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________________ AcArya kundakunda aura unakA dArzanika avadAna DaoN0 prabhudayAlu agnihotrI upaniSatkAlottara dArzanika cintakoM meM AcArya kundakunda kA sthAna mUrdhanya hai| vaidika aura avaidika donoM darzana-mArgoM meM unako zraddhA ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| jaina dhArmika paramparA meM vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra aura gautama ke pazcAt tRtIya sthAna para pratiSThita haiM maGgalaM bhagavAn vIro maGgalaM gautmognnii| maGgalaM kundakundAryoM jainadharmo'stu maGgalam // prAkRta pAhuDoM ke racanAkAra ke rUpa meM vaha digambara jaina sampradAya ke sarvAdhika sammAnita AcArya haiN| unakI racanAoM meM samayasAra, pravacanasAra aura paMcAstikAya sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa mAnI jAtI haiM, yadyapi jainAcAra-vicAra ke vivecana kI dRSTi se niyamasAra, rayaNasAra, aSTa (dasaNa, cAritra, sutta, voha, bhAva, mokkha, liMga, sIla) pAhuDa, daza (tIrthakara, siddha, cAritra, anagAra, AcArya, nirvANa, paMcaparameSThi, naMdIzvara, zAnti, zruta) bhakti aura bArasaaNuvekkhA kA mUlya bhI kama nahIM hai / yo paramparA inheM 84 pAhuDoM kA racayitA mAnatI hai| __ AcArya kundakunda kA mUla nAma ajJAta hai| devasenAcArya ke darzanasAra se inakA dIkSA nAma padmanandi jJAta hotA hai jai paumaNaMdi-NAho sImaMdhara saami-divvnnaannnn| Na vivohai to samaNA kaha sumaggaM payANaMti // 23 // inakA kundakunda nAma janma-grAma koNDakuNDa (tamilanADu meM guntakula ke pAsa) ke nAma para prasiddha huaa| anya mahAn dArzanikoM ke samAna isa AcArya ko janma dene kA zreya bhI dakSiNa bhArata ko prApta hai| bhakti aura darzana donoM ke AgamoM aura sUtroM ke nibandhana kA kArya dhura dakSiNa meM huaa| inake pitA kA nAma karamaNDu aura mAtA kA nAma zrImatI batalAyA jAtA hai| anya mahAn santoM aura vidvAnoM ke samAna kundakunda ke jIvana ke sAtha bhI aneka kiMvadantiyA~ jur3I huI haiN| phira bhI itanA lagabhaga nirvivAda hai ki vaha mUlasaMgha ke Adi pravartaka the jisakI sattA caturtha-paMcama zatI IsvI meM prApta hotI hai| inhIM ke grAma se prabhUta muni paramparA ko kundakundAnvaya ke nAma se (jisakA astitva saptama I. se milane lagatA hai) abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| AcArya kundakunda ke samaya ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM mataikya nahIM hai / paramparA unheM pahalI yA dUsarI IsvI zatAbdI se jor3atI hai kintu unake granthoM meM prayukta bhASA evaM tatkAlIna sthiti para unake dvArA kI gayI TippaNiyoM evaM zvetAmbaroM para unake dvArA kiye hue AkSepoM tathA unake dvArA nirUpita anya dhArmika evaM dArzanika matoM ko anya bhAratIya sAhitya kI pRSThabhUmi meM dekhane para unakA samaya caturtha IsvI zatAbdI ke pUrva kA nahIM jAna par3atA / vaha sAMkhyakArikA aura prasthAnatrayI ke madhyavartI vicAraka haiN| samayasAra kI prathama kArikA unase pUrva zrutakevaliyoM kI lambI zrRMkhalA kA AbhAsa detI hai| yaha bAta bhI ukta dhAraNA kI puSTi karatI hai| cAhe vaha dvitIya zatAba meM rahe hoM yA caturtha meM, isase unakI mahattA meM koI antara nahIM AtA hai| Adya zaMkarAcArya se to pUrvavartI vaha the hii| kundakunda kI racanAoM meM samayasAra sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa hai| isa para Age savistAra carcA kI jaaegii| pravacanasAra meM 275 gAthAyeM haiM jo jJAna, jJaya aura cAritra ina tIna zra taskandhoM meM vibhAjita haiN| isameM AtmA ke mUla guNa-jJAna ke svarUpa, sarvajJatA kI siddhi, zubha, azubha aura zuddhopayoga tathA moha, kSaya jaise AtmA se sIdhe sambandhita viSayoM kA vivecana hai| dvitIya skandha meM jJaya arthAt dravya, guNa, paryAya, saptamaMgInaya, pudgala, nizcaya aura vyavahAra Adi kA nirUpaNa hai| cAritrAdhikAra meM zramaNoM kI dIkSA tathA unakI kAyika-mAnasika sAdhanAoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| paMcAstikAya meM kUla 181 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM pAMca astikAyoM--jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura AkAza ke svarUpa kI mImAMsA hai| yaha grantha kA prathama skandha hai| dvitIya skandha meM puNya, pApa, jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA evaM mokSa 144 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ kI carcA hai / samayasAra, pravacanasAra aura paMcAstikAya para