Dual Number Plural Number Nominative Guruh Accusative Gurum Instrumental Guruna Dative Gurave Ablative Guroh Genitive Guroh Locative Gurau Vocative He Guro Guru Guru Gurubhyam Gurubhyam Gurubhyam Gurvoh Gurvoh He Guru Guravah Gurun Gurubhih Gurubhyah Gurubhyah Gurunam Gurusu He Guravah Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Abbreviations and method of Grammatical analysis A = Indeclinable indicates the original word * [0) + ( ) + (.....) indicates the joining together of words * [(- () - (.....) indicates the compounding of words * Where only Numbers 1/1,2/1, etc. are written outside brackets, the word inside the bracket indicates the Noun. 1/1 Nominative Case / Singular Number 1/2 Nominative Case / Dual Number 1/3 Nominative Case / Plural Number 2/1 Accusative Case / Singular Number 272 Accusative Case / Dual Number 2/3. Accusative Case / Plural Number 3/1 Instrumental Case / Singular Number 3/2 Instrumental Case / Dual Number 3/3 Instrumental Case / Plural Number 4/1 Dative Case / Singular Number 4/2 Dative Case / Dual Number 473 Dative Case /Plural Number 5/1 Ablative Case / Singular Number 5/2 Ablative Case / Dual Number 5/3 Ablative Case / Plural Number 6/1 Genitive Case / Singular Number 6/2 Genitive Case / Dual Number 6/3 Genitive Case / Plural Number 7/1 Locative Case / Singular Number 7/2 Locative Case / Dual Number 7/3 Locative Case / Plural Number 8/1 Vocative Case / Singular Number 8/2 Vocative Case / Dual Number 8/3 Vocative Case / Plural Number Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Section - 1 Declension of Nouns Sutras 4/331 to 4/354 and 4/330 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Noun - Sutra 1. Rieta 4/331 Syamorasyot Syamorasyot [(Si)+(Amo")+ (Asya)+ (Ut)] [(Si)- (Am) 6/2] Asya (A) 6/1 Ut (Ut) 1/1 After a-ending there occurs ut u in place of si and am. After a-ending Masculine and Neuter words, there occurs u in place of si (suffix of Nominative Singular) and am (suffix of Accusative Singular). (1) Deva (Mas.): (i) (Deva+ si)= (Deva+ u) = Devu . (Nominative Singular) (ii)Deva+ am)= (Deva+ u) - Devu (Accusative Singular) (2) Kamala (Neu.): (i) (Kamala+ si)= (Kamala+ u) = Kamalu (Nominative Singular) (ii)(Kamala+am)= (Kamala+ u) - Kamalu (Accusative Singular) 2. eigi 41.332 Sau Pussyodva Sau Pussyodva ((Pumsi)+(Ot)+(Va)] Sau(Si) 7/1 Pumsi (Puss) 7/1 Ot (Ot) 1/1 Va - Alternatively Alternatively, on having si after a-ending Masculine words, there occurs ot - o (in place of si). Alternatively, on having si (suffix of Nominative Singular) after a-ending Masculine words, there occurs ot + olin place of si). (1) Deva (Mas.): (Deva+ si) = (Deva+o) = Devo (Nominative Singular) 10 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

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3. ve 4/333 Etti Etti [(Et)+(Ti)] Et (Et)1/1Ti (Ta) 7/1 On having ta the a-ending vowel becomes e. On having ta (suffix of Instrumental Singular) after a-ending Masculine and Neuter words, the a-ending vowel becomes e. (1) Deva (Mas.): (Deva+ ta) = (Deve+ta) (2) Kamala (Neu.): (Kamala+ ta) - (Kamale+ta) By applying Sutra 4/342, there occur: (1) Deva (Mas.) (i) (Deve+ ta) = (Deve + na) - Devena (Instrumental Singular) (ii) (Deve+ ta) = (Deve + _ )- Devem (Instrumental Singular) (2) Kamala (Neu.) (i)(Kamale+ ta)=(Kamale + na)= Kamalena (Instrumental Singular) (ii)(Kamale + ta) = (Kamale + __ )= : Kamalem (Instrumental Singular) 4. flotte 4/334 Ninecca Ninecca ((Nina)+(It)+ (Ca)] Nina (Ni) 3/1 It (It) 1/1 Ca - and Alongwith ni the a-ending words become i and e. If there is ni after the a-ending Masculine and Neuter words, then along with ni (suffix of Locative Singular) a-ending Masculine and Neuter words become i and e. (1) Deva (Mas.): (i) (Deva+ni) - Devi (Locative Singular) (ii) (Deva+ ni) - Deve (Locative Singular) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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(2) Kamala (Neu.): (i) (Kamala+ ni) = Kamali (Locative Singular) (Kamala + ni) -Kamale (Locative Singular) 5. foreign 14/335 Bhisyedva Bhisyedva [(Bhisi)+(Et)+(Va)] Bhisi (Bhis) 7/1 Et (Et) 1/1 Va - alternatively Alternatively, on having bhis after a-ending'words, the a becomes e. Alternatively, on having bhis (suffix of Instrumental Plural) after a-ending Masculine and Neuter words, the ending vowel a becomes e. (1) Deva (Mas.): (Deva + bhis) = (Deve + bhis) (2) Kamala (Neu.): (Kamala+bhis) = (Kamale+bhis) : --- - By applying Sutra 4/347, there occur: (i) (Deve+ bhis) = (Deve + him) : Devehim (Instrumental Plural) (ii) (Kamale+ bhis)= (Kamale + him)- Kamalehim (Instrumental Plural) 6. SHERE 4/336 Naserhe-Hu Naserhe-Hu ((Naseh)+ (He)- (Hu)] Naseh (Nasi) 6/1[(He)- (Hu) 1/2] There occur he and hu in place of nasi After a-ending Masculine and Neuter words, there occur he and hu in place of nasi (suffix of Ablative Singular). (1) Deva (Mas.): (i) (Deva+ nasi)= (Deva+ he) - Devahe (Ablative Singular) 12 Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

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(ii) (Deva+ nasi)= (Deva+ hu) - Devahu (Ablative Singular) (2) Kamala (Neu.): (i) (Kamala + nasi) = (Kamala+ he) = Kamalahe (Ablative Singular) (ii) (Kamala + nasi) = (Kamala+ hu) - Kamalahu (Ablative Singular) 7. Preto 4/337 Bhyaso Hum Bhyasohum [(Bhyasah)+(Hum)] Bhyasah (Bhyas) 6/1 Hum (Hum)1/1 There occurs hus in place of bhyas. After a-ending Masculine and Neuter words, there occurs hum in place of bhyas (suffix of Ablative Plural). (1) Deva (Mas.): (Deva+ bhyas): (Deva+ hum) - Devahu (Ablative Plural) (2) Kamala (Neu.): (Kamala+ bhyas)= (Kamala+ hum) = Kamalahum (Ablative Plural) 8. S'H: -E-4a: 4/338 Nasah Su-Ho-Ssavah Nasah (Nas)6/1 Su-Ho-Ssvah[(Su)-(Ho)-(Ssu)1/3] There occur su, ho, and ssu in place of nas. . After a-ending Masculine and Neuter words, there occur su, ho and ssu in place of 'nas' ( suffix of Genitive Singular). (1) Deva (Mas.): (iii) (Deva+ nas)= (Deva+ su) - Devasu (Genitive Singular) (ii) (Deva+ nas)= (Deva+ ho) - Devaho (Genitive Singular) (iii) (Deva+ nas)- (Deva+ ssu) - Devassu (Genitive Singular) (2) Kamala (Neu.): (i) (Kamala+ nas)= (Kamala+ su) - Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) 13 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Kamalasu (Genitive Singular) (ii)(Kamala+nas)= (Kamala + ho) - Kamalaho (Genitive Singular) (iii) (Kamala+ nas)- (Kamala + ssu) - Kamalassu (Genitive Singular) 9. 3711 4/339 Amo Ham Amo Ham [(Amah)+(Ham)] Amah (Am) 6/1 Ham (Ham)1/1 .. There occurs ham in place of 'am'. After a-ending Masculine and Neuter words, there occurs ham in place of 'am' (suffix of Genitive Plural). (1) Deva (Mas.): (Deva+ am) = (Deva+ ham) - Devaham (Genitive Plural) (2) Kamala (Neu.): (Kamala+ am) = (Kamala+ ham) = Kamalaham (Genitive Plural) 10. jagament 4/340, Hum Cedudbhyam Hum Cedudbhyam (Ca)+ (lt)+ (Udbhyam)] Hum (Hum) 1/1 Ca = and ((It) - (Ut) 5/2) After it +1, i and ut + u, u there occur hur and ham (in place of am). After i-ending and u-ending Masculine and Neuter words, there occur hum and ham in place of am(suffix of Genitive Plural). (1) Hari (Mas.): (i) (Hari+ am)- (Hari+ hum) - Harihum (Genitive Plural) (ii) (Hari+ am)= (Hari+ ham) - Hariham (Genitive Plural) (2) Gamani (Mas.): (i) (Gamani+ am)= (Gamani+ hum) = Gamanihum (Genitive Plural) (ii) (Gamani+ am)= (Gamani+ ham) = Gamaniham (Genitive Plural) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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(3) Vari (Neu.): (i) (Vari+ am)= (Vari+ hum) = Varihum (Genitive Plural) (ii) (Vari+ am)= (Vari+ ham) - Variham (Genitive Plural) (4) Sahu (Mas.): (1) (Sahu+ am)= (Sahu+ hum) - Sahuhum (Genitive Plural) (ii) (Sahu+ am)= (Sahu+ ham) - Sahuhar (Genitive Plural) (5) Sayambhu (Mas.): (1) (Sayambhu+ am)= (Sayambhu+ hum) - Sayambhuhum (Genitive Plural) (ii) (Sayambhu+ am)= (Sayambhu+ ham) - Sayambhuham (Genitive Plural) (6) Mahu (Neu.): (i) (Mahu+ am)- (Mahu+ hum) - Mahuhum (Genitive Plural) (ii) (Mahu+ am)= (Mahu+ ham) - Mahuham (Genitive Plural) Refer: According to Hesacandra's Commentary, after i-ending and u-ending Masculine and Neuter words, there also occurs hum in place of sup (suffix of Locative Plural). (i) Hari (Mas.): (Hari+ sup)= (Hari+ hum) - Harihum (Locative Plural) (ii) Gamani (Mas.): (Gamani+ sup)= (Gamani+ hum) = m (Locative Plural) (iii) Vari (Neu.): (Vari+ sup)= (Vari+ hum) - Varihum (Locative Plural) (iv) Sahu (Mas.): (Sahu+ sup)= (Sahu+ hum) - Sahuhus (Locative Plural) (v) Sayambhu (Mas.): (Sayambhu+ sup)= (Sayambhu+ hum) = Sayambhuhum (Locative Plural) (vi) Mahu (Neu.): (Mahu+ sup)= (Mahu+ hum) - Mahuhum (Locative Plural) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) 15 For Personal & Private Use Only

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11. 5f4-9274-5191 7-3-84: 4/341 Nasi-Bhyas-Ninam He-Hur-Hayah Nasi-Bhyas - [(Ninam) + (He)] - Hum-Hayah Nasi-Bhyas-Ninam [(Nasi)-(Bhyas)-(Ni)6/3] He-Hum-Hayah [(He)-(Hum)-(Hi)1/3) There occur he, hum and hi in place of nasi, bhyas and ni . After i-ending and u-ending Masculine and Neuter words, there occur he, hum and hi in place of nasi ( suffix of Ablative Singular) bhyas (suffix of Ablative Plural) and 'ni' (suffix of Locative Singular) respectively. (1) (i) Hari (Mas.): (Hari+ nasi)= (Hari+ he) - Harihe (Ablative Singular) (ii) Gamani (Mas.): (Gamani+ nasi)= (Gamani+ he) : Gamanihe (Ablative Singular) (iii) Vari (Neu.): (Vari+ nasi)= (Vari+ he) - Varihe (Ablative Singular) (iv) Sahu (Mas.): (Sahu+ nasi)= (sahu+ he) - Sahuhe (Ablative Singular) (v) Sayambhu (Mas.): (Sayambhu+ nasi)= (Sayabhu+ he) - Sayambhuhe (Ablative Singular) (vi) Mahu (Neu.): (Mahu+ nasi)- (Mahu+ he) - Mahuhe (Ablative Singular) (2) (1) Hari (Mas.): (Hari+ bhyas)- (Hari+ hum) - Harihur (Ablative Plural) (ii) Gamani (Mas.): (Gamani+bhyas)= (Gamani+ hum) : Gamanihum (Ablative Plural) (iii) Vari (Neu.) : (Vari+ bhyas)= (Varit hum) - Varihum (Ablative Plural) (iv) Sahu (Mas.) : (Sahu+ bhyas): (Sahu+ hum) - Sahuhus (Ablative Plural) (v) Sayambhu (Mas.): (Sayambhu+bhyas)= (Sayambhu+ hum) - Sayambhuhum (Ablative Plural) 16 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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(vi) Mahu (Neu.): (Mahu+bhyas)= (Mahu+ hum) - Mahuhur (Ablative Plural) (3) (i) Hari (Mas.): (Hari+ ni)= (Hari+ hi) - Harihi (Locative Singular) (ii) Gamani (Mas.): (Gamani+ ni)= (Gamani+ hi) - Gamanihi (Locative Singular) (iii) Vari (Neu.): (Vari+ ni)= (Vari+ hi) - Varihi (Locative Singular) (iv) Sahu (Mas.): (Sahu+ ni)= (Sahu+ hi) - Sahuhi (Locative Singular) (v) Sayambhu (Mas.): (Sayambhu+ ni)= (Sayambhu+ hi) - Sayambhuhi (Locative Singular) (vi) Mahu (Neu.): (Mahu+ ni)= (Mahu+ hi) - Mahuhi (Locative Singular) 12.31igh uigrant 4/342 4/342 Atto Nanusvarau Atto Nanusvarau [(At)+(sah)+ (Na)+(Anusvarau)] At (A) 5/1 Tah (Ta) 6/1 [ (Na)-(Anusvara) 1/2] After a-ending Masculine and Neuter words, there occur na and anusvara / . ) in place of ta . After a-ending Masculine and Neuter words, there occur na and anusvara ( . ) in place of ta (suffix of Instrumental Singular), (1) Deva (Mas.): (i) (Deva+ ta) = (Deva+ na) . (ii) (Deva+ ta)= (Deva+ 2 ) (2) Kamala (Neu.): (i) (Kamala+ta) = (Kamala+ na) (ii) (Kamala+ ta) = (Kamala+ 2) By applying Sutra 4/333, there occur: Devena , Devem, Kamalena, Kamalen (Instrumental Singular) Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-1) 17 For Personal & Private Use Only