amRtacandra sUri evaM jayasena kI bar3I vidvattApUrNa TIkAe~ upalabdha haiN| niyamasAra samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra ko mokSa kA sAdhana batalAte hue unake svarUpa kA vivecana karatA hai| isameM 187 gAthAe~ haiM / isakI 81 gAthAoM meM AvazyakoM ke svarUpa kA vistAra se kathana kiyA gayA hai| ye Avazyaka haiM-pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna, AlocanA, kAyotsarga, sAmAyika evaM paramabhakti / vaha Avazyaka se hIna zramaNa ko cAritra bhraSTa mAnate haiM / purANa- puruSa yadi kevalI hue haiM to AvazyakoM ke anuSThAna se hI / anta meM mokSa ke svarUpa para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai / kundakunda yoga bhakti ko Avazyaka kriyA kA aMga mAnate haiN| unake anusAra RSabha Adi jinendra yoga-bhakti ke dvArA hI nirvANa ke adhikArI bne| isI dRSTi se unhoMne pRthak-pRthak rUpa se dasa bhaktiyoM kI racanA kii| ye bhakti-racanAe~ 7 se lekara 27 taka gAthAoM meM upalabdha haiM aura stavana-vandanaparaka evaM bhAvanAtmaka haiM / sUtrapAhuDa meM batalAyA gayA hai| ki sUtra ko pakar3a kara calane vAlA hI pAramArthya ko prApta karatA hai| sUtra ve haiM jinake artha kA upadeza tIrthaMkara ne aura grantha racanA gaNadharoM ne kI hai / sUtrapAhuDa se patA calatA hai ki kundakunda ke samaya meM jinAgamasUtra vartamAna the| isa grantha meM unhoMne muni nagnatva kA nirUpaNa aura striyoM kI pravrajyA kA niSedha kiyA hai| saMbhava hai yaha tatkAlIna bauddha bhikSuoM ke patana se janya pratikriyA kA pariNAma ho jo dhIre-dhIre parigrahI bana gaye the| isase zvetAmbara aura digambara pravibhAgoM ke na kevala astitva, apitu unakI paraspara spardhA kA bhI patA calatA hai / cAritrapAhuDa kI 44 gAthAoM meM jJAna aura darzana ke mela se utpanna samyakcAritra hai / samyaktva cAritra aura saMyama cAritra ke sAtha, samyaktva ke ATha aMgoM aura saMyama ke sAgAra-anagAra bhedoM tathA unake dharmoM yathA - aNu-guNa aura zikSAvratoM, paMcendriya saMvaroM, paccIsa kriyAoM ke sAtha pAMca vratoM, pAMca samitiyoM aura tIna guptiyoM kA nirUpaNa isa pAhUDa meM hai| 62 gAthAoM vAle boSapAhuDa meM Ayatana caityagRha, jinapratimA bimba, mudrA, jJAna, deva, tIrtha, arhat aura pravrajyA ina gyAraha ke vAstavika svarUpa kI vyAkhyA hai / bhAvapAhuDa kA kalevara kucha bar3A hai| isameM 165 gAthAe~ haiN| isameM citta-zuddhi kI mahattA kA varNana hai / isameM dravyaliMgI aura bhAvaliMgI zramaNoM meM bheda karate hue yaha batalAyA hai ki binA pariNAmoM zuddha Aye, rAga-dveSa Adi kaSAyoM ke chUTe aura Atma-ramaNa kI sthiti meM pahuMce Atma-kalyANa saMbhava nahIM / tadarthaM lekhaka ne aneka siddha aura prasiddha muniyoM ke udAharaNa bhI prastuta kiye haiN| isa pAhU kA sAhityika mUlya anya pAhuDoM kI apekSA adhika hai| giSA kI 22 gAthAoM meM una pravRttiyoM kI nindA kI gayI hai jo muni ke patana kA kAraNa banatI haiN| yaha pAhuDa sAmayika paristhitiyoM kA acchA citra bhI prastuta karatA hai / bhAvaniSTha zramaNoM ko 'pAsatya' se bhI nikRSTa batalAte hue unheM tiryaJcayonigAmI kahA hai / zIlapAhuDa meM 44 gAthAe~ haiM jinameM zIla ko dharmasAdhanA kA pramukha aMga batalAyA hai / vyAkaraNa, chanda, vaizeSika, vyavahAra aura nyAya - zAstra ye saba tabhI sArthaka haiM jaba unake sAtha zIla bhI ho| darzanapAhuDa kI 26 gAthAoM meM samyagdarzana ko nirvANa ke lie anivArya batalAyA gayA hai aura mokkhapAhuDa kI 106 gAthAoM meM mokSa ke svarUpa kA varNana hai / bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA -- ina tIna AtmarUpoM ke sAtha mokSa ke upAyoM kI vyAkhyA isa pAhuDa meM hai / prazna uThatA hai ki yadi AtmA sArI upAdhiyoM se rahita zuddha svabhAva hai to jJAna, darzana aura cAritra se usakA kyA sambandha ? uttara meM kundakunda kahate haiM vavahAreNu vadissadi NANissa carita daMsaNaM jANaM / gavi gANaM Na caritaM Na daMsaNaM jANago suddho // 7 // jJApaka AtmA zuddha hai phira bhI vyavahAra-dRSTyA hama usake caritra, darzana aura jJAna kA upadeza karate haiN| zaMkarAcArya ne pAramArthikI sattA se pRthak vyAvahArikI sattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| vizuddha mukta sthiti kA zabdoM meM varNana karanA kaThina hotA hai kyoMki vaha zabdAtIta sthiti hotI hai / isIlie vizva ke prAyaH sabhI prAcIna cintakoM ne rUpakoM ke dvArA isa sthiti kA citraNa kiyA hai| kundakunda isake liye tarka dete haiM jaha gavi sabakamaNa jo, aNajjabhAsaM vigAu gAhedaM / taha vavahAreNa viNA paramatthu vadesaNa masakkaM // 8 // jaise - videzI vyakti yadi hamArI bhASA ko nahIM samajhatA to hama use usI kI bhASA meM apanI bAta samajhA dete haiM, isa taraha vaha hamArI bAta samajha letA hai / yahI sthiti sAmAnyajanoM kI hai jo nizcaya-naya ko samajhane meM akSama hote haiM, unake lie vyavahAra-naya kA Azraya lenA zrutakevalI kI vivazatA hai / kundakunda jAnate the ki sAmAjika jIvana meM vyavahAranaya ko asvIkRta karanA zakya nahIM hai| hara vyakti kI pahuMca tattva kI gahana paryAyoM taka sambhava nahIM, kucha sthUla paryAyoM taka hI usakI gati ho sakatI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mokSa ke jo cAra mArga batalAye thejJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa --- unameM kundakunda ne prathama tIna para adhika bala diyaa| tapa kA antarbhAva cAritra meM ho jAtA hai| vyavahAranaya ko svIkAra karate hue bhI prAyaH unakI vyAkhyAe~ aura sthApanAe~ nizcayanaya para AdhArita hai kyoMki nizcayanaya kA dRSTikoNa hI sUkSma aura Atmagamya hai / isIlie darzana ke kSetra meM kundakunda nizcayanaya ke pravaktA mAne jAte haiM / unhoMne kahA hI hai-- daMsaNaNANacaritAni sevidavvANi sAhuNA NiccaM / tANi puNa jANa tiSNi vi appANaM caiva Nicchayado // 16 // jaMga darzana mImAMsA 145
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________________ unake mata meM vyavahAramaya satyArtha ko pUrNatayA prakAzita nahIM kara sktaa| yaha kAma zuddhanaya hI kara sakatA hai aura binA tattvArtha kA Azraya liye jIva ko samyagdRSTi kI upalabdhi saMbhava nahIM hai vavahAro bhUdattho bhUdattho desido du suddhnno| bhUdatthamassido khalu sammAdiTThI havadi jIvo // 11 // rayaNasAra meM ratnatraya kA vivecana hai| isameM zrAvaka aura muni ke AcAra kA bhI varNana hai| isameM samyagdarzana ke 70 guNoM aura 44 doSoM kA bhI kathana hai| zrutAbhyAsa kI AvazyakatA aura svecchAcAra kA niSedha hai| kucha loga isake kundakunda-kRta hone meM saMdeha prakaTa karate haiN| dvAdazAnuprekSA kI 61 gAthAoM meM adhra va, anitya, azaraNa, ekatva, anyatva, saMsAra, loka, azucibhAva, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA aura dharma-ina bAraha bhAvanAoM kI vyAkhyA hai| Upara pAThakoM kI suvidhA ke lie granthoM ke prAkRta nAmoM kA saMskRta rUpa diyA gayA hai| ina granthoM meM samyak darzana, zIla, cAritra Adi arthAt jIvana kI zuddhatA, saMyama evaM vratoM ke dvArA mokSa-prApti ke upAyoM para bala hai| unameM sthAna-sthAna para AvRttiyA~ aura piSTapeSaNa bhI mileMge / aneka sthAnoM meM nIrasatA bhI ubA dene kI sImA taka hai| phira bhI granthakAra kI lokopakAra aura jIvanapAvitrya kI tIvra icchA sarvatra pratibimbita hai| kundakunda kI isa sAdhanagranthamAlA kA sumeru hai--samayasAra, jo apanI gambhIra sUkSmadRSTi, maulikatA evaM pratipAdana-zailI ke lie ajaina vidvAnoM meM bhI bahuta samAdRta hai| samayasAra jisakA granthakAra-pradatta nAma samayapAhuDa hai, 415 gAthAoM meM nibaddha Atmadarzana kA pratipAdaka grantha hai| granthakAra ne pAhuDa zabda kA prayoga tattva, sAra ke tathA samaya zabda kA prayoga AtmA ke artha meM kiyA hai aura sAtha hI yaha bhI svIkAra kiyA hai ki maiM jo kucha rahA hUM usameM merA kucha nahIM, maiM to zrutakevalI siddhoM kI bAtoM ko hI doharA rahA hU~--suyakevalI bhaNiyaM / unhoMne AtmA ke do bheda kie-svasamaya aura parasamaya / samyaka jJAna, darzana aura cAritra meM sthita jIva kA dUsarA nAma hai-svasamaya aura jo pudgala se sambandhita kAryoM aura pariNAmoM se Abaddha ho, vaha parasamaya kahA jAegA jIvo carittadasaNaNANadvido taMhi samayaM jANa / poggala kammuvadesaTThiyaM cata jANa parasamayaM // 2 // kundakunda kI yaha gAthA yogadarzana ke tadA draSTuH svarUpe'vasthAnam kA smaraNa dilAtI hai / AtmA vAstavika rUpa meM sArI upAdhiyoM se mukta zuddharUpa hai| yahI usakA svarUpa hai / jaina aura vedAntI donoM hI AtmA ke isa rUpa ko anAdi kAla se svIkAra karate haiM, jisakA kAraNa donoM ko jJAta nahIM hai, AtmA ko avidyA yA upAdhi se AvRta mAnate haiM / isa avidyA se, jo anirvacanIya kAraNoM se jIva ke sAtha saMpRkta ho gayI hai, mukti pAnA hI donoM kI dRSTi meM parama puruSArtha hai| zuddhanaya ke anusAra AtmA sakala bandhanoM se hIna, kArmika aura akAmika dravyoM se kamalapatravat aspRSTa aura isa prakAra janma-mRtyu se rahita tathA vibhinna gatiyoM aura