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13. jaga: 4/343 Em Cedutah Em Cedutah [(Ca)+ (It)+ (Utah)] Em (Em) 1/1 Ca = and [ (lt)-(Ut) 5/1] After it +1,i and ut - u, u there occur em and [na and anusvara | __)] in place of ta. After i-ending and u-ending Masculine and Neuter words, there occur em, na and in place of ta (suffix of Instrumental Singular). (i) Hari (Mas.) : (Hari+ la)= (Hari+ en, na, _ ) : Hariem, Harina, Harim (Instrumental Singular) (ii) Gamani (Mas.): (Gamani+ ta)= (Gamani+ es, na, __ ) : Gamaniem,Gamanina, Gamanim (Instrumental Singular) (iii) Vari (Neu.): (Vari+ ta)= (Vari+ es, na, , ) : Variem, Varina, Varim (Instrumental Singular) (iv) Sahu (Mas.) : (Sahu+ ta)= (Sahu+ es, na, , ): Sahuem, Sahuna, Sahum (Instrumental Singular) (v) Sayambhu (Mas.):(Sayambhu+ ta)= (Sayambhutes, na, .) -Sayambhues,Sayambhuna, Sayambhum (Instrumental Singular) (vi) Mahu (Neu.): (Mahu+ ta) = (Mahu+ en, na, ._) - Mahuem, Mahuna, Mahum (Instrumental Singular) 14. RIA-Jr-PrHi-Tec 4/344 Syam-Jas-Sasam-Luk Syam-Jas-Sasam-Luk [(Si)+(Am)] - Jas - [(sasam)+ (Luk)] [(Si)- (Am)- (Jas) - (sas)6/3] Luk (Luk)1/1) There occurs lopa (disapperance) in place of si, am, jas and sas. After Masculine , Neuter and Feminine words, there occurs lopa (disapperance) in place of si ( suffix of Nominative Singular) am (suffix of Accusative Singular) jas ( suffix of 18 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Nominative Plural) and sas (suffix of Accusative Plural). (Deva + si, am, jas, sas) = (Deva + 0,0,0,0)= Deva, Deva, Deva, Deva Nominative Nominative Singular Plural (i) Deve (Mas.): Deva Deva (ii) Hari (Mas.): Hari Hari (iii) Gamani (Mas.): Gamani Gamani (iv) Sahu (Mas.): Sahu Sahu (v) Sayambhu(Mas.): Sayambhu Sayambhu (vi) Kamala (Neu.): Kamala Kamala (vii) Vari (Neu.): Vari Vari (viii) Mahu(Neu.): Mahu Mahu (ix) Kaha(Fem.): Kaha Kaha (x) Mai (Fem.): Mai Mai : (xi) Lacchi (Fem.): Lacchi Lacchi (xii) Dhenu (Fem.): Dhenu Dhenu (xiii) Bahu (Fem.): Bahu Bahu Accusative Accusative Singular Plural Deva Deva Hari Hari Gamani Gamani Sahu Sahu Sayambhu Sayambhu Kamala Kamala Vari Vari Mahu Mahu Kaha Kaha Mai Mai Lacchi Lacchi Dhenu Dhenu Bahu Bahu 15. ugelt:: 4/345 Sasthyah Sasthyah (Sasthi) 6/1 There occurs (lopa) in place of Genitive case. After Masculine, Feminine and Neuter words, there occurs lopa in place of Genitive case Singular and Plural Numbers. (1) Deve (Mas.): (Deva + Genitive) = (Deva + 0): Deva Genitive Genitive Singular Plural (i) Deve (Mas.): Deva Deva (i) Hari (Mas.): Hari Hari (ii) Gamani (Mas.): Gamani Gamani (iii) Sahu (Mas.): Sahu Sahu (iv) Sayambhu(Mas.): Sayambhu Sayambhu Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) 19 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Kamala Vari Mahu Kaha (v) Kamala (Neu.): (vi) Vari (Neu.): (vii) Mahu(Neu.): (viii) Kaha(Fem.): (ix) Mai (Fem.): (x) Lacchi (Fem.): (xi) Dhenu (Fem.): (xii) Bahu (Fem.): Kamala Vari Mahu Kaha Mai Lacchi Dhenu Mai Lacchi Dhenu Bahu Bahu 16.3114- THTET: 4/346 Amantrye Jaso Hoh Amantrye Jaso Hoh [(Jasah)+ (Hoh) Amantrye (Amantrya) 7/1 Jasah (Jas)6/1 Hoh (Ho)1/1 In calling out there occurs ho in place of jas. In Vocative case Masculine, Neuter and Feminine words, there occurs ho in place of jas (suffix of Nominative Plural). (i) Deve (Mas.):(Deva+ jas)=(Deva+ ho)- Devaho (Vocative Plural) (ii) Hari (Mas.):(Hari+jas)-(Hari+ho)- Hariho (Vocative Plural) (iii) Gamani (Mas.):(Gamani + jas)=(Gamani + ho): Gamani ho (Vocative Plural) (iv) Sahu (Mas.):(Sahu+ jas)=(Sahu + ho)- Sahuho (Vocative Plural) (w) Sayambhu (Mas.):(Sayambhu+ jas)=(Sayambhu+ ho): Sayambhuho (Vocative Plural) (vi) Kamala (Neu.):(Kamala+ jas)= (Kamala+ ho)- Kamalaho (Vocative Plural) (vii) Vari (Neu.): (Vari + jas)- (Vari + ho)- Vari ho (Vocative Plural) (viii) Mahu (Neu.): (Mahu + jas)- (Mahu + ho)- Mahuho (Vocative Plural) 20 Advanced Apabhrarsa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

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(ix) Kaha(Fem.): (Kaha+ jas)= (Kaha+ ho)= Kahaho (x) Mai (Fem.): (Mai+ jas)= (Mai + ho)= Maiho (Vocative Plural) (xi) Lacchi (Fem.): (Lacchi + jas)= (Lacchi + ho)= Lacchiho (Vocative Plural) (xii) Dhenu (Fem.): (Dhenu + jas)= (Dhenu + ho)= Dhenuho (Vocative Plural) (xiii) Bahu (Fem.): (Bahu + jas)= (Bahu + ho)= Bahuho 17. frequif Bhissuporhim 4/347 Bhissuporhim [(Bhis)+ (Supoh) + (Him)] [(Bhis)-(Sup) 6/2] Him (Him) 1/1 There occurs him in place of bhis and sup. After Masculine, Neuter and Feminine words, there occurs him in place of bhis (suffix of Instrumental Plural) and sup (suffix of Locative Plural). Deve (Mas.):. Hari (Mas.): (i) (Deva + Bhis) = (Deva + Him)- Devahim (Instrumental Plural) (ii) (Deva + Sup) = (Deva + Him)= Devehim (Locative Plural) 4/347 Locative Plural (i) (ii) (iii) Gamani (Mas.): (iv) Sahu (Mas.): (v) Sayambhu (Mas.): (vi) Kamala (Neu.); (vii) Vari (Neu.): (viii) Mahu (Neu.): Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-I) 4/347 Instrumental Plural Devahim Harihim (Vocative Plural) Gamanihim Sahuhim (Vocative Plural) Varihim Mahuhim For Personal & Private Use Only Devahim Harihim Sayambhuhim Sayambhuhim Kamalahim Kamalahim Gamanihim Sahuhims Varihim Mahuhim 21

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(ix) Kaha(Fem.): (x) Mai (Fem.): (xi) Lacchi (Fem.) (xii) Dhenu (Fem.): (xiii) Bahu (Fem.): Kahahim Maihim Lacchihim: Dhenuhin Bahuhim Kahahim Maihim Lacchihim Dhenuhim Bahuhim 18. Frei R-THIAGIO 4/348 Striyas Jas-Sasorudot Striyam Jas Sasorudot [(Striyam)+ (Jas) + (Saso)+ (Ut)+ (Ot)] Striyam (Stri) 7/1 ((Jas)- (Sas) 6/2] Ut (Ut) 1/1 Ot(Ot) 1/1 In Feminine words, there occur ut + uand oto in place of "jas'and sas. In a-ending, i-ending and u- ending Feminine words, there occur ut+u and ot+o in place of 'jas' (suffix of Nominative Plural) and sas (suffix of Accusative Plural). (1) Kaha ( Fem.): (i) (Kaha +jas) = (Kaha + u, o) -Kahau, Kahao (Nominative Plural) (ii) (Kaha + sas) = (Kaha + u, o) -Kahau, Kahao (Accusative Plural) (2) Mai (Fem.): (i) (Mai + jas) = (Mai + u, o) - Maiu, Maio (Nominative Plural) (ii) (Mai + sas) = (Mai + u, 0) = Maiu, Maio (Accusative Plural) (3) Lacchi (Fem.): (i) (Lacchi+ jas) = (Lacchi + u, o) - Lacchiu, Lacchio(Nominative Plural) (ii) (Lacchi+sas) = (Lacchi + u, o) - Lacchiu, Lacchio(Accusative Plural) (4) Dhenu (Fem.): (i) (Dhenu + jas) = (Dhenu + u, o) - Dhenuu, Dhenuo (Nominative Plural) (ii) (Dhenu +sas) = (Dhenu + u, o) = Dhenuu, 22 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Dhenuo (Accusative Plural)) (5) Bahu ( Fem.): (i) (Bahu+ jas) = (Bahu + u, o) = Bahuu, Bahuo (Nominative Plural) (ii) (Bahu + sas) = (Bahu+ u, o) - Bahuu, Bahuo (Accusative Plural) 19. ET 4/349 Ta E Ta E [(sah)+ (E)] Tah (sa) 6/1 E (E) 1/1 There occurs e in place of ta. In a-ending, i-ending and u- ending Feminine words, there occurs e in place of ta (suffix of Instrumental Singular). (1)Kaha ( Fem.): (Kaha + ta) = (Kaha + e) -Kahae (Instrumental Singular) (2) Mai ( Fem.): (Mai + ta) = (Mai + e) = Maie (Instrumental Singular) (3) Lacchi (Fem.): (Lacchi+ ta) = (Lacchi + e) = Lacchie (Instrumental Singular) (4) Dhenu (Fem.): (Dhenu + ta) = (Dhenu + e) = Dhenue (Instrumental Singular) (5) Bahu (Fem.): (Bahu+ ta) = (Bahu + e) = Bahue (Instrumental Singular) 20. 54-5PE.. 4/350 Nas - Nasyorhe [(Nas) - (Nasi) 6/2] He (He) 1/1 There occurs he in place of nas and nasi . In a-ending, i-ending and u- ending Feminine words, there occurs he in place of nas (suffix of Genitive Singular) and nasi (suffix of Ablative Singular). Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) 23 For Personal & Private Use Only

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(1) (i) Kaha (Fem.): (Kaha + nas) = (Kaha + he) -Kahahe (Genitive Singular) (ii) Mai (Fem.): (Mai + nas) = (Mai + he) - Maihe (Genitive Singular) (iii) Lacchi (Fem.): (Lacchi+ nas) = (Lacchi + he) - Lacchihe (Genitive Singular) (iv) Dhenu (Fem.): (Dhenu + nas) = (Dhenu + he) Dhenuhe (Genitive Singular) (v) Bahu ( Fem.): (Bahu+ nas) = (Bahu + he) : Bahuhe (Genitive Singular) (2) (i) Kaha (Fem.): (Kaha + nasi) = (Kaha + he) -Kahahe (Ablative Singular (ii) Mai (Fem.): (Mai + nasi) = (Mai + he) - Maihe (Ablative Singular) (iii) Lacchi (Fem.): (Lacchi+ nasi) = (Lacchi + he) : Lacchihe (Ablative Singular) (iv) Dhenu (Fem.): (Dhenu + nasi) = (Dhenu + he): Dhenuhe (Ablative Singular) (v) Bahu ( Fem.): (Bahu+ nasi) = (Bahu + he) - Bahuhe (Ablative Singular) 21. 22AHI 4/351 Bhyasamorhuh Bhyasamorhuh [(Bhyas) + (Amoh) + (Huh)] [(Bhyas) - (Am) 6/2] Huh (Hu) 1/1 There occurs hu in place of bhyas and am. In a-ending, i-ending and u- ending Feminine words, there occurs hu in place of bhyas (suffix of Ablative Plural) and am (suffix of Genitive Plural). (1) (i) Kaha ( Fem.): (Kaha + bhyas) = (Kaha + hu) -Kahahu (Ablative Plural) (ii) Mai (Fem.): (Mai + bhyas) = (Mai + hu) - Maihu (Ablative Plural) 24 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

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(iii) Lacchi (Fem.): (Lacchi+bhyas) = (Lacchi + hu) - Lacchihu (Ablative Plural) (iv) Dhenu (Fem.): (Dhenu + bhyas) = (Dhenu + hu) = Dhenuhu (Ablative Plural) (v) Bahu (Fem.): (Bahu+ bhyas) = (Bahu + hu) - Bahuhu (Ablative Plural) (2) (i) Kaha (fem.): (Kaha + am) = (Kaha + hu) -Kahahu (Genitive Plural) (ii) Mai (Fem.): (Mai + am) = (Mai + hu) - Maihu (Genitive Plural) (iii) Lacchi (Fem.): (Lacchi+ am) = (Lacchi + hu) - Lacchihu (Genitive Plural) (iv) Dhenu ( Fem.): (Dhenu + am) = (Dhenu + hu) - Dhenuhu (Genitive Plural) (v) Bahu ( Fem.): (Bahu+ am) = (Bahu + hu) - Bahuhu (Genitive Plural) 22. SFO 4/352 Nerhim Nerhim [(Neh)+ (Him)] Neh (Ni) 6/1 Him (Him) 1/1 * There occurs him in place of ni. In a-ending, i-ending and u- ending Feminine words, there occurs him in place of ni (suffix of Locative Singular). (1) Kaha (Fem.): (Kaha + ni) = (Kaha + him) -Kahahim (Locative Singular) (ii) Mai (Fem.): (Mai +ni) = (Mai + him) - Maihim (Locative Singular) (iii) Lacchi (Fem.): (Lacchi+ni) = (Lacchi + him) = Lacchihim (Locative Singular) (iv) Dhenu ( Fem.): (Dhenu +ni) = (Dhenu + him) = Dhenuhim (Locative Singular) (v) Bahu ( Fem.): (Bahu+ ni) = (Bahu + him) - Bahuhim (Locative Singular) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) 25 For Personal & Private Use Only