sthitiyoM meM bhramaNa karatA huA bhI 'svabhAvamAtra' rahatA hai, jaise-suvarNa yA mRttikA kaTaka-kuNDala yA ghaTapaTAdi AkAra grahaNa karate hue bhI suvarNa aura mRttikA hI rahate haiN| vividha taraMgoM se Andolita dikhane para bhI jaise samudra niyata (nizcala) rahatA hai, aise hI AtmA bhI niyata arthAt aparivartita aura akSubdha rahatA hai| jJAna, darzana Adi mAnasika bauddhika vizeSatAeM usameM vaiziSTya utpanna nahIM krtiiN| vaha avizeSaka hai-ghtt-bddh'-rhit| vaha icchA, dveSa, rAga, virAga Adi pravRttiyoM se sarvathA mukta-asaMyukta hai / kundakunda kA kathana hai ki isa rUpa meM AtmA ko pahacAnanA hI zuddhanaya hai jo passadi appANaM abaddhapuDheM aNaNNayaM NiyadaM / avisesamajuttaM taM sudhaNayaM viyANIhi // 14 // gItA ne ise hI ApUryamANamacalapratiSTham kahA hai / jisa prakAra kisI vyakti kA jJAna, darzana aura cAritra usa vyakti se pRthak apanA astitva nahIM rakhatA, aise hI ye tInoM jIva se pRthak apanA astitva nahIM rkhte| ve jIva-rUpa hI haiN| nizcaya naya meM isa ratnatrayI kA jIva se tAdAtmya pratipAdita kiyA jAtA hai, jabaki vyavahAra naya meM ye sAdhya rUpa rahate haiM / kundakunda kA kathana hai ki jaise rAjAnugraha cAhane vAlA vyakti pahale chatra, camara tathA paricaroM ko dekhakara rAjA kI pahacAna karatA hai aura phira unakI dayA buddhi para vizvAsa aura aasthaa| pazcAt vaha pUre manoyoga se usakI suzrUSA karatA hai, vaise hI mokSa kI kAmanA karane vAle ko jIva-rAjA kI ThIka jAnakArI prApta karanI cAhie (NAdavvo), phira usa para zraddhA karanI cAhie (saddahedavvo) aura taba usakI paricaryA karanI cAhie (aNucaridabvo)- (gAthA 17-18) / yaha kathana upaniSad ke isa vAkya kA smaraNa dilAtA hai-AtmA vA are draSTavyaH zrotavyo mantavyo nididhyaasitvyH|| paramparA ke anusAra kundakunda ne bhI jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, bandha aura mokSa--ina nau dravyoM kA vivecana kiyA hai (gA013) aura inake ThIka-ThIka jJAna ko samyaktva kahA hai| inameM jIva aura ajIva hI pramukha haiM tathA zeSa sAta inhIM ke paraspara saMsarga kA pariNAma / kundakunda deha aura jIva ke pArthakya ke avagama para bAra-bAra jora dete haiN| vaha kahate haiM ki vyavahAranaya meM jIva aura deha ko eka mAna liyA jAtA hai kintu vastuta: ve donoM kadApi eka nahIM ho sakate / muni loga bhI jIva se sarvathA bhinna pudgalamaya deha kI stuti kara AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ aisA mAna lete haiM ki hamane bhagavAn kevalI kA stavana bandana kara liyaa| kintu jisa prakAra nagara kA varNana kara dene se rAjA kA varNana nahIM ho jAtA, vaise hI deha ke guNoM kI stuti kara dene se kevalI ke guNoM kI stuti nahIM ho jAtI iNamaNNaM jIvAdI deha pola nitu muNI madi do baMdiyo mae kevalI bhavaM // 28 // hu saMyudo rambha vaNija haNa vi raNNo vaNNaNA kadA hodi / deha guNo Na kevali puNA buvA hoti // 20 // jo indriyoM ko jItakara AtmA (svayam ) ko jJAna-svabhAva mAnatA hai, vaha jitendriya kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra kSINamoha, jitamoha vyakti AtmA se bhinna sAre bhAvoM kA pratyAkhyAna karatA calatA hai| jJAnI jana Atma-bhinna sAre bhAvoM kA isI prakAra parityAga kara detA hai jaise koI puruSa paradravya kA parityAga karatA hai| taba usakI yaha bhAvanA dRr3ha ho jAtI hai ki maiM eka, zuddha, darzana aura jJAna svarUpa aura sadA arUpI huuN| apane atirikta paramANumAtra bhI anya kucha merA nahIM hai mahamevako do iMsagaNANa maio sadAvI / fa asthi majjha kiMcivi aNNaM paramANumittaM vi // 38 // 1 kucha loga rAga, dveSa Adi (avasAnaM) kucha icchAdi ke tIvra, manda Adi anubhAga ko kucha nokarma (akAmika pugala) ko kucha jIva aura karma donoM ke yugma ko jIva batalAte haiN| vastutaH ye saba aura anya aSTavidha karma pudgalamaya haiM jo pacyamAna hokara duHkha ke janaka hote haiN| jaise senA ke prayANa karane para loga bolate haiM--dekho ! rAjA jA rahA hai| jabaki sArI senA rAjA nahIM hotI, rAjA kevala eka hotA hai aise hI adhyavasAnAdi anya bhAvoM ( rAga, dveSa, icchA, prayatna Adi) ko dekhakara loga unheM hI jIva mAna baiThate haiN| vyAvahArika suvidhA kI dRSTi se aise prayoga ThIka ho sakate haiM kintu ve paramArtha- satya nahIM hote / vastutaH jIva kA na koI varNa hai, na gandha, na rasa, na sparza aura na rAga, dveSa, moha, karma, pratyaya, varga, vargaNA yA spardhaka (aNu, aNukriyA aura aNusaMghAta ) hI / yoga, bandha, udaya, mArgaNA, sthiti, saMkleza, vizuddhi, saMyama, labdhi, jaivika sthAnoM evaM guNa sthAnoM se pRthak jIva arasa, arUpa, agandha, avyakta, azabda, anumAnAgamya, anirdiSTa saMsthAna ( kisI vizeSa zarIrAkAra se mukta) aura kevala cetanAguNamaya hai arasamarUvamagaMdhaM avyattaM cedaNA guNamasaddhaM / jANa atigamyahaNaM jIvamaNihi saMThANaM // uparyukta nakArAtmaka vizeSaNoM se kundakunda ne apane samaya meM pracalita vibhinna dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA bhI nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| vaha rAgadveSAdi pravRttiyoM ke sAtha jIva kA sambandha kSIrodakavat mAnate haiM / kSIra meM mile jala ko bhI loga bhramavaza kSIra samajha lete haiM, kyoMki vaha kSIra hI dikhatA hai| kisI ghara meM DAkA par3A sunakara loga kaha uThate haiM ki amuka ghara luTa gayA; jabaki paramArthataH ghara nahIM, usakA mAlika lUTA gayA hotA hai| vyavahAra meM aise prayoga upacAra ( lakSaNA) janya hote haiN| jIva ke viSaya meM bhI aisA hI hotA hai yadyapi jIva ina sabase alaga upayogaguNAdhikyavAn (darzana-jAna vAriyama) - edehiya sambandho jaheba borogyaM mudsyo| Naya huMti tassa tANi du uvaoga guNAdhiyo jamhA // 57 va 58 // 1 yahAM taka kundakunda aura zaMkara ke mArga meM antara nahIM hai / prANI (jIva ) eka, do, tIna, cAra aura pAMca indriyoM vAle hote haiN| inameM kucha sUkSma, kucha bera ke AkAra ke kucha kama vikasita aura kucha pUrNa vikasita (aparyApta hote haiM inake deha ko, jo karma kA pariNAma hotA hai. vyavahAra meM jIva kaha diyA jAtA hai| jIva inase bhinna hai| upayoga yA zuddha cetana jIva anAdikAla se moha (aviyA) meM par3A huA tIna pariNAmoM (vikAroM) ko bhoga rahA hai| ye haiM mithyAtva, ajJAna aura aviratibhAva (89) / AtmA jisa-jisa bhAva yA pariNAma ko utpanna karatA hai, usakA vaha karttA hotA hai| usake kAraNa pudgala dravya svayaM hI usameM karma kI utpatti karatA hai jisase jIva karma se saMpRkta banatA hai jaM kuNadi bhAvAmAdA kattA so hodi tassa bhAvassa / kammata pariNamade tahi sarva poggalaM dadhvaM // 69 / / vastutaH vaha jJAnamaya jIva karmoM kA karane vAlA nahIM hotA so gANamao jIvo kammANamakArago hodi // 63 // vaha ghaTa, paTa Adi samasta dravyoM kA utpAdaka hai hI nhiiN| ye sAre dravya yoga aura upayoga ( jIva se sambaddha zArIrika hAtha-pAMva Adi aura bauddhika kriyAoM) ke saMyoga se utpanna hote haiN| ataH yoga aura upayoga ina sabake nimitta kartA hai| jIva to nimitta karttA bhI nahIM hai / vyavahAra meM jIva aura usase saMbaddha zarIrAdi meM bheda na karake loga jIva ko nimitta kartA kaha dete haiM jaina darzana mImAMsA 147
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________________ jIvoNa karedi ghaDaM va paDaNeva se sage dabve / joguNa ogA uppAdagA ya so tesi havadi kattA // 10 // jaise senAoM ke lar3ane para kaha diyA jAtA hai ki rAjA lar3a rahA hai, vaise hI jIva ke pRSThabhUmi meM rahane para use hetubhUta samajhakara jJAnAvaraNIya Adi sAre kArmika-dravya upacAra (lakSaNA) vazAt jIvakRta kaha diye jAte haiM (105-106) / vastuta: guNasaMjJaka pratyaya ina sAre karmoM kI sRSTi karate haiM / isaliye jIva akartA aura guNa kartA hI hai| dekhiye-- prakRteH kriyamANAni guNaH karmANi sarvazaH / ahaMkAravimUDhAtmA kartAhamiti manyate // gItA tathA triguNamaviveki viSaya: sAmAnyamacetanaM prasavami / vyaktaM tathA pradhAnaM tadviparItastathA ca pumAn // sAMkhyakArikA, 11 sAMkhya bhI triguNa ko AtmA kA dharma svIkAra nahIM karatA, yadyapi naiyAyika aisA mAnate haiM / vaha guNoM ko sRSTi kA kAraNa mAnatA hai, jIva yA 'puruSa ko nhiiN| kundakunda ke anusAra pudgala-dravya svayaM hI karmabhAva meM pariNata hotA hai| taba prazna uThatA hai ki yadi jIva svayaM kArmika bandha meM par3ane yA rAgecchAdi se saMpRkta hone meM akSama ho to usakI sthiti sAMkhya ke puruSa ke samAna sAkSImAtra kI raha jAyagI aura saMsAra-pravAha ke lie avakAza hI na rahegA aura yadi dravya meM jIva ko kArmika bandha meM lAne kI kSamatA svIkAra kara lI jAya to prazna uThegA ki acetana dravya apane se bhinnadharmA cetana-jIva meM kisa prakAra vikAra utpanna kara sakatA hai| isaliye kundakunda svIkAra karate haiM ki nimitta rUpa meM kriyAzIla pudgala jIva meM rAgAdi utpanna kara sakatA hai aura jIva meM una vikAroM se prabhAvita hone kI saMbhAvanA rahatI hai| kahA hai kohu vajutto kohamANuvajutto ya mAName vaadaa| mAuvajutto mAyAlohuvajutto havadi loho // 12 // jaM kuNadi bhAvamAdA kattA so hodi tassa bhAvassa // 126 // sAtha hI unhoMne yaha bhI spaSTa kara diyA hai ki-jIve kammaMbaddhaM puDhaMcedi vavahAraNayabhaNidaM / pApa aura puNya kI carcA karate hue vaha kahate haiM ki karma cAhe zubha hoM yA azubha-antata: argalA hI haiM aura argalA cAhe sone kI ho yA lohe kI, bAMdhatI hI hai sovaNiyaMpi giyalaM baMdhadi kAlAyasaM ca jaha purisaM / baMdhadi evaM jIvaM suhamasuha vA kadaM kammaM // 146 // Asakti-yukta karma bandhana meM DAlatA hai aura virAga mukti kI ora le jAtA hai| isalie jina kA upadeza hai ki karma meM anurakta mata bano ratto baMdhadikammaM muMcadi jiivoviraagsNpnnnno| eso jiNovadeso tamhA kammesa mArajjA // 150 // jisa prakAra pakakara gira jAne para phira vRnta usa phala ko nahIM bAMdha sakatA aise hI jIva ke karmabhAva ke paripakva hokara gira jAne para vaha phira jIva ko nahIM bAMdha sakatA (168) / yoM bhI rAgAdi se yukta hI bhAva bandhana kA kAraNa hotA hai| rAgAdi se pravimukta nahIM (167) / ajJAna ke kAraNa rAgAdi bhAva hote haiM jinameM kArmika pravAha calatA hai kintu ajJAna ke haTate hI jIva apane svarUpa ko prApta ho jAtA hai aura taba navIna karmabandha ko avakAza nahIM raha jaataa| prAcIna karma pRthivI ke piNDa ke samAna niSkriya bhAva se karma-zarIra se pratibaddha bane raha jAte haiM (166) / upaniSad ne bhI isIliye kahA hai-tasya tAvadevaciraM yAvannavijAnAti / kundakunda kA bhI kathana hai ki samyagdRSTi vAle jIva ke liye koI karma bandhaka nahIM hotA kyoMki Asrava-bhAva ke na rahane para koI pratyaya bandhanakArI nahIM hotA-- AsavabhAvAbhAveNapaccayA baMdhagAbhaNidA // 176 // jJAna aura darzana AtmA ke nitya guNa haiM aura krodha, rAga Adi kA usase Akasmika sambandha hai / jJAnAdi AtmA meM sthita rahate haiM, ata: AtmA jJAnAdimaya hai| krodhAdi ke Atmadharma na hone se krodha krodha se, rAga rAga se, icchA icchA se lagna hote haiM, upayoga (jJAna, darzana Adi) se nahIM / karma aura nokarma bhI jJAnamaya AtmA se saMbaddha nahIM haiM (181-2) / jaise suvarNa bahuta adhika tapAye jAne para bhI suvarNa-bhAva ko nahIM chor3atA aise hI jJAnI karmasaMghAta se tapta hokara bhI jJAnitva ko nahIM chodd'taa| kevala ajJAnI hI apane svabhAva ko na jAnane ke kAraNa svayaM ko ajJAnAndhakAra se AcchAdita mAnatA hai (184-5) / jo darzana-jJAnamaya jIva anyatra Asakta na hokara apanA hI dhyAna karatA hai vaha svayaM ko avilamba karma se nirmukta pAtA hai (186) / jaise viSa-vidyA kI jAnakArI rakhane vAlA bhiSak viSa khA lene para bhI nahIM maratA, aise hI karmaphalodaya hone para bhI jJAnI unakA upabhoga to karatA hai, kintu unase baddha nahIM hotaa| usake lie karmavipAka kA daMza nirvIrya sarpa ke daMza ke samAna hotA hai (165) / isalie apane hI zuddha jJAnamaya rUpa meM rata rho| isI meM santoSa-lAbha karo / viSayoM meM anAsakta 148 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
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________________ rahakara isI se tRpti pAo / sarvottama sukha kA prakAra yahI hai: edamhi radoNiccaM saMtuTTho hohi Niccabhedamhi / edeNa hohi titto to hohadi tuha uttama sokkhaM // aisA jJAnavAn jIva sAre dravyoM aura karmoM ke madhya rahatA huA bhI anAsakta bhAva ke kAraNa karma meM lipta nahIM hotA, jaise kIcar3a meM par3akara bhI suvarNa usameM nahIM sanatA jabaki lohe ke samAna ajJAnI usameM phaMsakara jaMga khA jAtA hai| jaise-jIvita, ajIvita aura vividha prakAra kI mizra vastuoM ko khAkara aura pacAkara bhI zaMkha-kITa kA raMga sapheda hI rahatA hai, kAlA nahIM par3atA, aise hI jJAnI sacitta (jIvita),acitta aura mizra dravyoM kA upabhoga karake bhI apanA-jJAnasvarUpa nahIM chor3atA (220-21) / samyagdRSTi jIva vividha vicAroM, vANI aura karmoM meM pravRtta hokara bhI karmabandha meM nahIM par3atA kyoMki vaha ina sabako anAsakta bhAva se karatA hai, jaise-----koI puruSa zarIra meM tela kA abhyaMjana karake yadi dhUla-bhare sthAna meM bhI vyAyAma kare to usa para dhUla nahIM car3hatI (242-46) / jo yaha samajhatA hai ki maiM mAratA hUM yA kisI ke dvArA mArA jAUMgA, vaha mUr3ha hai, ajJAnI hai jo maNNadi hiMsAmi ya hisijjAmi va parehi shi| so mUDho aNNANI gANI etto du vivarIdo // 247 // dekhiye gItA-- ya enaM vetti hantAraM yazcainaM manyate hatam / ubhau tau na vijAnIto nAyaM hanti na hanyate // AcArya