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23. acild Gry-graft (1) (2) 26 Klibe Jas-Sasorim Klibe jas-Sasorim [(Jas) - (Sasoh)+ (Im)] Klibe (Kliba) 7/1 [(Jas) - (Sas) 6/2] Im (Im) 1/1 4/353 In Neuter there occurs im in place of jas and sas. In a-ending, i-ending, and u- ending Neuter there occur im in place of jas (suffix of Nominative Plural) and sas (suffix of Accusative Plural). (i) Kamala (Neu.): (Kamala + jas) = (Kamala + im) = `Kamalaim (Nominative Plural) (ii) Vari (Neu.): (Vari+ jas) = (Vari + im) = Variim (Nominative Plural) (iii) Mahu (Neu.): (Mahu + jas) = (Mahu + im) = Mahuim (Nominative Plural) (i) Kamala (Neu.): (Kamala + sas) = (Kamala + im): Kamalaim (Accusative Plural) (ii) Vari (Neu.): (Vari+ sas) = (Vart + im) = Variim 24. kAntasyAta uM syamoH (Accusative Plural) (iii) Mahu (Neu.): (Mahu + sas) = (Mahu + im) = Mahuim (Accusative Plural) 4/354 Kantasyata Um Syamoh Kantasyata Um [(Ka) + (Antasya) + (Atah)+ (Um)] Syamoh [(Si) + (Amoh)] [(Ka) - (Anta) 6/1] Atah (At) 5/1 Um (Um) 1/1 [(Si) - (Am) 6/2] In Neuter Gender ka- ending words inherent in Samskrta after a there occurs um in place of si and am. In Neuter Gender ka- ending words inherent in Samskrta after a there occurs um in place of si (suffix of Nominative Singular) and am (suffix of Accusative Singular). Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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(1) Tucchaka - Tucchaa (Neu.): (i) (Tucchaa + si) = (Tucchaa+ um) - Tucchaum (Nominative Singular) (ii)(Tucchaa + am) = (Tucchaa+ um) - Tucchaum (Accusative Singular) (2) Netrka - Nettaa (Neu.): (i) (Nettaa + si) = (Nettaa + um) = Nettaum (Nominative Singular) (ii) (Nettaa + am) = (Nettaa + um) = Nettaum (Accusative Singular) (3) Bhagnaka Bhaggaa (Neu.): (i) (Bhaggaa + si) = (Bhaggaa+ us) = Bhaggaum (Nominative Singular) (ii)(Bhaggaa+ am) = (Bhaggaa+ um) = Bhaggaum (Accusative Singular) 25. PICI Let arat 4/330 Syadau Dirgha-Hrasvau Syadau [(Si) + (Adau)] Dirgha-Hrasvau [(Si) - (Adi) 7/1] [(Dirgha) - (Hrasva) 1/2] On having si, etc,, a' long ending vowel becomes a short vowel and a short ending vowel becomes a long vowel. In Masculine, Neuter and Feminine words, on having si (suffix of Nominative Singular)etc., a long ending vowel becomes short vowel and a short ending vowel becomes a long vowel. For example Instrumental Plural: Short vowel becomes a long vowel (i) Deve (Mas.): Devahim, Devahim (ii) Hari (Mas.): Harihim, Harihin (iii) Sahu (Mas.): Sahuhim, Sahuhim (iv) Kamala (Neu.): Kamalahim, Kamalahim (v) Vari (Neu.): Varihim, Varihim (vi) Mahu (Neu.): Mahuhim, Mahuhim (vii) Mai (Fem.): Maihim, Maihim (viii) Dhenu (Fem.): Dhenuhim, Dhenuhim Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) 27 For Personal & Private Use Only

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28 Long vowel becomes a short vowel (ix) Gamani (Mas.): Gamanihim, Gamanihim (x) Sayambhu (Mas.): Sayambhuhim, Sayambhuhim (xi) Kaha(Fem.): Kahahim, Kahahim (xii) Lacchi (Fem.): Lacchihim, Lacchihim (xiii) Bahu (Fem.): Bahuhim, Bahuhim A In this way will be added other case suffixes. Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Section - 2 Declension of Pronouns Sutras 4./355 to 4/381 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Pronoun - Sutra 26. HAIGS. HET 4/355 Sarvadernaserham Sarvadernaserham [(Sarva) + (Adeh) + (Nase") + (Ham)] [(Sarva) - (Adi) 5/1) Naseh (Nasi) 6/1 Ham (Ham)1/1 After sarva-savva, etc., there occurs ham in place of nasi. On having nasi after a-ending Masculine and Neuter Pronouns sarvasavva, etc., there occurs ham in place of nasi (suffix of Ablative Singular). Savva (Mas. and Neu.): (Savva +nasi) = (Savva + ham) = Savvaham (Ablative Singular) Similarly: (1) * Iyara (Other) (Mas., Neu.): Iyaraham (Ablative Singular) (ii) Anna (Another) (Mas., Neu.): Annaham (Ablative Singular) (iii) Puvva (Before) (Mas., Neu.): Puvvaham (Ablative Singular) (iv) Sa (One's own) (Mas., Neu.): Saham (Ablative Singular) (v) Ta (He) (Mas. , Neu.): Taham (Ablative Singular) (vi) Ja (Who) (Mas., Neu.): Jaham (Ablative Singular) (vii) Ka (Who, What) (Mas., Neu.): Kaham (Ablative Singular) (viii) Ekka (One) (Mas., Neu.): Ekkaham (Ablative Singular) By applying Sutra 4/330, there occur: Savvaham, Iyaraham, Annaham, Puvvaham, Saham, Taham, Jaham, Kaham and Ekkaham (Ablative Singular) 27. fant fe al 4/356 Kimo Dihe Va Kimo Dihe [(Kimah)+ (Dihe)] Va Kimah (Kim) 5/1Dihe (Dihe) 1/1 Va - alternatively Alternatively, after kim ka there occurs dihe ihe. 30 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Alternatively, after a - ending Masculine and Neuter Pronouns kim-ka there occurs dihe ihe in place of nasi (suffix of Ablative Singular). Ka (Mas., Neu.): (Ka + nasi) = (Ka + ihe)= Kihe (Ablative Singular) 28. Sofie 4/357 Nerhim ((Neh) + (Him)] Neh (Ni) 6/1 Him (Him) 1/1 After sarva-savva, etc., there occurs him in place of ni. On having ni after a-ending Masculine and Neuter Pronouns sarva +savva, etc., there occurs him in place of ni (suffix of Locative Singular). Savva (Mas., Neu.): (Savva + ni) = (Savva + him) - Savvahim . (Locative Singular) Similarly: (i) Tyara (Other) (Mas., Neu.): Iyarahim (Locative Singular) (ii) Anna (Another) (Mas., Neu.): Annahim (Locative Singular) (iii) Puvva (Before) (Mas., Neu.): Puvvahim (Locative Singular) (iv) . Sa (One's own) (Mas., Neu.): Sahim (Locative Singular) (v) Ta (He) (Mas. , Neu.): Tahim (Locative Singular) (vi) Ja (Who) (Mas., Neu.): Jahim (Locative Singular) (vii) Ka (Who, What) (Mas., Neu.): Kahim (Locative Singular) (viii). Ekka (One) (Mas., Neu.): Ekkahim (Locative Singular) ------------------------ By applying Sutra 4/330, there occur: Savvahim, Iyarahim, Annahim, Puvvahim, Sahim, Tahim, Jahim, Kahim and Ekkahim (Locative Singular). Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) 31 For Personal & Private Use Only

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29. Tafrazit Segretar 4/358 Yattatkimbhyo Naso Pasurna Va Yattatkimbhyo Naso Pasurna Va [(Yat) + (Tat) + (Kimbhyah) + (Nasah) + (Dasuh) + (Na)] Va [ (Yat) - (Tat)- (Kim) 5/3] Nasah (Nas) 6/1 Dasuh (Dasu) 1/1 Na Va - alternatively Alternatively, after yatja, tatta and kim ka there occurs dasu+asu in place of nas. Alternatively, on having nas after a - ending Masculine and Neuter Pronouns yat+ja, tat-ta and kim ka there occurs dasu - asu in place of nas (suffix of Genitive Singular). (i) Ja (Mas., Neu.): (Ja + nas) = (Ja + asu) - Jasu (Genitive Singular) (ii) Ta (Mas., Neu.): (Ta + nas) = (Ta + asu) - Tasu (Genitive Singular) (iii) Ka (Mas., Neu.): (Ka + nas) = (Ka + asu) = Kasu . (Genitive Singular) Note : Other declensional forms are according to a-ending Masculine and Neuter Pronoun Savva. 30. fuit 4/359 Striyam Dahe Striyam Dahe [(Striyam)+ (Dahe)] Striyam (Stri) 7/1 Dahe (Dahe) 1/1 In Feminine there occurs dahe ahe. Alternatively, in Feminine after yat-ja, tatta and kim ka there occurs daheahe in place of nas (suffix of Genitive Singular). (i) Ja (Fem.): (Ja + nas) = (Ja + ahe) = Jahe (Genitive Singular) (ii) Ta (Fem.): (Ta + nas) = (Ta + ahe) - Tahe (Genitive Singular) 32 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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(iii) Ka (Fem.): (Ka + nas) = (Ka + ahe) - Kahe (Genitive Singular) Note: Other declensional forms are according to a-ending Feminine Pronoun Savva. --------------------------- By applying Sutra 4/330 there occur: Jahe, Tahe, Kahe also. 31. UTG: Rated at 4/360 Yattadah Syamordhrum Tram Yattadah [(Yat) + (Tadah - Tatah)] Syamordhrum [(Si) + (Amoh) + (Dhrum)] Tram [(Yat) - (Tad - Tat) 5/1) [(Si) - (Am) 7/2] Dhrum (Dhrum) 1/1 Tram (Tram) 1/1 If there are si and am after yat+ ja then both jointly become dhrum and if there are si and am after tatta then both jointly become trai. (i) Alternatively, if there are si (suffix of Nominative Singular) and am (suffix of Accusative Singular) after Masculine and Neuter Pronouns yat+ja then both jointly become dhrun. (ii) Alternatively, if there are si (suffix of Nominative Singular) and am(suffix of Accusative Singular) after Feminine Pronouns yat ja then both jointly become dhrun. (iii) Alternatively, if there are si (suffix of Nominative Singular) and am (suffix of Accusative Singular) afterMasculine and Neuter Pronouns tat-ta then both jointly become tram. (iv) Alternatively, if there are si (suffix of Nominative Singular) and am (suffix of Accusative Singular) after Feminine Pronouns tat-ta then both jointly become tram. (1) Ja (Mas., Neu.): (i) (Ja + si) = Dhrum Nominative Singular) (ii) (Ja + am) = Dhrum (Accusative Singular) (2) Ta (Mas., Neu.): (i) (Ta + si) = Tram (Nominative Singular) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) 33 For Personal & Private Use Only

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(ii) (Ta + am) = Tram (Accusative Singular) (3) Ja (Fem.) (1) (Ja+si) = Dhrum (Nominative Singular) (ii) (Ja + am) = Dhrum (Accusative Singular) (4) Ta (fem.): (i) (Ta+ si) - Tram (Nominative Singular) (ii) (Ta + am) - Tram (Accusative Singular) Note: According to Hemacandra's Commentary there occurs ju in place of Nominative and Accusative Singular ja and ja. There occurs tan in place of Nominative and Accusative Singular ta and ta. 32. 564: 54: anita 4/361 Idamah Imuh Klibe Idamah (Idam) 5/1 Imuh (Imu) 1/1 Klibe (Kliba) 7/1 After idam im there occurs imu in Neuter. On having si (Nominative Singular) and am (Accusative Singular) after idam+ ima then both jointly becomes imu. Ima(Neu.): (i) (Idam-ima + si)- Imu (Nominative Singular) (ii) (Idam-ima + am)- Imu (Accusative Singular) 3 3. TAG: Fait-y-amia TE VERTE 4/362 Etadah Stri-Pum-Klibe Eha Eho Ehu Etadah Etatah (Etat) 5/1 [(Stri)- (Pum) + (Kliba) 7/1] Eha (Eha) 1/1 Eho (Eho) 1/1 Ehu (Ehu) 1/1 In Feminine, Masculine and Neuter after etateta (Mas., Neu) eta (Fem.) then both jointly become eha, eho and ehu respectively. In Feminine, Masculine and Neuter if there are si (Nominative Singular) and am (Accusative Singular) after etat +eta (Mas., Neu.) eta (Fem.) then both jointly become eha, eho and ehu respectively. 34 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

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(1) Eta(Mas.): (i) (Etat eta + si)- Eho (Nominative Singular) (ii) (Etat teta+ am)- Eho (Accusative Singular) (2) Eta(Neu.): (i) (Etat eta + si)- Ehu (Nominative Singular) (ii) (Etat teta+ am)- Ehu (Accusative Singular) (3) Eta(Fem.): (i) (Eta + si)- Eha (Nominative Singular) (11) (Eta + am)- Eha (Accusative Singular) 34. Isoth-pret: 4/363 Eirjas-Sasoh Eirjas ((Eih)+ (Jas)] - Sasoh Eih (EI) 1/1 [ljas)- (Sas) 7/2). On having jas and sas there occur ei. In Masculine, Neuter and Feminine if there are jas (Nominative Plural) sas (Accusative Plural) after etat +eta (Mas., Neu.) eta (Fem.) then both jointly become ei. (1) Eta(Mas.): (i) (Etat-eta + jas) = Ei (Nominative Plural) (ii) (Etat eta+ sas) : Ei (Accusative Plural) (2) Eta(Neu.): (i) (Etat +eta + jas) = Ei (Nominative Plural). (i) (Etat eta+ sas) = Ei (Accusative Plural) (3) Eta(Fem.): (i) (Eta + jas) = Ei (Nominative Plural) (ii) (Eta + sas) = Ei (Accusative Plural) 35. 3464 BITS 4/364 Adasa Oi Adasa Oi ((Adasah)+ (Oi)] Adasah (Adas) 5/1 Oi (Oi) 1/1 After adas+ada+amu there occur oi. In Masculine, Neuter and Feminine if there are jas (Nominative Plural) and sas (Accusative Plural) after adas+ada+amu' then both jointly become oi. Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-1) 35 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Amu (Mas., Neu. and Fem.): 36. idama Aya: 36 1. Muh Syadau 3/88 Advanced Prakrta Grammar (Part-1) Page No. 75 Idama Ayah [(Idamah)+(Ayah)] (i) (Adas -amu + jas) = Oi (Nominative Plural) 4(ii) (Adas-amu+sas)= Oi (Accusative Plural) 37. sarvasya sAho vA Idamah (Idam) 6/1 Ayah (Aya) 1/1 There occur aya (Mas., Neu.) and aya (Fem.) in place of idam -ima (Mas., Neu) and ima (Fem.). 4/365 In Masculine, Neuter and Feminine there occur aya (Mas., Neu.) and aya (Fem.) in place of idam -ima (Mas., Neu.) and ima (Fem.). Note: The declensional forms of Aya are according to a-ending Masculine and Neuter Pronoun Savva and of Aya are according to a-ending Feminine Pronoun Savva (Kaha). 4/366 Sarvasya Saho Va Sarvasya [(Sahah)+ (Va)] Sarvasya (Sarva) 6/1 Sahah (Saha) 1/1 Va=. alternatively Alternatively, there occur saha (Mas., Neu.) and saha (Fem.) in place of sarva -savva (Mas., Neu) and savva (Fem.). In Masculine, Neuter and Feminine there occur saha(Mas., Neu.) and saha (Fem.) in place of sarva -savva (Mas., Neu) and savva (Fem.). Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Note: The declensional forms of Saha are according to aending Masculine and Neuter Pronoun Savva and of Saha are according to a-ending Feminine Pronoun Savva (Kaha). 38. fan: anis-chauit at Kimah Kaim-Kavanau Va Kimah (Kim) 6/1 Kaim-Kavanau [(Kaim)-(Kavana) 1/2] Va = alternatively 4/367 Alternatively,t here occur Kaim (Mas., Neu. and Fem.), Kavana (Mas., Neu.) and Kavana (Fem.) in place of kim -ka (Mas., Neu) and Ka (Fem.). In Masculine, Neuter and Feminine there occur Kaim (Mas., Neu. and Fem.), Kavana (Mas., Neu.) and Kavana (Fem.) in place of kim -ka (Mas., Neu) and Ka (Fem.). Note: In all cases and Numbers kaim is Kaim. The declensional forms of Kavana are according to a-ending Masculine and Neuter Pronoun Savva and of kavana are according to a-ending Feminine Pronoun Savva (Kaha). Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only 37

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39. yuSmadaH sau tuhuM Yusmadah Sau Tuhum Yusmadah (Yusmad) 5/1 Sau (Si) 7/1 Tuhum (Tuhum) 1/1 After yusmad-tumha, if there occurs si, then both jointly become tuhum. 40. jasa - zasostumhe tumhaiM 38 In Masculine, Neuter and Feminine when there is si (suffix of Nominative Singular) after tumha, then both jointly become tuhum. 4/368. Yusmad- Tumha (Mas., Neu., Fem.): (Tumha + si) = Tuhum \ 41. TA - yamA paI taI Jasa-Sasostumhe Tumhaim Jas [(Sasoh) + (Tumhe)] Tumhaim [(Jas) - (Sas) 7/2] (Nominative Singular) 4/369 (Tumhaim) 1/1 After yusmad-tumha if there occur jas and sas then both jointly become tumhe and tumhaim. In Masculine, Neuter and Feminine when there are jas (suffix of Nominative Plural) and sas (suffix of Accusative Plural) after tumha, then both jointly become tumhe and tumhaim. Yusmad- Tumha (Mas., Neu., Fem.): (Tumha+jas) = Tumhe and Tumhaim (Nominative Plural) (Tumha + sas) = Tumhe and Tumhaim (Accusative Plural) Tumhe (Tumhe) 1/1 Tumhaim 4/370 Ta-Nyama Paim Taim Ta [(Ni) + (Ama)] Paim Taim [(Ta)-(Ni)-(Am) 3/1] Paim (Paim) 1/1 Taim (Taim) 1/1 After yusmad- tumha if there occur paim and taim then Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

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tumha alongwith ta. ni and am become paim and tais, In Masculine, Neuter and Feminine when there are ta (suffix of Instrumental Singular), ni (suffix of Locative Singular) and am (suffix of Accusative Singular) after tumha, then tumha alongwith ta, ni and am becomes paim and taim. Tumha (Mas. , Neu. , Fem.): (i) (Tumha + ta) Paim and Taim (Instrumental Singular) (ii) (Tumha + ni)- Paim and Taim (Locative Singular) (iii) (Tumha + am)- Paim andTaim (Accusative Singular) 42. The 4/371 Bhisa Tumhehim Bhisa (Bhis)3/1Tumhehim (Tumhehim) 1/1 After yusmad + tumha if there occurs bhis then tumha alongwith bhis becomes tumhehim, In Masculine, Neuter and Feminine when there is bhi (suffix of Instrumental Plural) after tumha, then tumha alongwith bhis becomes tumhehim. Yusmad - Tumha (Mas. , Neu. , Fem.): (Tumha + bhis) - Tumhehim (Instrumental Plural) 43. 5f4-5F2 73 gust a 4/372 Nasi-Nasbhyam Tau Tujjha Tudhra Nasi [(Nasbhyam) + (Tau)] Tujjha Tudhra [(Nasi) = (Nas) 3/2) Tau (Tau)1/1Tujjha (Tujjha) 1/1 Tudhra (Tudhra) 1/1 After yusmad + tumha if there occur nasi and nas then tumha alongwith nasi and nas become tau, tujjha and tudhra, In Masculine, Neuter and Feminine when there are nasi (suffix of Ablative Singular) and nas(suffix of Genitive Singular) after tumha, then tumha alongwith nasi and nas becomes tau, tujjha and tudhra. Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) 39 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Yusmad - Tumha (Mas. , Neu. , Fem.): (i) (Tumha + nasi) - Tau, Tujjha and Tudhra (Ablative Singular) (ii) (Tumha + nas) - Tau, Tujjha and Tudhra (Genitive Singular) 44. 92741 Izli qal 4/373 Bhyasambhyam Tumhaham ((Bhyas) + (Ambhyam) + (Tumhaham)] [(Bhyas) - (Am) 3/2] Tumhaham. (Tumhaham)1/1 After yusmad + tumha if there occur bhyas and am then tumha alongwith bhyas and am becomes tumhaham, In Masculine, Neuter and Feminine when there are bhyas (suffix of Ablative Plural) and am (suffix of Genitive Plural) after tumha, then tumha alongwith bhyas and am becomes tumhaham. Yusmad - Tumha (Mas. , Neur, Fem.): (i) (Tumha + bhyas) - Tumhaham (Ablative Plural) (ii) (Tumha + am) - Tumhaham (Genitive Plural) 45. gorge 441 4/374 Tumhasu Supa Tumhasu (Tumhasu)1/1 Supa (Sup)3/1 After yusmad - tumha if there occurs sup then tumha alongwith sup becomes tumhasu, In Masculine, Neuter and Feminine when there is sup (suffix of Locative Plural) after tumha, then tumha alongwith sup becomes tumhasu. Yusmad + Tumha (Mas., Neu. , Fem.): (Tumha + sup) - Tumhasu (Locative Plural) 40 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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46. HIQETES 4/375 Savasmadohaum ((Sau) + (Asmadah) + (Haum)] Sau (Si) 7/1 Asmadah (Asmad)5/1 Haum (Haus) 1/1 After asmad +amha, if there occurs si, then both jointly become haun. In Masculine, Neuter and Feminine when there is si (suffix of Nominative Singular) after amha, then both jointly become haum. Asmad + Amha (Mas. , Neu. , Fem.): (Amha + si) - Haum (Nominative Singular) 47. JIE PTARE 316$ 4/376 . Jas-Sasoramhe Amhaim Jas ((Sasoh) + (Amhe)] Amhaim [(Jas) - (Sas) 7/2] Amhe (Amhe) 1/1 Amhaim (Amhaim) 1/1 After asmadamha if there occurjas and sas then both jointly become amhe and amhaim. In Masculine, Neuter and Feminine when there are jas (suffix of Nominative Plural) and sas (suffix of Accusative Plural) after amha, then both jointly become amhe and amhaim. Asmad + Amha (Mas., Neu., Fem.): (Amha+ jas) - Amhe and Amhaim (Nominative Plural) (Amha + sas) = Amhe and Amhaim (Accusative Plural) 48. 27-5414 45 4 /377 Ta-Nyama Maim Ta[(Ni) + (Ama)] Mair [(Ta)-(Ni)-(Am) 3/1] Maim (Maim)1/1 After asmad - amha if there occurs maim then amha alongwith ta. ni and am becomes maim, Advanced Apabhraiba Grammar (Part-1) 41 For Personal & Private Use Only

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In Masculine, Neuter and Feminine when there are ta (suffix of Instrumental Singular), ni (suffix of Locative Singular) and am (suffix of Accusative Singular) after amha, then amha alongwith ta, ni and am becomes maim. Amha (Mas. , Neu. , Fem.): (i) (Amha + ta) - Maim (Instrumental Singular) (ii) (Amha + ni)Maim (Locative Singular) (iii) (Amha + am)- Maim (Accusative Singular) 49. NE POSTATI 4/378 Amhehim Bhisa Amhehim (Amhehim) 1/1 Bhisa (Bhis)3/1 After asmad amha if there occurs bhis then amha alongwith bhis becomes amhehim, In Masculine, Neuter and Feminine when there is bhis(suffix of Instrumental Plural) after amha, then amha alongwith bhis becomes amhehin. Asmad + Amha (Mas. , Neu. , Fem.): (Amha + bhis) - Amhehim (Instrumental Plural) 50. HE HUS:f4-5442114 4/379 Mahu Majjhu Nasi-Nasbhyam Mahu (Mahu) 1/1 Majjhu (Majjhu) 1/1[(Nasi)-(Nas) 3/2] After asmad+amha if there occur nasi and nas then amha alongwith nasi and nas becomes mahu and majjhu, In Masculine, Neuter and Feminine when there is nasi (suffix of Ablative Singular) and nas (suffix of Genitive Singular) after amha, then amha alongwith nasi and nas becomes mahu and majjhu. Asmad Amha (Mas. , Neu. , Fem.): (i) (Amha + nasi) - Mahu and Majjhu (Ablative Singular) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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(ii) (Amha + nas) - Mahu and Majjhu (Genitive Singular) 51. 3173 274114214 4/380 Amhaham Bhyasambhyam Amhaham [(Bhyas) + (Ambhyam)] Amhaham (Amhaham)1/1[(Bhyas) - (Am) 3/2) After asmadamha if there occur bhyas and am then amha (alongwith bhyas andam becomes amhaham). In Masculine, Neuter and Feminine when there are bhyas (suffix of Ablative Plural) and am (suffix of Genitive Plural) after amha, then amha alongwith bhyas and am becomes amhahan. Asmad + Amha (Mas. , Neu. , Fem.): (i) (Amha + bhyas) - Amhahar (Ablative Plural) (ii) (Amha + am) = Amhaham (Genitive Plural) 5 2. 31414 4/381 Supa Amhasu Amhasu (Amhasu) 1/1 Supa (Sup)3/1 After asmad amha if there occurs sup then amha (alongwith sup becomes amhasu), In Masculine, Neuter and Feminine when there is sup (suffix of Locative Plural) after amha, then amha alongwith sup becomes amhasu. Asmad - Amha (Mas. , Neu., Fem.): (Amha + sup) = Amhasu (Locative Plural) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) 43 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Appendix 1 Declensional Forms A. Declensional Forms of Nouns B. Declensional Forms of Pronouns For Personal & Private Use Only

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(A) Declensional Forms of Nouns a-ending Noun Masculine (Deva) (god) Nominative case Singular Deva, Deva, Devu, Devo (4/331, 4/332, 4/344,4/330) Plural Deva, Deva (4/344, 4/330) Accusative case Deva, Deva, Devu (4/331, 4/344, 4/330) Deva, Deva (4/331, 4/330, 4/344) Instrumental case Devena, Devenar, Devem (4/333, 4/342, 1/27) Devahim, Devahim, Devehim (4/335, 4/347) Dative and Genitive case Deva, Deva, Devasu, Devasu Devaho, Devaho, Devassu (4/338,4/330, 4/345) Deva, Deva, Devaham, Devaham (4/339, 4330, 4/345) Ablative case Devahe, Devahe, Devahu, Devahu (4/336, 4/330) Devahum, Devahum (4/337, 4/330) Locative case * Devi, Deve (4/334) Devahim, Devahim (4/347, 4/330) Vocative case Deva, Deva, Devu, Devo (4/331,4/332, 47344, 4/330) Deva, Deva, Devaho, Devaho, (4/330,4/346, 4/344) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) 45 For Personal & Private Use Only

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i-ending Noun Masculine (Hari) (Name of a deity) Nominative case Singular Hari, Hari (4/344, 4/330) Plural Hari, Hari (4/344, 4/330) Accusative case Hari, Hari (4/344, 4/330) Hari, Hari .(4/344, 4/330) Instrumental case Haries, Harier, Harim, Harihim, Harihim Harim, Harina, Harina, (4/347, 4/330) Harinar, Harinan (4/343, 4/330, 1/27) Dative and Genitive case Hari, Hari (4/345, 4/330) Hari, Hari, Harihus, Harihum, Hariham, Hariham (4/340, 4/345, 4/330) Ablative case Harihe, Harihe (4/341, 47330) Harihum, Harihum (4/341, 4/330) Locative case Harihi, Harihi (4/341, 4/330) Harihim, Harihim, Harihum, Harihui (4/347, 4/330 4/340) Vocative case Hari, Hari (4/344, 4/330) Hari, Hari, Hariho, Hariho (4/346,4/330, 4/344) 46 Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

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i-ending Noun Masculine (Gamani) (Headman of village) Singular Plural Nominative case Gamani, Gamani Gamani, Gamani (4/344, 4/330) (4/344, 4/330) Accusative case Gamani, Gamani Gamani, Gamani (4/344, 4/330) (4/344, 4/330) Instrumental case Gamaniem, Gamanier, Gamanihim, Gamanim, Gamanin, Gamanihim Gamanina, Gamanina (4/347, 4/330) Gamaninam, Gamaninam (4/343, 4/330, 1/27) Dative Gamani, Gamani Gamani, Gamani, and (4/345,4/330) Gamanihum, Genitive case Gamanihum, Gamaniham, Gamanihan (4/340, 4/345, 4/330) Ablative case Gamanihe, Gamanihe Gamanihum, . (4/341, 4/330) Gamanihum (4/341, 4/330) Locative case Gamanihi, Gamanihi Gamanihim, (4/341, 4/330) Gamanihim, Gamanihum, Gamanihur (4/347, 4/330, 4/340) Vocative case Gamani, Gamani Gamani, Gamani (4/344, 4/330) Gamaniho, Gamaniho (4/346,4/330, 4/344) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) 47 For Personal & Private Use Only

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u-ending Noun Masculine (Sahu) (Saint) Singular Plural Nominative case Sahu, Sahu Sahu, Sahu (4/344, 4/330) (4/344, 4/330) Accusative case Sahu, Sahu (4/344, 4/330) Sahu, Sahu .(4/344, 4/330) Instrumental case Sahuem, Sahuen, Sahuhim, Sahuhin Sahum, Sahus, Sahuna, (4/347, 4/330) Sahuna, Sahunam, Sahunam, (4/343, 4/330, 1/27) Dative Sahu, Sahu (4/345, 4/330) and Genitive case Sahu, Sahu Sahuhum, Sahuhum Sahuham, Sahuhar (4/340, 4/345, 4/330) Ablative case Sahuhe, Sahuhe (4/341, 4/330) Sahuhum, Sahuhum (4/341, 4/330) Locative case Sahuhi, Sahuhi (4/341, 4/330) Sahuhim, Sahuhim Sahuhum, Sahuhun (4/347, 4/330, 4/340) Vocative case Sahu, Sahu (4/330, 4/344) Sahu, Sahu Sahuho, Sahuho (4/346,4/330, 4/344) 48 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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u-ending Noun Masculine (Sayambhu) (Self-made person) NoMinative case Accusative case InstruMental case Dative and Genitive case Singular Plural Sayambhu, Sayambhu Sayambhu, (4/344, 4/330) Sayambhu (4/344, 4/330) Sayambhu, Sayambhu Sayambhu, (4/344, 4/330) Sayambhu (4/344, 4/330) Sayambhuem, Sayambhuhim, Sayambhuea, Sayambhuhim Sayambhus (4/347, 4/330) Sayambhui, Sayambhuna Sayambhuna, Sayambhunam Sayambhunam (4/343, 4/330, 1/27) Sayambhu, Sayambhu Sayambhu, (4/345, 4/330) Sayambhu Sayambhuhum, Sayambhuhui Sayambhuham, Sayambhuham (4/340, 4/345, 4/330) Sayambhuhe, Sayambhuhus, Sayambhuhe Sayambhuhur (4/341, 4/330) (4/341, 4/330) Sayambhuhi, Sayambhuhim, Sayambhuhi Sayambhuhim (4/341, 4/330) Sayambhuhur, Sayambhuhur (4/347, 4/330, 4/340) Sayambhu, Sayambhu Sayambhu, Sayambhu (4/330, 4/344) Sayambhuho, Sayambhuho (4/346,4/330, 4/344) Ablative case Locative case Vocative case Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-I) 49 For Personal & Private Use Only

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a-ending Neuter 1 (Kamala) (Lotus) Singular Plural Nominative case Kamala, Kamala, Kamala, Kamala Kamalu Kamalain, Kamalaim (4/344, 4/330, (4/33.0, 4/353, 4/331) 4/344) Accusative case Kamala, Kamala, Kamala, Kamala Kamalu Kamalaim, Kamalaim (4/331, 4/330, (4/330, 47353, 4/344) 4/344) Instrumental case Kamalem, Kamalena, Kamalahim, Kamalena . Kamalahim, (4/333,4/342, Kamalehim 1/27) (4/335, 4/347) Dative Kamala, Kamala Kamala, Kamala and Kamalaho, Kamalaho Kamalahim, Kamalahim Genitive case Kamalasu, Kamalasu, (4/339, 4/330, Kamalassu 4/345) (4/338, 4/330, 4/345) Ablative case Kamalahe, Kamalahe Kamalahum, Kamalahu, Kamalahu Kamalahum (4/336, 4/330) (4/337, 4/330) Locative case Kamali, Kamale Kamalahim, (4/334) Kamalahim (4/347, 4/330) Vocative case Kamala, Kamala, Kamala, Kamala Kamalu Kamalaim, Kamalain (4/331, 4/330, Kamalaho, Kamalaho 4/344) (4/346,47330 4/344) 1. In the a-ending Neuter Gender, when the end- syllable is 'a', 'u'suffix becomes 'um' in the Nominative and Accusative cases, singular number as, Acchia-Acchium. (Neuter Nominative and Accusative case singular number) 50 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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i-ending Neuter (Vari) (Water) Nominative case Accusative case Instrumental case Dative Singular Plural Vari, Vari Vari, Vari, Variim, (4/344, 4/330) Variis (4/344, 4/330, 4/353) Vari, Vari Vari, Vari, Variim, (4/344, 4/330) Variim (4/344, 4/330, 4/353 ) Varim, Varim, Variem, Varihim, Varihim Variem, Varina, Varina, (4/347, 4/330) Varinan, Varinam (4/343, 1/27, 4/330) Vari, Vari Vari, Vari (4/345, 4/330) Varihum, Varihum Varihar, Variham (4/340, 4/345, 4/330) Varihe, Varihe Varihum, Varihum (4/341, 4/330) (4/341, 4/330) Varihi, Varihi Varihim, Varihim (4/341, 4/330) Varihum, Varihum (4/347, 4/340, 4/330) Vari, Vari Vari, Vari, Variim, (4/330,4/344) Varim, Variho, Variho (4/346, 4/330, 4/344, 4/353) and Genitive case Ablative case Locative case Vocative case Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) 51 For Personal & Private Use Only

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u-ending Neuter (Mahu) (Honey) Singular Plural Nominative case Mahu, Mahu Mahu, Mahu, (4/344, 4/330) Mahuim, Mahuim (4/344, 4/330, 4/353) Accusative case Mahu, Mahu Mahu, Mahu, (4/344, 4/330) Mahuii, Mahuim (4/344, 4/330, 4/353) Instrumental case Mahum, Mahum, . Mahuhim, Mahuhim Mahuem, Mahues, (4/347, 4/330) Mahuna, Mahuna, Mahunam, Mahunam (4/343, 4/330, 1/27) Dative Mahu, Mahu Mahu, Mahu . and (4/345, 4/330) Mahuhur, Mahuhun Genitive case Mahuham, Mahuham (4/340, 4/345, 4/330) Ablative case Mahuhe, Mahuhe Mahuhum, Mahuhum (4/341, 4/330) (4/341, 4/330) Locative case Mahuhi, Mahuhi Mahuhim, Mahuhim (4/341, 4/330) Mahuhum, Mahuhum (4/340, 4/347, 4/330) Vocative case Mahu, Mahu Mahu, Mahu (4/330, 4/344) Mahuim, Mahuim Mahuho, Mahuho (4/346, 4/330, 4/344, 4/353) 52 Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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a-ending Feminine (Kaha) (Story) Singular Plural Nominative case Kaha, Kaha Kaha, Kaha (4/344,4/330) Kahau, Kahau Kahao, Kahao (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) Accusative case Kaha, Kaha (4/344, 4/330) Kaha, Kaha, Kahau, Kahau Kahao, Kahao (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) Kahahim, Kahahim (4/347, 4/330) Instrumental case Kahae, Kahae (4/349, 4/330) Dative and Kaha, Kaha Kahahe, Kahahe (4/350, 4/345 4/330). Kaha, Kaha Kahahu, Kahahu (4/351, 4/345, 4/330) Genitive case Ablative case Kahahe, Kahahe (4/350, 4/330) Kahahu, Kahahu (4/351, 4/330) Locative case Kahahim, Kahahin (4/352, 4/330) Kahahim, Kahahim (4/347, 4/330) Vocative case Kaha, Kaha (4/330, 4/344) Kaha, Kaha, Kahau, Kahau, Kahao, Kahao, Kahaho, Kahaho (4/346, 4/330, 4/348) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) 53 For Personal & Private Use Only

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i-ending Feminine (Mai) (Understanding) Singular Plural Nominative case Mai, Mai Mai, Mai, Maiu (4/344,4/330) Maiu, Maio, Maio (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) Accusative case Mai, Mai (4/344, 4/330) Mai, Mai, Maiu Maiu, Maio, Maio (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) Instrumental case Maie, Maie (4/349, 4/330) Maihim, Maihim (4/347,4/330) Dative and Genitive case Mai, Mai Maihe, Maihe (4/350, 4/345 4/330) Mai, Mai Maihu, Maihu (4/351, 4/345, 4/330) Ablative case Maihe, Maihe (4/350, 4/330) Maihu, Maihu. (4/351, 4/330) Locative case Maihim, Maihim (4/352, 4/330) Maihim, Maihim (4/347, 4/330) Vocative case Mai, Mai (4/330, 41 344) Mai, Mai, Maiu, Maiu, Maio, Maio, Maiho, Maiho (4/346, 4/330, 4/348) 54 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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i-ending Feminine (Lacchi) (Wealth) Singular Plural Nominative case Lacchi, Lacchi Lacchi, Lacchi, (4/344,4/330) Lacchiu, Lacchiu, Lacchio, Lacchio (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) Accusative case Lacchi, Lacchi (4/344, 4/330) Lacchi, Lacchi, Lacchiu, Lacchiu, Lacchio, Lacchio (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) Instrumental case Lacchie, Lacchie (4/349, 4/330) Lacchihim, Lacchihim (4/347, 4/330) Dative and Genitive case Lacchi, Lacchi Lacchihe, Lacchihe (4/350, 4/345 4/330) Lacchi, Lacchi Lacchihu, Lacchihu (4/351, 4/345, 4/330) Ablative case Lacchihe, Lacchine (4/350, 4/330) Lacchihu, Lacchihu (4/351, 4/330) Lacchio, Lacchio, Locative case Lacchihim, Lacchihim (4/352, 4/330) Lacchihim, Lacchihim (4/347, 4/330) Vocative case Lacchi, Lacchi (4/330, 4/344) Lacchi, Lacchi, Lacchiu, Lacchiu Lacchio, Lacchio Lacchiho, Lacchiho (4/346, 4/330, 4/348 ) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) 55 For Personal & Private Use Only

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u-ending Feminine (Dhenu) (Cow) Singular Plural Nominative case Dhenu, Dhenu Dhenu, Dhenu, (4/344,4/330) Dhenuu, DhenUu, Dhenuo, Dhenuo (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) Accusative case Dhenu, Dhenu (4/344, 4/330) . Dhenu, Dhenu, Dhenuu; Dhenuu, Dhenuo, Dhenuo (41348, 4/344, 4/330) Instrumental case Dhenue, Dhenue (4/349, 4/330) Dhenuhis, Dhenuhim (4/347, 4/330) Dative and Genitive case Dhenu, Dhenu Dhenuhe, Dhenuhe (4/350, 4/345 4/330) Dhenu, Dhenu Dhenuhu, Dhenuhu (4/351, 4/345, 4/330) Ablative case Dhenuhe, Dhenuhe (4/350, 4/330) Dhenuhu, Dhenuhu (4/351, 4/330) Locative case Dhenuhim, Dhenuhim (4/352, 4/330) Dhenuhim, Dhenuhim (4/347, 4/330) Vocative case Dhenu, Dhenu (4/344, 4/330) Dhenu, Dhenu, Dhenuu, Dhenuu, Dhenuo, Dhenuo, Dhenuho, Dhenuho (4/346, 4/330, 4/348) 56 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

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u-ending Feminine (Bahu) (Daughter-in-law) Singular Plural Nominative case Bahu, Bahu Bahu, Bahu, Bahuu, (4/344,4/330) Bahuu, Bahuo, Bahuo (4/348, 4/344, 4/330). Accusative case Bahu, Bahu (4/344, 4/330) Bahu, Bahu, Bahuu, Bahuu, Bahuo, Bahuo (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) Instrumental case Bahue, Bahue (4/349, 4/330) Bahuhim, Bahuhim (4/347, 4/330) Dative and Bahu, Bahu Bahuhe, Bahuhe (4/350, 4/345 4/330) Bahu, Bahu Bahuhu, Bahuhu (4/351, 4/345, 4/330) Genitive case Ablative case Bahuhe, Bahuhe (4/350, 4/330) Bahuhu, Bahuhu (4/351, 4/330) Locative case Bahuhim, Bahuhim (4/352, 4/330) Bahuhis, Bahuhim (4/347, 4/330). Vocative case Bahu, Bahu . (4/344, 4/330) Bahu, Bahu, Bahuu, Bahuu, Bahuo, Bahuo, Bahuho, Bahuho (4/346, 4/330, 4/348) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) 57 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Nominative case Accusative case Instrumental case Dative and Genitive case Ablative case Locative case (B) Declensional forms of Pronouns Masculine-Savva (All) 58 Singular Savva, Savva, Savvu, Savvo (4/331, 4/332, 4/344, 4/330) Savva, Savva, Savvu (4/331, 4/344 4/330) Savvem, Savvena, Savvenam (4/333, 4/342, 1/27) Savva, Savva Savvasu, Savvasu Savvaho, Savvahe, Savvassu (4/338, 4/330, 4/345) Savvaham, Savvaham (4/355, 4/330) Savvahim, Savvahim (4/357, 4/330) Plural Savva, Savva (4/344, 4/330) For Personal & Private Use Only Savva, Savva (4/344, 4/330) Savvahim, Savvahim, Savvehim (4/335, 4/347) Savva, Savva Savvaham, Savvaham (4/345, 4/330, 4/339) Savvahum, Savvahum (4/337, 4/330) Savvahim, Savvahim (4/347, 4/330) Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-I)

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Nominative case Neuter-Savval (All) Singular Savva, Savva, Savvu (4/331, 4/330, 4/344) Plural Savva, Savva Savvaim, Savvaim (4/344, 4/353, 4/330) Accusative case Savva, Savva, Savvu (4/331,4/330, 4/344) Savva, Savva Savvaim, Savvaim (4/344, 4/353, 4/330) Instrumental case Savver, Savvena, Savvenam (4/333, 4/342, 1/27) Savahim, Savvahim Savvehim (4/335, 4/347) Dative and Genitive case Savva, Savva Savvasu, Savvasu Savvaho, Savvaho, Savvassu (4/338,4/330, 4/345) Savva, Savva Savvaham, Savvaham (4/339,4/330, 4/345) Ablative case Savvaham, Savvaham (4/355,4/330) Savvahum, Savvahum (4/337, 4/330) Locative case Savvahim, Savvahim (4/357, 4/330) Savvahim, Savvahim (4/347, 4/330) 1. The declension of 'Savva' in the Masculine and the Neuter Gender, except its declension in the Ablative and the Locative case singular, will take place like the Masculine 'Deva' and the Neuter'Kamala' respectively. Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) 59 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Feminine - Savva (AU) Singular Savva, Savva (4/344, 4/330) Nominative case Plural Savva, Savva, Savvau, Sayvau, Savvao, Savvao (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) * Accusative case Savva, Savva (4/344, 4/330) Savva, Savva, Savvau, Savvau, Savvao, Savvao (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) Instrumental case Savvae, Savvae (4/349, 4/330) Savvahin, Savvahim (4/347, 4/330) Dative and Savva, Savva Savvahe, Savvahe (4/350, 4/345 4/330) Savva, Savva, Savvahu, Savvahu (4/351, 4/345 4/330) Genitive case Ablative case Savvahe, Savvahe (4/350, 4/330) Savvahu, Savvahu (4/351, 4/330) Locative case Savvahim, Savvahim (4/352, 4/330) Savvahim, Savvahim (4/347, 4/330) 60 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Nominative case Masculine - Tal (He) Singular Sa, Sa, Su, So, Tram, Tam (4/331, 4/332, 4/344, 4/330 4/360) Plural Ta, Ta (4/344, 4/330) Accusative case Tram, Tam (4/360) Ta, Ta (4/330,4/344) Instrumental case Tem, Tena, Tenan (4/333, 4/342, 1/27) Tahim, Tahim, Tehim (4/335, 4/347) Dative and Genitive case Ta, Ta Tasu, Tasu Taho; Taho, Tassu (4/338, 4/330, 4/345, 4/358) Ta, Ta Taham, Taham (4/339, 4/330, 4/345) Ablative case Taham, Taham (4/355, 4/330) Tahun, Tahum : (4/337, 4/330) Locative case Tahim, Tahir (4/357, 4/330) Tahim, Tahim (4/347, 4/330) 1. The declension of Masculine 'Ta' is according to the Masculine 'Savva' except its declension in the Nominative Singular, Accusative Singular and Genitive Singular. Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) 61 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Nominative case Accusative case Instrumental case Dative and Genitive case Ablative case Locative case 62 Neuter Ta (That) Singular Tram, Tam (4/360) Tram, Tam (4/360) Tem, Tena, Tenam (4/333, 4/342, 1/27) Ta, Ta Tasu, Tasu Taho, Taho, Tassu (4/358, 4/338, 4/330,4/345) Taham, Taham (4/355, 4/330) Tahim, Tahim (4/357, 4/330) Plural Ta, Ta, Taim, Taim (4/330, 4/353, 4/344) For Personal & Private Use Only Ta, Ta, Taim, Taim (4/330, 4/353, 4/344) Tahim, Tahim, Tehim (4/335, 4/347) Ta, Ta Taham, Taham (4/345, 4/330) Tahum, Tahum (4/337, 4/330) Tahim, Tahim (4/347, 4/330) Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-I)

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Feminine * Ta (She) Nominative case Singular Tram, Tan, Sa, Sa (4/360, 4/344, 4/330) Plural Ta, Ta, Tau, Tau, Tao, Tao (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) Accusative case Tram, Tam (4/360) Ta, Ta, Tau, Tau, Tao, Tao (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) Instrumental case Tae, Tae (4/349, 4/330) Tahim, Tahim (4/347, 4/330) Dative and Ta, Ta Tahe; Tahe (4/359, 4/330, Ta, Ta Tahu, Tahu (4/351, 4/345, 4/330) Genitive case 4/345) Ablative case Tahe, Tahe (4/350, 4/330) Tahu, Tahu (4/351, 4/330) Locative case Tahim, Tahim (4/352, 4/330) Tahim, Tahim (4/347, 4/330) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) 63 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Masculine - Ja (who) Nominative case Singular Dhrun, Ju, Ja, Ja, Jo (4/360, 4/331, 4/332, 4/344, 4/330) Plural : Ja, Ja (4/344, 4/330) Accusative case Dhrun, Ju, Ja, Ja (4/360, 4/331, 4/344, 4/330) Ja, Ja (4/344, 4/330) Instrumental case Jem, Jena, Jenam (4/333, 4/342, 1/27) Jahim, Jahim, Jehir (4/335, 4/347) Dative and Genitive case Ja, ja Jasu, Jasu, Jaho, Jaho, Jassu (4/358, 4/345, 4/330) Ja, Ja Jaham, Jaham (4/345, 4/330, 4/339) Ablative case Jaham, Jaham (4/355, 4/330) Jahur, Jahum (4/337, 4/330) Locative case Jahim, Jahim (4/357, 4/330) Jahim, Jahim (4/347, 4/330) 64 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Nominative case Accusative case Instrumental case Dative and Genitive case Ablative case Locative case Neuter Ja (which) Singular Dhrum, Ju (4/360) Dhrum, Ju (4/360) Jem, Jena, Jenam (4/333, 4/342, 1/27) Ja, Ja Jasu, Jasu, Jaho, Jaho Jassu (4/358, 4/345, 4/330) Jaham, Jaham (4/355, 4/330) Jahim, Jahim (4/357, 4/330) Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-I) Plural Ja, Ja, Jaim, Jaim (4/353, 4/344, 4/330) Ja, Ja, Jaim, Jaim (4/353, 4/344, 4/330) Jahim, Jahim, Jehim (4/335, 4/347) Ja, Ja Jaham, Jaham (4/345, 4/330) Jahum, Jahum (4/337, 4/330) Jahim, Jahim (4/347, 4/330) For Personal & Private Use Only 65

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Nominative case Accusative case Instrumental case Dative and Genitive case Ablative case Locative case 66 Feminine Ja (which) Singular Dhrum, Ju (4/360) Dhrum, Ju (4/360) Jae, Jae (4/349, 4/330) Ja, Ja Jahe, Jahe (4/359, 4/345, 4/350, 4/330) Jahe, Jahe (4/350, 4/330) Jahim, Jahim (4/352, 4/330) Plural Ja, Ja, Jau, Jau, Jao, Jao For Personal & Private Use Only (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) Ja, Ja, Jau, Jau, Jao, Jao (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) Jahim, Jahim (4/347, 4/330) Ja, Ja, Jahu, Jahu (4/351, 4/345 4/330) Jahu, Jahu (4/351, 4/330) Jahim, Jahim (4/347, 4/330) Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-1)

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Nominative case Accusative case Instrumental case Dative and Genitive case Ablative case Locative case Masculine - Ka (who) Singular Ka, Ka, Ku, Ko (4/331, 4/332 4/344, 4/330) Ka, Ka, Ku (4/331, 4/344 4/330) Kem, Kena, Kenam (4/333, 4/342, 1/27) Ka, Ka Kasu, Kasu, Kaho, Kaho Kassu (4/358, 4/345, 4/330) Kaham, Kaham, Kihe (4/355, 4/356, 4/330) Kahim, Kahim (4/357, 4/330) Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only Plural Ka, Ka (4/344, 4/330) Ka, Ka (4/344, 4/330) Kahim, Kahim, Kehim (4/335, 4/347) Ka, Ka Kaham, Kaham (4/345, 4/330, 4/339) Kahum, Kahum (4/337, 4/330) Kahim, Kahim (4/347, 4/330) 67

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Nominative case Neuter - Ka (who). Singular Ka, Ka, Ku (4/331, 4/344, 4/330) Plural Ka, Ka, Kaim, Kaim (4/353, 4/344, 4/330) Accusative case Ka, Ka, Ku (4/331, 4/344, 4/330) Ka, Ka, Kaim, Kaim (4/353, 4/344, 4/330). Instrumental case Kem, Kena, Kenan (4/333, 4/342, 1/27) Kahim, Kahim, Kehis (4/335, 4/347) Dative and Genitive case Ka, Ka Kasu, Kasu Kaho, Kaho, Kassu (4/358, 4/345, 4/330) Ka, Kai Kaham, Kaham (4/345, 4/330) Ablative case Kaham, Kaham, Kihe (4/355, 4/330 4/356) Kahum, Kahum (4/337, 4/330) Locative case Kahim, Kahim (4/357, 4/330) Kahin, Kahim (4/347, 4/330) 68 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Feminine. Ka (who) Nominative case Singular Ka, ka (4/344, 4/330) Plural Ka, Ka, Kau, Kau Kao, Kao (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) Accusative case Ka, Ka (4/344, 4/330) Ka, Ka, Kau, Kau Kao, Kao (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) Instrumental case Kae, Kae (4/349, 4/330) Kahim, Kahim (4/347, 4/330) Dative and Ka, Ka Kahe: Kahe (4/359,4/345, 4/350,4/330) Ka, Ka Kahu, Kahu (4/351, 4/345, 4/330) Genitive case Ablative case Kahe, Kahe (4/350, 4/330) Kahu, Kahu (4/351, 4/330) Locative case Kahim, Kahim (4/352, 4/330) Kahim, Kahim (4/347, 4/330) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) 69 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Masculine * Eta (This) Plural Nominative case Singular Eho (4/362) Ei (4/363) Accusative case Eho Ei (4/363) (4/362) . Instrumental case Etem, Etena, Etenam (4/333, 4/342, : Etahim, Etahin, Etehim (4/335, 4/347) 1/27). Dative Eta, Eta and Eta, Eta Etaham, Etaham (4/345, 4/330, 4/339) Etasu, Etasu, Etaho, Etaho, Etassu (4/338, 4/345, 4/330) Genitive case Ablative case Etaham, Etaham (4/355, 4/330) Etahum, Etahun (4/337, 4/330) Locative case Etahim, Etahim (4/357, 4/330) Etahim, Etahim (4/347, 4/330) 70 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Neuter - Eta (This) Singular Plural Nominative case Ei Ehu (4/362) (4/363) Accusative case Ei Ehu (4/362) (4/363) Instrumental case Etahim, Etahim, Etes, Etena, Etenam (4/333, 4/342, 1/27) Etehim (4/335, 4/347) Dative Eta, Eta and Eta, Eta Etaham, Etaham (4/345, 4/330, 4/339) Etasu, Etasu Etaho, Etaho, Etassu (4/338, 4/345, 4/330) Genitive case Ablative case Etaham, Etaham (4/355, 4/330) Etahum, Etahui (4/337, 4/330) Locative case Etahim, Etahim (4/357, 4/330) Etahim, Etahim (4/347, 4/330) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) 71 . For Personal & Private Use Only

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Feminine * Eta (This) Nominative case Singular Eha (4/362) Plural Ei (4/363) Accusative case Eha Ei (4/362) . (4/363) Instrumental case Etae, Etae (4/349, 4/330) Etahim, Etahir (4/347, 4/330). Dative and Eta, Eta Etahe, Etahe (4/350, 4/345, 4/330) Eta, Eta Etahu, Etahu (4/351, 4/345, 4/330) : Genitive case Ablative case Etahe, Etahe , (4/350, 4/330) Etahu, Etahu (4/351, 4/330) Locative case Etahim, Etahim (4/352, 4/330) Etahim, Etahim . (4/347, 4/330) 72 Advanced Apabhrarsa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Masculine *Ima (This) Plural Nominative case Ima, Ima (4/344, 4/330) Singular Ima, Ima, Imu, Imo (4/331, 4/332, 4/344, 4/330) Ima, Ima, Imu (4/331, 4/344, 4/330) Accusative case Ima, Ima (4/344, 4/330) Instrumental case Imen, Imena, Imenan (4/333, 4/342, 1/27) Imahim, Imahin, Imehim (4/335, 4/347) Dative and Ima, Ima Imasu, Imasu Imaho, Imaho, Imassu (4/338, 4/330, 4/345) Ima, Ima Imaham, Imaham (4/345, 4/330, 4/339) Genitive case Ablative case Imaham, Imaham (4/355, 4/330) Imahum, Imahui (4/337, 4/330) Locative case Imahim, Imahim (4/357, 4/330) Imahim, Imahir (4/347, 4/330) Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-1) 73 . For Personal & Private Use Only

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Neuter . Ima (This) Singuar Nominative case Imu (4/361) Plural Ima, Ima, Imaim, Imais (4/353, 4/344, 4/330) Accusative case Imu (4/361) Ima, Ima, Imais, Imaim . (4/353, 4/344, 4/330) Instrumental case Imer, Imena, Imenam (4/333, 4/342, Imahim, Imahim Imehim (4/335, 41347) 1/27) Dative and Genitive case * Imasu Ima, Ima Imasu, Imasu Imaho, Imaho, Imassu (4/338, 4/330, 4/345) Ima, Ima Imaham, Imaham (4/345, 4/330, 4/339) Ablative case Imaham, Imaham (4/355, 4/330) Imahum, Imahum (4/337, 4/330) Locative case Imahim, Imahim (4/357, 4/330) Imahim, Imahim (4/347, 4/330) 74 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #90
Nominative case Accusative case Instrumental case Dative and Genitive case Ablative case Locative case Feminine -Ima (This) Singular Ima, Ima (4/344, 4/330) Ima, Ima (4/344, 4/330) Imae, Imae (4/349, 4/330) Ima, Ima Imahe, Imahe (4/350, 4/345, 4/330) Imahe, Imahe (4/350, 4/330) Imahim, Imahim (4/352, 4/330) Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-]) For Personal & Private Use Only Plural Ima, Ima, Imau, Imau, Imao, Imao (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) Ima, Ima, Imau, Imau, Imao, Imao (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) Imahim, Imahim (4/347, 4/330) Ima, Ima Imahu, Imahu (4/351, 4/345, 4/330) Imahu, Imahu (4/351, 4/330) Imahim, Imahim (4/347, 4/330) 75

Page #91
Nominative case Accusative case Instrumental case Dative and Genitive case Ablative case Locative case 76 Masculine - Aya (This) Singular Aya, Aya, Ayu, Ayo (4/331, 4/332, 4/344, 4/330) Aya, Aya, Ayu (4/331, 4/344 4/330) Ayem, Ayena, Ayenam (4/333, 4/342, 1/27) Aya, Aya Ayasu, Ayasu Ayaho, Ayaho Ayassu (4/338, 4/330, 4/345) Ayaham, Ayaham (4/355, 4/330) Ayahim, Ayahim (4/357, 4/330) Plural Aya, Aya (4/344, 4/330) For Personal & Private Use Only Aya, Aya (4/344, 4/330) Ayahim, Ayahim Ayehim (4/335, 4/347) Aya, Aya Ayaham, Ayaham (4/345, 4/330, 4/339) Ayahum, Ayahum (4/337, 4/330) Ayahim, Ayahim (4/347, 4/330) Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-1)

Page #92
Neuter * Aya (This) Nominative case Singular Aya, Aya Ayu (4/331, 4/330, 4/344) Plural Aya, Aya Ayaim, Ayaim (4/344, 4/353, 4/330) Accusative case Aya, Aya Ayu (4/331, 4/330, 4/344) Aya, Aya Ayais, Ayaim (4/344, 4/353 4/330) Instrumental case Ayer Ayena, Ayenam (4/333, 4/342, 1/27) Ayahim Ayahim, Ayehim (4/335, 4/347) Dative and Aya, Aya Ayasu, Ayasu Ayaho, Ayaho Ayassu (4/338, 4/330) 4/345) Aya, Aya Ayahan, Ayaham (4/339, 4/330, 4/345) Genitive case Ablative case Ayaham, Ayaham (4/355, 4/330) Ayahum, Ayahum (4/337, 4/330) Locative case Ayahim, Ayahis (4/357, 47330) Ayahim, Ayahin (4/347, 4/330) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) 77 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #93
Nominative case Accusative case Instrumental case Dative and Genitive case Ablative case Locative case 78 Feminine Aya (This) Singular Aya, Aya (4/344, 4/330) * Aya, Aya (4/344, 4/330) Ayae, Ayae (4/349, 4/330) Aya, Aya Ayahe, Ayahe (4/350, 4/345, 4/330) Ayahe, Ayahe (4/350, 4/330) Ayahim, Ayahim, (4/352, 4/330) Plural Aya, Aya, Ayau, Ayau Ayao, Ayao (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) For Personal & Private Use Only Aya, Aya, Ayau, Ayau Ayao, Ayao (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) Ayahim, Ayahim (4/347, 4/330) Aya, Aya Ayahu, Ayahu (4/351, 4/345, 4/330) Ayahu, Ayahu (4/351, 4/330) Ayahim, Ayahim (4/347, 4/330) Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-I)

Page #94
Masculine * Amu (That) Nominative case Singular Amu, Amu (4/344, 4/330) Plural Oi (4/364) Accusative case Amu, Amu (4/344, 4/330) (4/364) Instrumental case Amuem, Amuem, Amuhim, Amuhim (4/347, 4/330) Amum, Amur, Amuna, Amuna, Amunas, Amunam (4/343, 4/330, 4/342, 1/27) Dative Amu, Amu Amu, Amu (4/345, 4/330) Amuhum, Amuhus and Genitive case Amuham, Amuham (4/340, 4/345, 4/330) Ablative case Amuhe, Amuhe (4/341, 4/330) Amuhum, Amuhus (4/341, 4/330) Locative case Amuhim, Amuhim (4/330, 4/341) Amuhim, Amuhim Amuhum, Amuhur (4/347, 4/340) Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-1) 79 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #95
Neuter - Amu (That) Nominative case Singular Amu, Amu (4/344, 4/330) Plural Oi (4/364) Accusative case Oi. Amu, Amu (4/344, 4/330) (4/364) Instrumental case Amuhim, Amuhim (4/347, 4/330). Amuem, Amuem, Amur, Amun, Amuna, Amuna, Amunam, Amunan (4/343, 4/330, 1/27) Amu, Amu (4/345, 4/330) Dative and Genitive case Amu, Amu Amuhum, Amuhum Amuham, Amuham (4/340, 4/345, 4/330) Ablative case Amuhe, Amuhe (4/341, 4/330) Amuhur, Amuhum (4/341, 4/330) Locative case Amuhim, Amuhim (4/341, 4/330) Amuhim, Amuhim Amuhum, Amuhur (4/347, 4/330, 4/340) 80 Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #96
Feminine - Amu (That) Plural Nominative case Singular Amu, Amu (4/344, 4/330) Oi (4/364) Accusative case Amu, Amu (4/344, 4/330) Oi (4/364) Instrumental case Amue, Amue (4/349, 4/330) Amuhim, Amuhim (4/347, 4/330) Dative and Genitive case Amu, Amu Amuhe, Amuhe (4/350, 4/345, 4/330) Amu, Amu Amuhu, Amuhu (4/351, 4/345, 4/330) Ablative case Amuhe, Amuhe (4/350, 4/330) Amuhu, Amuhu (4/351, 4/330) Locative case Amuhim, Amuhim (4/352, 4/330) Amuhim, Amuhim (4/347, 4/330) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) 81 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #97
Masculine - Kavana (who, what, which) Nominative case Singular Kavana, Kavana, Kavanu, Kavano (4/331, 4/332, 4/344, 4/330) Plural Kavana, Kavana (4/344, 4/330) Accusative case Kavana, Kavana (4/344, 4/330) Kavana, Kavana, Kavanu (4/331, 4/344, 4/330) Instrumental case Kavanes, Kavanena, Kavanenam (4/333, 4/342, Kavanahim, Kavanahim, Kavanehis (4/335, 4/347) 1/27) Dative and Kavana, Kavana Kavanasu, Kavanasu Kavanaho, Kavanaho, Genitive case Kavana, Kavana Kavanaham, Kavanaham (4/345, 4/330, 4/339) Kavanassu (4/338, 4/330, 4/345) Ablative case Kavanahar, Kavanaham (4/355, 4/330) Kavanahui, Kavanahum (4/337, 41330) Locative case Kavanahim, Kavanahim (4/357, 4/330) Kavanahim, Kavanahim (4/347, 4/330) 82 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #98
Nominative case Accusative case Instrumental case Dative and Genitive case Ablative case Neuter Kavana (who, what, which) Singular Kavana, Kavana, Kavanu (4/331, 4/330, 4/344) Locative case * Kavana, Kavana, Kavanu (4/331, 4/330, 4/344) Kavanem, Kavanena, Kavanenam (4/333, 4/342, 1/27) Kavana, Kavana Kavanasu, Kavanasu Kavanaho, Kavanaho, Kavanassu (4/338, 4/330, 4/345) Kavanaham, Kavanaham (4/355, 4/330) Kavanahim, Kavanahim (4/357, 4/330) Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only Plural Kavana, Kavana Kavanam, Kavanam (4/353, 4/344, 4/330) Kavana, Kavana Kavanam, Kavanam (4/353, 4/344, 4/330) Kavanahim, Kavanahim, Kavanehim (4/335, 4/347) Kavana, Kavana Kavanaham, Kavanaham (4/345, 4/330, 4/339) Kavanahum, Kavanahum (4/337, 4/330). Kavanahim, Kavanahim (4/347, 4/330) 83

Page #99
Feminine - Kavana (who, what, which) Singular Plural Nominative case Kavana, Kavana Kavana, Kavana (4/344, 4/330) Kavanau, Kavanau Kavanao, Kavanao (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) * Accusative case Kavana, Kavana (4/344, 4/330) : Kavana, Kavana Kavanau, Kavanau Kavanao, Kavanao (4/348, 4/344, 4/330) Instrumental case Kavanae, Kavanae (4/349, 4/330) Kavanahim, Kavanahim (4/347, 4/330) Dative and Kavana, Kavana Kavanahe, Kavanahe (4/350, 4/345, 4/330) Kavana, Kavana Kavanahu,Kavanahu (4/351, 4/345, 4/330) Genitive case Ablative case Kavanahe, Kavanahe (4/350, 4/330) Kavanahu,Kavanahu (4/351, 4/330) Locative case Kavanahim, Kavanahim (4/352, 4/330) Kavanahim, Kavanahin (4/347, 4/330) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Amha (1) In all the Genders Singular Plural Haui Amhe, Amhaim (4/375) (4/376) Nominative case Accusative case Maim (4/377) Amhe, Amhaim (4/376) Instrumental case Maim (4/377) Amhehir (4/378) Dative and Genitive case Mahu, Majjhu (4/379) Amhaham (4/380) Ablative case Mahu, Majjhu (4/379) Amhaha (4/380) Locative case Maim (4/377) Amhasu (4/381) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1 85 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #101
Tumha (You) In all the Genders Nominative case Singular Tuhum (4/368) Plural Tumhe, Tumhais (4/369) Accusative case Paim, Taim (4/370) Tumhe, Tumhaim (4/369) Instrumental case Paim, Taim (4/370) Tumhehim (4/371) Dative and Genitive case Tau, Tujjha, Tudhra (4/372) Tumhaham (4/373) Ablative case Tau, Tujjha, Tudhra (4/372) Tumhaham: (4/373) Locative case Paim, Taim (4/370) Tumhasu (4/374) In all the Genders - Kaim (who, what and which) In all the Numbers, cases and genders, the declension of 'Kaim' is always Kaim: 1 1. Apabhramsa Bhasa Ka Adhyayana by Virendra Srivastava P 180. Note : The declension of the above-mentioned Nouns and Pronouns are according to Hemcandraas Apabhraisa Grammar. 86 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #102
Appendix - 2 Rules of Combination utilised in the Sutras For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #103
Vowel Combination If after i there is a different Vowel like a, a,e and o etc. then there occurs 'y'in place of "l'. Si+ Amoh = Syamoh (Sutra-4/331) Si+ Adau * Syadau (Sutra-4/330). Bhisi+ Et : Bhisyet (Sutra-4/335) Pussi+ Ot * Pussyot (Sutra-4/332) 2. If after a, a there exists i ori then there occurs "ein place of both. Ca+It : Cet (Sutra-4/343) Nina + It : Ninet (Sutra-4/334) 2 If after a, a there exists u then there occurs 'o' in place of both. Asya+Ut - Asyot (Sutra-4/331) If after a, a there is a or a then there occurs 'a' in their place. Na + Anusvarau = Nanusvarau (Sutra-4/342) If after au there exist a etc. Vowel then there occurs 'av'in their place. Sau+ Asmadah - Savasmadah (Sutra-4/375) Consonant Combination 6. Ifafter 't' there is u, v, o etc. then there occurs 'd' in place of 't. It + Utah - Idutah (Sutra-4/343) Ot+Va= Odva (Sutra-4/332) Ut+ Ot: Udot (Sutra-4/348) 88 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #104
7. If after 't' there is c'then 't' becomes 'c' also. Ninet + Ca - Ninecca (Sutra-4/334) 8. If after 't' there is 't' then 't' becomes 't also. Et + Ti - Etti (Sutra-4/333) 9. If at the end of a word there is 'm'and ahead there is some Consonant, then 'm' changes into Anusvaral -- ). Striyam + Dahe = Striyam Dahe (Sutra-4/359) Visarga Combination 9. If before visarga there exist vowels like i,e,o and not a or a and after visarga there exist vowels like a etc. or consonants like i, j, dh, n, h etc. then visarga changes into 'r'. Sasoh+ Amhe - Sasoramhe (Sutra-4/376) Adeh+ Naseh : Adernaseh (Sutra-4/355) Eih+ Jas * Eirjas (Sutra-4/363) Syamoh+Dhrun * Syamordhrum (Sutra-4/360) Dasuh+ Na : Dasurna (Sutra-4/358) Naseh+ He = Naserhe (Sutra-4/336) 10. If before visarga there is a or a and if after visarga there are some vowels then visarga disappears. Adasah+ Oi = Adasa Oi (Sutra-4/364) Idamah+Aya = Idama Aya (Sutra-4/365) 11. If before visarga there is a and if after visarga there are n, d, n, h, v etc. then a and visarga jointly become 'o'. Kimbhyah+ Nasah - Kimbhyo Nasah (Sutra-4/358) Kimah+ Dihe. * Kimo Dihe (Sutra-4/356) Nasah+ Dasu. Naso Dasu (Sutra-4/358) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) 89 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #105
Attah+ Na Amah+ Har Sahah+ Va * Atto Na (Sutra-4/342) . * Amo Ham (Sutra-4/339) : Saho Vu (Sutra-47366). 12. If after visarga there is 't' then there occurs 's' in place of visarga. Sasoh+ Tumhe - Sasostumhe (Sutra-4/369) 90 Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

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Appendix - 3 Summary of the Grammatical analysis of Sutras For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #107
Sutra Serial Number Sutra Number Combination rule (2) (3) . (4) (1) 1. 4/331 1,10,3 Syamorasyota [(Si)+(Amo")+(Asya)+ (Ut)] 4/332 Sau Pumsyodva [(Pumsi)+ (Ot)+ (Va)] 4/333 Etti [(Et)+ (Ti)] 4/334 Ninecca [(Nina)+ (lt)+ (Ca)] Bhisyedva [(Bhisi)+ (Et) + (Va)] 4/336 Naserhe - Hu [(Naseh)+ (He) - (Hu)] 4/337 Bhyaso Hum [(Bhyasah)+ (Hum)] Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #108
Original Word Declension Following the Declinable word Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5) (6) (7) Si Amoh (Si) (Am) 6/2 (A) 6/1 (Ut)6/1 Asya Ut Bhubhrt Rama Bhubhrt Sau Pursi (Si) 7/1 (Purs) 7/1 (Ot) 1/1 (Va) Hari Bhubhrt Bhubhrt Ot Bhubhrt 14.1 ados en los des lih (Et)1/1 (Ta)7/1 Ti Gopa Nina Hari (Ni) 3/1 (lt) 1/1 (Ca) Bhubhrt Ca . Bhisi (Bhis) 7/1 (Et) 1/1 (Va). : Bhubhrt Bhubhrt Et Naseh Hari He. (Nasi) 6/1 (He) (Hu) 1/2 Hu Guru Bhyasah Hum . (Bhyas) 6/1 (Hum) 1/1 Bhubhrt Following the tradition Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) 93 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #109
Serial Number (1) 8. 10. 11. 12. 13. 94 Sutra Number (2) 4/339 4/338 Nasah Su-Ho-Ssavah 4/340 4/341 4/342 Sutra 4/343 (3) Amo Ham [(Amah)+ (Ham)] Hum Cedudbhyam [(Ca)+(It)+(Udbhyam)] Nasi-Bhyas-Ninam He-Hum-Hayah [(Ninam) + (He)]Hum-Hayah Atto Nanusvarau [(At)+ (Tah)+(Na)+ (Anusvarau)] Em Cedutah [(Ca)+ (It)+ (Utah)] Combination For Personal & Private Use Only rule (4) 12 2,6 9 8,12,4 2,6 Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-1)

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Original Word Declension Following the Declinable word Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5) (6) (7) Bhubhrt Nasah Su Ho Ssavah (Nas) 6/1 (Su) (Ho) (Ssu)1/3 Guru Amah Har (Am) 6/1 (Ham) 1/1 Bhubhrt Following the tradition Following the tradition Hum Sa (Hum) 1/1 (Ca) (lt) (Ut)5/2 Udbhyam Bhubhrt Hari Nasi Bhyas Ninam Ne Hur Hayah (Nasi) (Bhyas) (Ni)6/3 (He) (Hum) (Hi) 1/3 . Following the tradition Hari Rama Gopa At :: Tah Na Anusvarau (A) 5/1 (Ta)6/1 (Na) (Anusvara) 1/2 Rama Em Following the tradition Ca (ER)1/1 (Ca) (It) (Ut) 5/1 Utah Bhubhrt Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-1) 95 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #111
Sutra Serial Number Sutra Number Combination rule (1) 14. (2) 4/344 (3) Syam - Jas - Sasar - Luk [(Si)+ (Am)) - Jas - [(sasam) + (Luk)] 1.9 15.. 4/345 Sasthyah 16. 4/346 12 Amantrye Jaso Hoh [(Jasah) + (Hoh) 17. 10 Bhissuporhim [(Bhis) + (Supoh) + (Him)] 18. 4/348 9,10,6 Striyas Jas - Sasorudot [(Striyam) + (Jas) - (Sasoh) (Ut) + (Ot) ] 19. 4/349 Ta E [(sah)+ (E)] 20. 4/350 Nas-Nasyorhe [(Nasyoh)+ (He)] 96 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #112
Original Word Declension Following the Declinable word Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5) (6) (7) Si Hari Am Jas Sasam Luk (Si) (Am) (Jas) (Sasa) 6/3 (Luk) 1/1 Bhubhrt Bhubhrt Sasthyah (Sasthi) 6/1 Stri Amantrye Jasah (Amantrya) 7/1 (Jas)6/1 (Ho) 1/1 Ram Bhubhrt Following the tradition Hoh Bhis Supoh Him (Bhis) (Sup)6/2 (Him)1/1 Bhubhrt Following the tradition . Stri Striyam Jas Sasoh Ut (Stri) 7/1 (as) (Sas) 6/2 (Ut)1/1 (Ot)1/1 Bhubhrt Bhubhrt Bhubhrt Tah (Ta) 6/1 (E)1/1 Gopa Following the tradition E Nas Nasyoh He ( Nas) (Nasi)6/2 (He)1/1 (He 1/1 Hari Following the tradition ... Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-I) 97 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #113
Sutra Combination Serial Number Sutra Number rule (1) (4) (2) 4/351 21. (3) Bhyasamorhuh [(Bhyas) + (Amo))+ (Huh) ] 4,10 22. 4/352 Nerhim 23. Klibe Jas-Sasorim [(Jas)- (Sasoh) + (m)] 24. 4/354 4,11,1 Kantasyat UTM Syamoh [(Ka)+ (Antasya) + (Atah) (UTM)+ (Si) + (Amoh) ] 25. 4/330 Syadau Dirgha-Hrasvau [(Si) + (Adau)] 26. 4/355 4,10 Sarvadernaserham [(Sarva)+ (Adeh)+ (Naseh)+ (Han)] 98 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #114
Original Word Declension Following the Declinable word Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5) (6) (7) Bhyas Amoh (Bhyas) (Am) 6/2 (Hu)1/1 Bhubhrt Guru Huh Neh Him (Ni) 6/1 (Him)1/1 Hari Following the tradition Ram Klibe Jas ( Kliba) 7/1 (Jas) (Sas) 6/2 (lm) 1/1 Sasoh Bhubhrt Following the tradition Im ka Antasya Atah Um Si Amoh (Ka) : (Anta) 6/1 (At) 5/1 (UTM)1/2 (Si) (Am) 6/2 Rama Bhubhrt Following the tradition Bhubhrt Si (Si) Hari Adau.. Dirgha Hrasvau (Adi) 7/1 (Dirgha) (Hrasva) 1/2 Rama Sarva Adeh Naseh Ham (Sarva) (Adi) 5/1 (Nasi) 6/1 (Ham)1/1 Hari Hari Following the tradition Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) 99 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #115
Sutra Combination Serial Number Sutra Number rule (2) (3) (4) (1) 27. 4/356 Kimo Dihe Va [(Kimah) + (Dihe)] 28. 4/357 10 Nerhim [(Neh) + (Him)] 29. 4/358 12,10 Yattatkimbhyo Naso Dasurna Va [(Yat) + (Tat) + (Klmbhyah) + (Nasah) + (Dasuh) + (Na) ] 30. 4/359 Striyam Dahe [(Striyam) + (Dahe)] 31. 4/360 1,10 Yattadah Syamordhrun Tram [(Yat) + (Tadah - Tatah)] [(Si)+ (Amo")+ (Dhrum)] Tram 32. 4/361 Idamah Imuh Klibe 100 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #116
Original Word Declension Following the Declinable word Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5) (6) (7) Kimah (Kim) 5/1 (Dihe) 1/1 (Va) Bhubhrt Following the tradition Dihe Va Neh (Ni) 6/1 (Him)1/1 Hari Following the tradition Him he tradition Yat : Tat Kimbhyah Nasah Dasuh (Yat) (Tat) (Kim) 5/3 (Nas) 6/1 (Dasu) 1/1 (Na) Bhubhrt Bhubhrt Guru Na Va (Va) Striyam (Stri) Dahe .. (Dahe) 1/1 Stri Following the tradition Bhubhrt Yat (Yat) Tadah+Tatah (Tat) 5/1 Si (Si). Amoh (Am) 7/2 Dhrun (Dhrum) 1/1 Tram . (Tram) 1/1 Bhubhrt Following the tradition Following the tradition Idamah Imuh Klibe (Idam) 5/1 (Imu) 1/1 (Kliba) 7/1 Bhubht Guru Rama Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) 101 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #117
Sutra Serial Number Sutra Number Combination rule (1) (2) (3) 33. 4/362 Etadah Stri-Pum-Klibe Eha Eho Ehu 34.. 4/363 Eirjas-Sasoh [{Eih) + (Jas)] 35. 4/364 Adasa Oi [(Adasah) + (Oi)] 36. 4/365 Idama Ayah [(ldamah) + (Ayah)] 37. 4/366 Sarvasya Saho Va [(Sahah) + (Va)] 38. 4/367 Kimah Kaim-Kavanau Va 102 Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-I) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #118
Following the Declinable word Inflected/Original Original Word word occuring Declension in the Sutra (5) (6) (7) Bhubhrt Etadah -Etatah (Etat)5/1 Stri (Stri) Pur (Pum) Klibe (Kliba) 7/1 Eha (Eha) 1/1 Eho (Eho)1/1 Ehu (Ehu)1/1 Ram Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Eih Hari Jas Sasoh (Ei)1/1 (Jas) (Sas) 7/2 Bhubhrt Adasah Oi (Adas) 5/1 (Oi) 1/1 Bhubhrt Following the tradition (Idam) 6/1 Idamah Ayah Bhubhrt Bhubhrt (Aya) 1/1 Rama Sarvasya Sahah Va (Sarva) 6/1 (Saha) 1/1 Rama (Va). Bhubhrt Kimah Kaim Kavanau (Kim) 6/1 (Kaim) 6/1 (Kavana) 1/2 (Va) Rama Va Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) 103 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Serial Number (1) 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 104 Sutra Number (2) 4/368 4/369 4/371 4/372 Sutra 4/373 (3) 4/370 Ta-Nyama Paim Taim [(Ni) + (Ama)] Yusmadah Sau Tuhum Jas-Sasostumhe Tumhaim [(Sasoh) + (Tumhe)] Bhisa Tumhehim Nasi-Nasbhyam Tau Tujjha Tudhra [(Nasbhyam) + (Tau)] Combination rule For Personal & Private Use Only (4) 13 9 Bhyasambhyam Tumhaham [(Bhyas) + (Ambhyam)+ (Tumhaham)] 9 Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-1)

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Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra Original Word Declension Following the Declinable word (5) (6) (7) Yusmadah Sau Tuhum (Yusmad) 5/1 (Si) 7/1 (Tuhum) 1/1 Bhubhrt Hari Following the tradition Jas Sasoh Tumhe Tumhair (Jas) (Sas) 7/2 (Tumhe) 1/1 (Tumhaim) 1/1 Bhubhrt Following the tradition Following the tradition Ta Ni Ama Paim Taim (Ta) (Ni) (Ama) 3/1 (Paim) (Taim) Bhubhrt Following the tradition Following the tradition Bhisa Tumhehim (Bhis) 3/1 (Tumhehis) 1/1 Bhubhrt Following the tradition Nasi Nasbhyam Tau Tujjha Tudhra (Nasi) (Nas) 3/2 (Tau) 1/1 (Tujjha) 1/1 (Tudhra) 1/1 Bhubhrt Following the tradition Following the tradition Following the tradition Bhyas Ambhyam Tumhaham (Bhyas) (Ambhyam) 3/2 (Tumhaham) 6/1 Bhubhrt Following the tradition Advanced Apabhrarsa Grammar (Part-I) 105 For Personal & Private Use Only

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Serial Number (1) 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 106 Sutra Number (2) 4/374 4/375 4/376 4/377 4/378 4/379 4/380 4/381 Sutra (3) Tumhasu Supa Savasmado Haum [(Sau) + (Asmadah) + (Haum)] Jas-Sasormhe Amhaim [(Sasoh) + (Amhe)] Ta-Nyama Maim [(Ni) + (Ama)] Amhehim Bhisa Combination Mahu Majjhu Nasi-Nasbhyam Amhaham Bhyasambhyam [(Bhyas) + (Ambhyam)] Supa Amhasu For Personal & Private Use Only rule (4) 5,12 10 1 Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-I)

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Inflected/Original word occuring in the Sutra (5) Tumhasu Supa Sau Asmadah Haum Jas Sasoh Amhe Amhaim Ta Ni Ama Maim Amhehim Bhisa Mahu Majjhu Nasi Nasbhyam Amhaham Bhyas Ambhyam Supa Amhasu Original Word Declension (6) (Tumhasu) 7/1 (Sup) 3/1 (Si) 7/1 (Asmad) 5/1 (Haum) 1/1 (Jas) (Sas) 7/2 (Amhe) 1/1 (Amhaim) 1/1 (Ta) (Ni) (Am) 3/1 (Maim) 1/1 (Amhehim) 1/1 (Bhis) 3/1 (Mahu) 1/1 (Majjhu) 1/1 (Nasi) (Nas) 3/2 (Amhaham) 1/1 (Bhyas) (Am) 3/2 (Sup) 3/1 (Amhasu) 1/1 Advanced Apabhramsa Grammar (Part-I) Following the Declinable word (7) Following the tradition Bhubhrt Hari Bhubhrt Following the tradition Bhubhrt Following the tradition Following the tradition Bhubhrt Following the tradition Following the tradition Bhubhrt Following the tradition Following the tradition Bhubhrt Following the tradition Bhubhrt Bhubhrt Following the tradition For Personal & Private Use Only 107

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Reference Books 1. Hemacandra Prakrta Vyakarana : Vyakhyata Sri Pyara Candaji Bhaga 1-2 Maharaja (Sri Jaina Divakara Divya Jyoti Karyalaya, Mevali Bajara, Byavara) 2. Praksta Bhasaom Ka Vyakarana : Dr. R. Pischel ; (Bihara Rastrabhasa Parisad, Patana) 3. Abhinava Prakrta Vyakarana : Dr. Nemicandra Sastri (Tara Pablikesana, Varanasi) 4. Prakrta Margopadesika : Pam. Becaradas Jivaraja Dosi (Motilala Banarasidasa, Delhi) 5.Praudha Racananuvada Kaumudi: Dr. Kapiladeva Dvivedi (Visvavidyalaya, Prakasana Varanasi) 6. Paia-Sadda-Mahannavo : Pam. Haragovindadasa Trikamacanda Setha (Prakrta Grantha Parisad, Varanasi) 7. Apabhraisa-Hindi Kosa, : Dr. Naresa Kumara Bhaga 1-2 (Indo-Vijana Pra. Lt.) II A, 220, Nehru Nagar, Gajiyabada) 8. Apabhraisa of Hemacandra : Dr. Kantilala Baladevarama Vyasa (Prakrta Text Society, Ahmedabad) 108 Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) For Personal & Private Use Only

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: A. M. Ghataga 9. Introduction of Ardha Magadhi 10. Katantra Vyakarana (School and College Book Stall, Kolhapur) : Ganini Aryika Ganamati (Digambara Jaina Triloka Sodha Samsathana, Hastinapur, Meerut) : Dr. Nemichandra Sastri (Caukhambha Vidyabhavan, 11. Praksta-Prabodha Varanasi - 1) 12. Vrhad Anuvada-Candrika : Cakradhara Nautiyala 'Hamsa' (Motilala Banarasidasa Narayana, Pheja - 1, Delhi) Advanced Apabhraisa Grammar (Part-1) 109 For Personal & Private Use Only

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