kundakunda ne uparyukta satya ko vividha sarala vyAvahArika udAharaNoM ke dvArA samajhAyA hai aura vaha bhI bahuta vistAra ke sAtha / unhoMne una sAre khataroM aura jokhimoM ke prati sAdhaka ko sAvadhAna bhI kiyA hai jinameM sAmAnyata: jIva par3a jAtA hai| vaha kahate haiM satyaM NANaM Na havai jamhA satthaM NayANae kici / tamhA aNNaM NANaM aNNaM satthaM jiNA viti // 360 // zAstra jJAna kA paryAya nahIM hai kyoMki zAstra svayaM kucha nahIM jaantaa| isIlie jina batalAte haiM ki zAstra bhinna hai aura jJAna bhinna, kintu jJAna aura jJAtA donoM paraspara abhinna haiM-NANaM ca jAyaNAdo avvadirittaMmuNeyavaM // 403 / unhoMne bAharI dikhAvoM aura cihnoM meM na phaMsane kA parAmarza diyA hai / saMbhavataH unake samaya meM bhI Aja ke samAna kucha dharmadhvajI loga veSa aura liMgoM ke AdhAra para logoM ko baragalAte rahe hoNge| ve kahate haiM pAsaMDiyaligANiva giha ligAni va bahuppayArANi / jiMtuM vadanti mUDhAligamiNaM bhokkha maggotti // 408 // Naviesa mokkhamaggo pAsaMDI gihamayANi liMgANi / dasaNa-NANa-carittANi mokkhamaggaM jiNA viti // 410 // ye bAharI cihna (tilaka, chApa, mAlA, kASAyavastra, zvetavastra yA digambaratva) mokSa kA mArga nahIM hai| mokSa kA sAdhana hai-samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak AcaraNa aura anta meM vaha yaha kahakara grantha kI samApti karate haiM mIkkhapahe appANaM Thavehi taM caiva jhAhi taM ceva / tattheva vihara NiccaM mA viharasu aNNadabvesu // 412 // svayaM ko mokSa-mArga meM pratiSThita karo, usI kA, kevala usI kA dhyAna kro| mokSamArga meM hI viharaNa karo, anya dravyoM meM vihAra mata kro| isa prakAra samayasAra meM kundakunda kA pramukha pratipAdya hai AtmA aura usakA jJAna arthAt mokSa / umAsvAti ke tatvArthasUtra kA pahalA sUtra bhI yahI hai-samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaargH| inhIM tIna kA nAma ratnatraya hai jo bauddhoM ke ratnatraya (buddha, dhamma aura saMgha) se sarvathA bhinna hai| umAsvAti ne tattvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanam arthAt tattvArtha para AsthA ko samyagdarzana kahA hai / tattvArtha yA vastusatya sAta haiM--jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa / jIva cetana aura ajIva jar3a padArtha hai| jIva meM karma-prasRti kA saMmizraNa Asrava hai / bandha kAmika dravya ke saMparka ke kAraNa utpanna ajJAna, saMvara karma pravAha kI nirodhaka kriyA, nirjarA karmapravAha aura pariNAmoM kI nAzaka aura mokSa kArmika upAdhiyoM se sarvathA mukti kA nAma hai| tattva yA sat padArtha kI paribhASA jaina darzana meM anya darzanoM se kucha bhinna hai| jaina vicAraka sthAyI, anazvara yA dhruva padArtha ko nahIM, utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyayuktaM sat yaha sat kI paribhASA mAnate haiN| rUpAkAra-parivartana-saha hokara bhI jo dhruva ho, vaha sat hai| yaha vedAntiyoM ke aparivattitvavat sat aura bauddhoM ke kSaNikatva sat se adhika vaijJAnika hai| parivartanazIlatA ke rahate hue bhI dhrauvya kI satsambandhI kalpanA ne dravya ke prati bhI nayI dRSTi dI hai| jainoM ke anusAra jaina darzana mImAMsA 146 www.jaikelibrary.org
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________________ guNaparyayavat dravyam yaha dravya kI paribhASA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra guNa dravya se aura dravya guNa se pRthak nahIM rhtaa| suvarNa kA pIta varNa, usakI tejasvitA tathA bhUSaNAdi ke rUpa meM usake vividha AkAra, AkAroM meM parivartana ye saba eka dravya ke hI rUpa haiM / isalie sat jagat meM dravya aura guNa paryAyoM kI pRthak sattA saMbhava nahIM hai| isalie jainadarzana nirguNa dravya kA astitva svIkAra nahIM karatA aura na dravya evaM guNa ko saMyukta karane vAle kisI tIsare--padArtha samavAya ko hI mAnatA hai| yahAM taka ki vaha anya darzanoM ke samAna yaha bhI nahIM mAnatA ki cetanA aura Atmadravya do pRthak tattva hai jo kisI bAhyaparisthitijanya prabhAva se saMyukta ho jAte haiN| jaina cintana meM AtmA taka apane cetana tattva ko svayaM se pRthak nahIM kara sktaa| sat aura dravya sambandhI mAnyatA ko samajha lene ke bAda jaina darzana ke asti-nAsti-vAda ko bhI saralatA se samajhA jA sakatA hai / yadyapi yaha bAta dekhane meM paraspara-virodhI pratIta hotI hai to bhI utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya ke siddhAnta ke sarvathA anukUla hai| mUlatattva sthira rahatA hai kintu usake rUpAkAra badalate rahate haiM / dRSTi kA yaha antara 'naya' ke dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai / kundakunda ne isI ke (vyavahAra aura nizcaya naya ) AdhAra para Atmatattva kI vyAkhyA kI hai / dravyArthika aura pAramArthika naya ke binA vastu kA svarUpa pUrI taraha nahIM samajhA jA sktaa| jaina darzana pratyeka sat padArtha kI vyAkhyA dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ina dazAoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara karatA hai| zaMkara ne isa bAta kI sUkSmatA kI ora dhyAna na dekara ise vikSipta-pralApa mAtra kahakara upekSita kara diyA hai| kundakunda kA jIva yA AtmA sAMkhya ke puruSa se yadyapi ekAkAra lagatA hai to bhI donoM meM antara hai| sAMkhya ke anusAra jIvana kartA hai, na bhoktA / vaha na baddha hotA hai, na mukta, baddha aura mukta to prakRti hotI hai / sAMkhyakArikA kahatI hai tasmAnna badhyate'ddhA na mucyate nApi saMsarati kiMcit / saMsarati badhyate mucyate ca nAnAzrayA prkRtiH||62|| taba jo sAMkhya kahatA hai ki tatra jarAmaraNakRtaM duHkhaM prApnoti cetanaH puruSaH / liGgasyAvinivRtta stasmAd duHkhaM svabhAvena // 55 // jaba taka liMga (prakRti) kI vinivRtti nahIM hotI taba taka cetana puruSa jarA-maraNa ke duHkha ko prApta hotA rahatA hai| yaha duHkha svAbhAvika hai| taba prazna uThatA hai ki prakRti ke kArya kA pariNAma puruSa ko kyoM bhoganA par3atA hai ? bhoktA use honA cAhie jo kartA ho| isI prakAra kundakunda mImAMsakoM aura vaizeSikoM ke isa mata se bhI sahamata nahIM haiM ki jJAna AtmA kA guNa hai aura vaha usase pRthak hai tathA donoM kA saMyoga bAhya paristhitiyoM ke dvArA hotA hai / kundakunda ke anusAra guNa aura dravya kI pRthak sattA saMbhava nahIM / jJAna ke viSaya meM bhI jaina darzana anyoM se thor3A bhinna hai| vaha indriyoM dvArA gRhIta jJAna ko, jise anya darzana pratyakSa kahate haiM, parokSa kI saMjJA detA hai kyoMki vaha use sIdhe nahIM, apitu pudgalarUpa indriyoM aura pariveza se prApta hotA hai| binA indriyoM ke mAdhyama se AtmA ko sIdhA prApta hone vAlA jJAna hI pratyakSa hai| phira bhI jaina darzana avadhi-jJAna aura mana:paryaya jJAna, ina do prakAra ke atIndriya pratyakSoM ko mAnyatA detA hai| ataH jaina mata meM AtmajJAna, karmabandha-mukti hI pratyakSa (lokottara) jJAna hai| isI prakAra jaina IzvarIya sRSTi meM vizvAsa nahIM karate / vastutaH mImAMsA ko chor3akara anya kisI prAcIna darzana ne sRSTi-racanA ke siddhAnta ko mAnyatA dI bhI nahIM thii| isa bAta meM jaina tathA anya prAcIna dArzanika ekamata pratIta hote haiM ki jIva aura ajIva ye do asRSTa, nitya aura avinAzI haiN| kundakunda bAra-bAra isakA samarthana karate haiN| kundakunda aura zaMkara isa bAta meM paraspara sahamata haiM ki Atmatattva aura anAtmatattva donoM sarvathA pRthak haiN| ina donoM kA pRthaka astitva hai| isameM kahIM koI sAmya nahIM, kyoMki inameM eka cetana hai aura dUsarA acetana / Atma-jijJAsA ke prasaMga meM donoM nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya (pAramArthika aura vyAvahArika pakSa) ko svIkAra karate haiN| donoM hI saMsAra-pravAha kA kAraNa avidyA ko mAnate haiM jo anAdi hai / isI ke kAraNa AtmA svayaM ko bhUlakara nazvara jagat ke sAtha saMbaddha mAna letA hai| svarUpa kA jJAna hone para jIva svayaM ko sAre bhedabhAvoM se mukta zuddha jJAnasvarUpa ke rUpa meM pahacAna letA hai aura karmabandha se mukta ho jAtA hai / zaMkara aura kundakunda donoM upAdhi virahita AtmA ko paramAtmA kahate haiN| kundakunda anya bhAratIya dharmoM ke samAna AtmA se pRthak paramAtmA kI sattA nahIM maante| unake anusAra mukta AtmA hI 'paramAtmA' hai| zaMkara ke mata meM bhI, AtmA aura paramAtmA (brahma) ke ekatva kA nAma hI advaitAvasthA hai| donoM ke mata meM adhyAsa yA mithyArUpa mUlabhrAnti hI saMsAra kA kAraNa hai / donoM ke anusAra AtmA kI vibhinna sthitiyoM (duHkha-sukha , jarA-maraNa evaM punarbhava) ke lie usake karma hI uttaradAyI haiM / zaMkara aura kundakunda meM antara itanA hai ki zaMkara zarIra (AtmA se bhinna samagra vizva) ko mithyA mAnate haiM, kintu kundakunda nhiiN| kundakunda anAtma ke prati AtmadRSTi ko hI mithyA kahate haiN| AcArya kundakunda bhArata ke mUrdhanya dArzanika cintakoM meM haiN| unakA avadAna guNavattA aura parimANa donoM kI dRSTi se hI vipula hai| AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha