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________________ AcArAMgasUtra : eka vizleSaNa AcArAMgasUtra jaina-Agama sAhitya kA eka prAcInatama grantha hai, paricaya mila jAtA hai| sUtra kA prArambha hI astitva sambandhI mAnavIya yaha ardhamAgadhI meM likhA gayA hai, kintu isake prathama aura dvitIya jijJAsA se hotA hai| pahalA hI prazna haizrutaskandha kI bhASA eka dUsare se pUrNatayA bhinna hai| jahA~ prathama zrutaskandha asthi me AyA uvavAie, naritha me AyA uvvaaie| meM ardhamAgadhI kA prAcInatama rUpa parilakSita hotA hai vahA~ dvitIya ke a AsI ke vAio cuoipeccA bhvissaami|| zrutaskandha prathama zrutaskandha kI apekSA bhASA kI dRSTi se paravartI aura 1 / 1 / 1 / 3 vikasita lagatA hai| yadyapi AcArAMga mUlata: ardhamAgadhI prAkRta kA isa jIvana ke pUrva merA astitva thA yA nahIM athavA isa jIvana grantha hai kintu usa para mahArASTrI prAkRta kA prabhAva A gayA hai phira ke pazcAt merI sattA banI rahegI yA nahIM? maiM kyA thA aura mRtyu ke bhI prathama zrutaskandha meM yaha prabhAva nagaNya hI hai| merI dRSTi meM isa uparAnta kisa rUpa meM hoU~gA? yahI apane astitva kA prazna mAnavIya prabhAva kA kAraNa mUlata: eka lambI avadhi taka isakA maukhika banA jijJAsA aura mAnavIya buddhi kA prathama prazna hai, jise sUtrakAra ne sarva rahanA hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki jo aMza spaSTa rUpa se aura sampUrNa prathama uThAyA hai| manuSya ke liye mUlabhUta prazna apane astitva yA sattA rUpa se mahArASTrI ke haiM ve bAda meM jor3e gaye hoN| yadyapi isa sambandha kA hI hai| dhArmika evaM naitika cetanA kA vikAsa bhI isI astitvameM nizcayAtmaka rUpa se kucha bhI kaha pAnA kaThina hai| phira bhI bhASA bodha yA svarUpa-bodha para AdhArita hai| manuSya kI jIvana-dRSTi kyA sambandhI isa prabhAva kA kAraNa uparyukta donoM vikalpoM meM se hI hai| aura kaisI hogI, yaha bahuta kucha isa bAta para nirbhara karatA hai ki prathama zrutaskandha mUlata: aupaniSadika sUtrAtmaka zailI meM likhA gayA apane astitva, apanI sattA aura svarUpa ke prati usakA dRSTikoNa hai jabaki dUsarA mukhya rUpa se vivaraNAtmaka aura padyarUpa meM hai| prathama kyA hai? pApa aura puNya athavA dharma aura adharma kI sArI mAnyatAe~ zrutaskandha kI jo bhASA hai vaha gadya aura padya donoM se bhinna hai| yadyapi astitva kI dhAraNA para hI khar3I huI haiN| isIliye sUtrakAra ne kahA prathama zrutaskandha meM bhI padya kucha A gaye haiM phira bhI usakI sUtrAtmaka hai ki jo isa "astitva' yA sva-sattA ko jAna letA hai vahI zailI dUsare zrutaskandha kI zailI se bhinna hai| hameM to aisA lagatA hai AtmavAdI hai, lokavAdI hai, vArmavAdI hai aura kriyAvAdI hai| (sohaM ki prAkRta granthoM kI racanA meM sarvaprathama AcArAMga kI prathama zrutaskandha se AyAvAI logAvAI kammavAI kiriyaavaaii-1|114-5) vyakti kI sUtrAtmaka zailI kA vikAsa huA, phira sahaja padya likhe jAne lage, ke liye mUlabhUta aura sArabhUta tattva usakA apanA astitva hI hai, phira usake bAda vikasita stara ke gadya likhe gye| bhASA aura zailI aura sattA yA astitva ke isa mUlabhUta prazna ko uThAkara granthakAra ne ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se AcArAMga ke donoM zrutaskandhoM meM lagabhaga tIna apanI manovaijJAnika dRSTi kA paricaya diyA hai| Adhunika manovijJAna zatAbdiyoM kA antara to avazya rahA hogaa| AcArAMga meM AcAra ke meM bhI jijIviSA aura jijJAsA mAnava kI mUla pravRttiyA~ mAnI siddhAntoM aura niyamoM ke liye jisa manovaijJAnika AdhArabhUmi aura gayI haiN| manovaijJAnika dRSTi ko apanAyA gayA hai, vaha tulanAtmaka adhyayana ke liye adbhuta AkarSaNa kA viSaya hai| satya kI khoja meM sandeha (dArzanika jijJAsA) kA sthAna AcArAMgasUtra kA pratipAdya viSaya zramaNa-AcAra kA saiddhAntika yaha kitanA Azcaryajanaka hai ki AcArAMga zraddhA ke sthAna para evaM vyAvahArika pakSa hai|cuuNki mAnavIya AcAra mana aura buddhi se nikaTa saMzaya ko satya kI khoja kA eka Avazyaka caraNa mAnatA hai| sambhavatayA rUpa se jar3A haA hai, ata: yaha svAbhAvika hai ki AcAra ke sambandha aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jainadharma ke Arambhika kAla meM zraddhA kA tattva meM koI bhI prAmANika cintana manovaijJAnika satyoM ko nakAra kara Age itanA pramakha nahIM thaa| AcArAMga meM "NikkhittadaMDANaM samAhiyANaM nahIM bar3ha sakatA hai| hameM kyA honA cAhiye-yaha bahuta kucha isa bAta pannANamaMtANaM iha mattimaggaM' (1 / 6 / 1) kahakara samAdhi evaM prajJA ke para nirbhara karatA hai ki hama kyA haiM aura kyA ho sakate haiM? hamArI rUpa meM jisa mukti mArga kA vidhAna huA hai, vaha svayaM isa bAta kA kSamatAeM evaM sambhAvanAeM kyA haiM? AcaraNa ke kisI sAdhya aura siddhAnta saMketa karatA hai ki usa samaya taka darzana yA samyagdarzana zabda zraddhA kA nirdhAraNa sAdhaka kI manovaijJAnika prakRti ko samajhe binA sambhava kA sUcaka nahIM thaa| yadyapi AcArAMga meM daMsaNa aura sammattadaMsI zabdoM nahIM hai| hameM yaha dekhanA hai ki AcArAMga meM AcAra ke siddhAntoM evaM kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai, kintu merI dRSTi meM kahIM bhI isakA prayoga niyamoM ke pratipAdana meM kisa sImA taka isa dArzanika, manovaijJAnika zraddhA ke artha meM nahIM haA hai| adhika se adhika ye zabda "dRSTikoNa" evaM samAjazAstrIya dRSTi kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| yA "siddhAnta" ke artha meM prayukta huye haiM, jaise-eyaM pAsagassa daMsaNaM (1 / 3 / 4) / vastuta: manovaijJAnika dRSTi se kisI bhI dhArmika Andolana astitva sambandhI jijJAsA : mAnavIya bundi kA prathama prazna meM zraddhA kA tattva usake paravartI yuga meM jabaki vaha kucha vicAroM evaM AcArAMgasUtra ke utthAna meM hI hameM usakI dArzanika dRSTi kA mAnyatAoM se Abaddha ho jAtA hai, adhika mahattvapUrNa bana jAtA hai|
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________________ 62 AcArAMga meM saMzaya kA jo sthAna svIkAra kiyA gayA hai vaha dArzanika dRSTi se kAphI upayogI hai| mAnavIya jijJAsAvRtti ko mahattva dete hue to yahA~ taka kahA gayA hai ki "saMsaya pariAgao saMsAre parinaye (1 / 5 / 1) " arthAt saMzaya ke jJAna se hI saMsAra kA jJAna hotA hai| Aja samasta vaijJAnika jJAna ke vikAsa meM saMzaya (jijJAsA) kI paddhati ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| saMzaya kI paddhati ko Aja eka vaijJAnika paddhati ke rUpa meM mAnyatA prApta hai| jJAna ke kSetra meM pragati kA yahI ekamAtra mArga hai, jise sUtrakAra ne pUrI taraha samajhA hai| jJAna ke vikAsa kI yAtrA sandeha ( jijJAsA) se hI prArambha hotI hai, kyoMki saMzaya ke sthAna para zraddhA A gayI to vicAra kA dvAra hI banda ho jAegA, vahA~ jJAna kI pragati kaise hogI? saMzaya vicAra ke dvAra ko udghATita karatA hai / vicAra yA cintana se viveka jAgRta hotA hai, jJAna ke naye AyAma prakaTa hone lagate haiN| AcArAMga jJAna kI vikAsa yAtrA ke mUla meM sandeha ko svIkAra karake calatA hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se jo yAtrA sandeha se prArambha hotI hai, anta meM zraddhA taka pahu~ca jAtI hai| apanA samAdhAna pAne para sandeha kI pariNati zraddhA meM ho sakatI hai| isase ThIka viparIta samAdhAna-rahita andhazraddhA kI pariNati sandeha meM hogii| jo sandeha se calegA anta meM satya ko pAkara zraddhA taka pahu~ca jAegA, jabaki jo zraddhA se prArambha karegA vaha yA to Age koI pragati hI nahIM karegA yA phira usakI zraddhA khaNDita hokara sandeha meM pariNata ho jAyagI / yaha hai AcArAMga kI dArzanika dRSTi kA paricaya | jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa - 6 AtmA ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa AtmA ke svarUpa yA svabhAva kA vivecana karate hue sUtrakAra ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai- je AyA se vinnAyA, je vinnAyA se aayaa| jeNa viyANa se aayaa| taM paDucca paDisaMkhAye - 115151 isa prakAra vaha jJAna ko Atma-svabhAva yA Atma-svarUpa batAtA hai| jahA~ Adhunika manovijJAna cetanA ke jJAna, anubhUti aura saMkalpa aise tIna lakSaNa batAtA hai, vahA~ AcArAMga kevala AtmA ke jJAna lakSaNa para bala detA hai| sthUla dRSTi se dekhane para yahI donoM meM antara pratIta hotA hai, kintu anubhUti (vedanA) aura saMkalpa yaha donoM lakSaNa zarIrAzritaddhAmA ke haiM, ataH jJAna hI prathama lakSaNa siddha hotA hai| vaise AcArAMgasUtra meM tathA paravartI jaina granthoM meM bhI manovijJAna sammata ina tInoM lakSaNoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI AcArAMgasUtra kA AtmA ke vijJAtA svarUpa para bala dene kA eka viziSTa manovaijJAnika kAraNa hai, kyoMki AtmA kI anubhUtyAtmaka evaM saMkalpAtmaka avasthA meM pUrNataH samabhAva yA samAdhi kI upalabdhi sambhava nahIM hai, jaba taka sukha-duHkhAtmaka vedanA kI anubhUti hai yA saMkalpa-vikalpa kA cakra cala rahA hai, AtmA para bhAva meM sthita hotA hai, vitta samAdhi nahIM rahatI hai| AtmA kA svarUpa yA svabhAva dharma to samatA hai, jo kevala usake jJAtA-draSTA rUpa meM svarUpataH upalabdha hotA hai vedaka aura kartA rUpa meM vaha svarUpataH upalabdha nahIM hai| mana kA jJAna sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa nirgrantha sAdhaka ke lakSaNoM kA vivecana karate hue sUtrakAra kahatA hai jo maNaM parijANaI se niggaMdhe je maNe apAvae - 2 / 15 / 45 // jo mana ko jAnatA hai aura use apavitra nahIM hone detA hai, vahI nirgrantha hai, isa prakAra nirgrantha zramaNa kI sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa hai mana ko jAnanA aura dUsarA caraNa hai mana ko apavitra nahIM hona denaa| mana kI zuddhi bhI svayaM manovRttiyoM ke jJAna para nirbhara hai| mana ko jAnane kA matalaba hai andara jhAMkakara apanI manovRttiyoM ko pahacAnanA, mana kI pranthiyoM ko khojanA, yahI sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa hai| roga kA jJAna aura usakA nidAna usase chuTakArA pAne ke liye Avazyaka hai| Adhunika manovijJAna kI manovizleSaNa vidhi meM bhI manogranthiyoM se mukta hone ke liye unako jAnanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| antardarzana aura manovizleSaNa Adhunika manovijJAna kI mahattvapUrNa vidhiyA~ haiM, AcArAMga meM unheM nirmantha sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa batAyA gayA hai| vastutaH AcArAMga kI sAdhanA apramattatA kI sAdhanA hai aura yaha apramattatA apanI cittavRttiyoM ke prati satat jAgarUkatA hai / cittavRttiyoM kA darzana samyagdarzana hai, svasvabhAva meM ramanA hai Adhunika manovijJAna jisa prakAra mAnasika svAsthya ke liye manogranthiyoM ko tor3ane kI bAta kahatA hai usI prakAra jaina darzana bhI Atmazuddhi ke lie graMthi bheda kI bAta kahatA hai / granthi, granthi-bheda aura nirgrantha zabdoM ke prayoga svayaM AcArAMga kI manovaijJAnika dRSTi ke paricAyaka haiN| vastutaH granthiyoM se mukti hI sAdhanA kA lakSya hai-- gaMthehiM vivattehiM AukAlassa pArae - 118 | 8 | 11 | jo granthiyoM se rahita hai vahI nirmanya hai| nirmantha hone kA artha hai, rAga-dveSa yA Asakti rUpI gA~Tha kA khula jAnA jIvana meM andara aura bAhara se ekarUpa ho jAnA, mukhauToM kI jindagI se dUra ho jAnA, kyoMki pranthi kA nirmANa hotA hai rAgabhAva se Asakti se, mAyAcAra yA mukhauToM kI jindagI se| isa prakAra AcArAMga eka manovaijJAnika satya ko prastuta karatA haiN| AcArAMga ke anusAra bandhana aura mukti ke tatva bAharI nahIM, Antarika haiN| vaha spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki - 'baMdhapyamokkho tujjha ajjhattheva - 125|2| bandhana aura mokSa hamAre adhyavasAyoM kiMvA manovRttiyoM para nirbhara haiN| mAnasika bandhana hI vAstavika bandhana hai ve gA~TheM jinhoMne hameM bA~dha rakhA hai, ve hamAre mana kI hI gAMTheM haiN| vaha spaSTa udghoSaNA karatA hai ki - "kAmesu giddhA nicayaM kareti " 1 / 3 / 2 / kAmabhAgoM ke prati Asakti se hI bandhana kI sRSTi hotI hai| vaha gA~Tha jo hameM bA~dhatI hai, Asakti kI gAMTha hai, mamatva kI gA~Tha hai, ajJAna kI gA~Tha hai| isa Asakti se pratyutpanna hiMsA vyakti kI aura saMsAra kI sArI pIr3AoM kA mUla srota hai| yahI jIvana meM naraka kI sRSTi karatI hai, jIvana ko nArakIya banAtI hai| esa khalu gaMdhe, esa khalu mohe, esa khalu mAre, esa khalu nirae1 / 1 / 2 / AcArAMga ke anusAra viSaya bhoga ke prati jo AturatA hai, vahI samasta pIr3AoM kI jananI hai (AturA paritAveti - 1 / 1 / 2 / ) yahA~ hameM spaSTa rUpa se vizva kI samasta pIr3AoM kA eka manovaijJAnika 33 .
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________________ AcArAMgasUtra : eka vizleSaNa vizleSaNa prApta hotA hai sUtrakAra spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki- "AsaM ca chaMdaM ca vigiMca dhIre tumaMca ceva taM sallamAharu - 112241 he dhIra puruSa ! viSaya bhogoM kI AkAMkSA aura tatsaMbaMdhI saMkalpa-vikalpoM kA parityAga kro| tuma svayaM isa kA~Te ko apane antaHkaraNa meM rakhakara duHkhI ho rahe ho| isa prakAra AcArAMga bandhana, pIr3A yA duHkha ke prati eka AtmaniSTha evaM manovaijJAnika dRSTikoNa prastuta karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai-- je AsavA te parissavA je parissavA, te AsavA (1 / 4 / 2) arthAt bAhara meM jo bandhana ke nimitta haiM ve bhI kabhI mukti ke nimitta bana jAte haiM isakA Azaya yahI hai ki bandhana aura mukti kA sArA khela sAdhaka ke aMtaraMga bhAvoM para AdhArita hai| yadi isI prazna para hama Adhunika manovijJAna kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to yaha pAte haiM ki Adhunika manovikRtiyoM ke kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa karate hue spaSTa rUpa se yaha batAyA gayA hai ki AkAMkSAoM kA uccastara hI mana meM kuNThAoM ko utpanna karatA hai aura una kuNThAoM ke kAraNa manogranthiyoM kI racanA hotI hai, jo antatogatvA vyakti meM manovikRtiyoM ko utpanna karatI hai| manovRttiyoM kI sApekSatA AcArAMgasUtra meM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga (prema), dveSa, moha Adi kI paraspara kI sApekSatA ko sUcita karate hue yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jo inameM se kisI eka ko bhI samyak prakAra jAna letA hai vaha anya sabhI ko jAna letA hai aura jo eka para pUrNa vijaya prApta kara letA hai, vaha anya sabhI para vijaya prApta kara letA hai| (je egaM jANai se savvaM jANar3a, je savvaM jANai se egaM jANai, je egaM nAme se bahuM nAme je bahuM nAme se egaM nAme - 11314) Azcarya yahI hai ki abhI taka ina sUtroM ke tattvamImAMsIya yA jJAnamImAMsIya artha lagAye gaye aura inake manovaijJAnika sandarbha ko ojhala kiyA gayA, jabaki ye sUtra vizuddha rUpa se manovaijJAnika haiM, kyoMki isa uddezaka kA sampUrNa sandarbha kaSAyoM se sambandhita hai, jo manovijJAna kA viSaya hai| ina kaSAyoM ke duzakra se vahI mukta ho sakatA hai, jo apramatta cetA hai, kyoMki jaise hI vyakti inake prati sajaga banatA hai, inake kAraNoM aura pariNAmoM ko dekhane lagatA hai, vaha manovRttiyoM ke pArasparika sambandha spaSTa hote hue pAtA hai jaba vyakti krodha ko dekhatA hai, to krodha ke kAraNabhUta dveSabhAva aura dveSa ke kAraNabhUta rAgabhAva ko bhI dekha letA hai| jaba vaha ahaM yA mAna kA draSTA banatA hai, to ahaM kI tuSTi ke liye mAyAvI mukhauToM kA jIvana bhI usake sAmane spaSTa ho jAtA hai / sUtrakAra ne pUrI spaSTatA ke sAtha isa bAta ko prastuta kiyA ki kisa prakAra kisI eka manovRtti ( kaSAya) kA draSTA dUsarI sabhI sApekSa rUpa meM rahI huI manovRttiyoM kA draSTA bana jAtA hai| vaha kahatA hai-- jo krodha ko dekhatA hai, vaha mAna (aMhakAra) ko dekha letA hai| jo mAna ko dekhatA hai vaha mAyA ( kapaTavRtti) ko dekha letA hai| jo mAyA ko dekhatA hai vaha lobha ko dekha letA hai jo lobha ko dekhatA hai vaha rAga-dveSa ko dekha letA hai| jo rAga-dveSa ko dekhatA hai, 63 vaha moha (avidyA) ko dekha letA hai, aura jo moha ko dekhatA hai| vaha garbha (bhAvI janma) ko dekhatA hai aura jo garbha ko dekhatA hai vaha janma-maraNa kI prakriyA ko dekha letA hai| isa prakAra eka kaSAya kA samyak vizleSaNa usase saMbaMdhita anya kaSAyoM kA tathA unake pariNAmoM aura kAraNoM kA samyak bodha karA detA hai (1 / 3 / 4), kyoMki sabhI manovRttiyA~ paraspara sApekSa hokara rahatI haiN| jahA~ moha hotA hai vahA~ rAga-dveSa hote haiM, vahA~ lobha hotA hI hai| jahA~ lobhavRtti hotI hai vahA~ mAyA yA kapaTAcAra A hI jAtA hai| jahA~ kapaTAcAra hotA hai vahA~ usake pIche mAna yA ahaMkAra kA prazna jur3A rahatA hai aura jahA~ mAna yA ahaMkAra hotA hai usake sAtha krodha jur3A rahatA hai rAga ke binA dveSa kA aura dveSa ke binA rAga kA TikAva nahIM hai| isI prakAra krodha kA TikAva ahaMkAra para aura ahaMkAra kA TikAva mAyAcAra para, mAyAcAra kA TikAva lobha para nirbhara karatA hai| koI bhI kaSAya dUsarI kaSAya se pUrI taraha nirapekSa hokara nahIM raha sakatI hai, ataH kisI eka kaSAya kA samagra bhAva se vijetA sabhI kaSAyoM kA vijetA bana jAtA hai aura eka kA draSTA sabhI kA draSTA bana jAtA hai| kaSAya- vijaya kA upAya draSTA yA sAkSIbhAva AcArAMga meM muni aura amuni kA antara spaSTa karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki jo sotA hai, vaha amuni hai, jo jAgatA hai vaha muni hai| yahA~ jAgane kA tAtparya hai apane prati, apanI manovRttiyoM ke prati sajaga honA yA apramattacetA honA hai| prazna ho sakatA hai ki apramattacetA yA sajaga honA kyoM Avazyaka hai? vastutaH jaba vyakti apane antara meM jhA~kakara apanI vRttiyoM kA draSTA banatA hai to durvicAra aura duSpravRttiyA~ svayaM vilIna hotI jAtI haiM jaba ghara kA mAlika jAgatA hai to cora praveza nahIM karate haiM, usI prakAra jo sAdhaka sajaga hai, apramatta haiM, to unameM kaSAyeM panapa nahIM sakatIM, kyoMki kaSAya svayaM pramAda hai, tathA pramAda aura apramAda eka sAtha nahIM raha sakate haiM ataH apramAda hone para kaSAya panapa nahIM skte| AcArAMgasUtra meM bAra-bAra kahA gayA hai, 'tU dekha' 'tU dekha' (pAsa! paas!)| yahA~ dekhane kA tAtparya hai apane prati yA apanI vRttiyoM ke prati sajaga honA kyoMki jo draSTA hai, vahI nirupAdhika dazA ko prApta ho sakatA hai (kimatthi uvAhI pAsagassa Na vijjai ? natthi 1 / 3 / 4) / vastutaH AtmA jaba apane zuddha jJAtA svarUpa meM avasthita hotI hai, saMsAra ke samasta padArtha hI nahIM varan usakI apanI cittavRttiyA~ aura manobhAva bhI use 'para' (sva se bhinna) pratIta hote haiN| jaba vaha 'para' ko 'para' ke rUpa meM jAna letA hai aura usase apanI pRthakatA kA bodha kara letA hai taba vaha apane zuddha zayaka svarUpa ko jAnakara usameM avasthita ho jAtA hai| yahI yaha avasara hotA hai, jaba mukti kA dvAra udghATita hotA hai, kyoMki jisane 'para' ko 'para' ke rUpa meM jAna liyA hai usake lie mamatva yA rAga ke lie koI sthAna hI
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________________ 64 jaina vidyA ke nahIM rahatA hai| rAga ke gira jAne para vItarAgatA kA prakaTana hotA hai, aura mukti kA dvAra khula jAtA hai| mana ke pavitrIkaraNa kI manovaijJAnika vidhi citta ko apavitra nahIM hone dene ke liye mana kI vRttiyoM ko dekhanA jarUrI hai, kyoMki yaha mana ko duSpravRttiyoM se bacAne kI eka manovaijJAnika paddhati hai Adhunika manovijJAna ke anusAra mana eka hI samaya meM draSTA aura kartA kI do bhUmikAoM kA nirvAha nahIM kara sakatA hai| udAharaNa ke lie vaha apane krodha kA kartA evaM draSTA eka sAtha nahIM ho sktaa| mana jaba kartA se draSTA kI bhUmikA meM AtA hai to manovikAra svayaM vilIna hone lagate haiM mana to svataH hI vAsanA aura vikAra se mukta ho jAtA hai| isaliye kahA gayA hai - appamatto kAmehiM uvarato - 112 / 1 / savvato pamattassa bhayaM-- appamattassa natthi bhayaM - 1 / 3 / 4 / jo apramatta hai vaha kAmanAoM se aura pApa karmoM se uparata hai, pramatta ko hI viSaya vikAra meM pha~sane kA bhaya hai apramata ko nahIM / apramattatA yA samyagdraSTA kI avasthA meM pApa karma asambhava ho jAtA hai, isIliye kahA gayA hai-- sammattadaMsI na karei paavN1|3|2 arthAt samyagdraSTA koI pApa nahIM karatA hai AcArAMga meM mana ko jAnane athavA apramatta cetanA kI jo bAta bAra-bAra kahI gaI hai, vaha mana ko vAsanAmukta karane kA yA mana ke pavitrIkaraNa kA eka aisA upAya hai jisakI prAmANikatA Adhunika manovijJAna ke prayogoM se siddha ho cukI hai| jaba sAdhaka apramatta cetanA se yukta hokara draSTAbhAva meM sthita hotA hai taba sArI vAsanAyeM aura sAre Avega svataH zithila ho jAte haiN| isI prakAra anyatra yaha kahakara ki "AyaMkadaMsI na karei pArva - 103 / 2 / " punaH eka manovaijJAnika satya ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai| jo apanI pIr3A yA vedanA ko dekha letA hai usake liye pApa karma meM pha~sanA eka manovaijJAnika asambhAvanA bana jAtI hai| jaba vyakti pApakarma yA hiMsA janita pIr3A kA svayaM AtmaniSTha rUpa meM anubhava karatA hai, hiMsA karanA usake liye asambhava ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sUtrakAra pApa se virata hone ke lie manovaijJAnika satvoM para adhiSThita paddhati prastuta karatA hai| - dharma kI manovaijJAnika vyAkhyA AcArAMga meM ahiMsA, samAdhi aura prajJA ko mokSamArga kahA gayA hai| isameM ahiMsA ko pUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai| yahA~ sAdhanA kA krama andara se bAhara kI ora na hokara bAhara se andara kI ora hai, jo adhika manovaijJAnika hai| ahiMsA kI sAdhanA ke dvArA jaba taka pariveza evaM cittavRtti nirAkula nahIM banegI, samAdhi nahIM hogI aura jaba taka samAdhi nahIM AegI prajJA kA udaya nahIM hogaa| isa sandarbha meM AcArAMga ke dRSTikoNa meM aura paravartI jaina darzana ke dRSTikoNa meM spaSTa antara hai| vaha AcAra-zuddhi se vicAra-zuddhi kI ora bar3hatA hai| AcArAMga meM dharma kyA hai? isake do nirdeza hameM upalabdha hote haiN| prathama zrutaskandha ke caturtha adhyayana ke prathama uddezaka ke prArambha AyAma khaNDa 6 meM ahiMsA ko zAzvata, meM ahiMsA ko zAzvata, nitya aura zuddha dharma kahA gayA hai, (savve bhUyA, savve jIvA savve sattA na haMtavvA---esa dhamme suddhe, niie, sAsae samicca loye kheyaNNehiM paveie - 1 / 4 / 1) aura prathama zrutaskandha ke AThaveM adhyAya ke tIsare uddezaka meM samatA ko dharma kahA gayA hai. samiyA dhamme AriyehiM paveie (1 / 8 / 3) vastutaH dharma kI ye do vyAkhyAe~ do dRSTikoNoM kA pratinidhitva karatI haiN| ahiMsA vyAvahArika samAja sApekSa dharma hai, jabaki vaiyaktika evaM Antarika dRSTi se samabhAva hI dharma hai| saiddhAMtika dRSTi se ahiMsA aura samabhAva meM abheda hai. kintu vyAvahArika dRSTi se ve alaga haiN| samabhAva kI bAhya abhivyakti ahiMsA bana jAtI hai aura yahI ahiMsA jaba svakendrita (svadayA) hotI hai to samabhAva bana jAtI hai| samatva yA samatA dharma kyoM? yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se utpanna hotA hai ki samatA ko dharma kyoM mAnA jAve? jaina paramparA ke paravartI granthoM meM dharma kI vyAkhyA 'vatyu-sahAvo dhammo' ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai, ataH samatA ko tabhI dharma mAnA jA sakatA hai jabaki vaha prANIya svabhAva siddha ho jAve, jarA isa prazna para manovaijJAnika dRSTi se vicAra kreN| jaina darzana meM mAnava prakRti evaM prANIya prakRti kA gahana vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| mahAvIra se jaba yaha pUchA gayA ki AtmA kyA hai ? AtmA kA sAdhya yA Adarza kyA hai? taba mahAvIra ne isa prazna kA jo uttara diyA thA vaha Aja bhI manovaijJAnika dRSTi se satya hai| mahAvIra ne kahA thA- AtmA samatva rUpa hai aura samatva hI AtmA kA sAdhya hai ( AyAe sAmAie AyA sAmAissa aTThe- bhagavatIsUtra ) / vastutaH jahA~ bhI jIvana hai, cetanA hai, vahA~ samatva ke saMsthApana ke anavarata prayAsa cala rahe haiN| parivezajanya viSamatAoM ko dUra kara samatva ke liye prayAsazIla bane, yaha jIvana yA cetanA kA mUla svabhAva hai| zArIrika evaM mAnasika stara para samatva kA saMsthApana hI jIvana kA lakSaNa hai| DA0 rAdhAkRSNan ke zabdoM meM 'jIvana gatizIla santulana hai' (jIvana kI AdhyAtmika dRSTi, pR0 259) / spensara ke anusAra pariveza meM nihita tathya jIvana ke saMtulana ko bhaMga karate rahate haiM aura jIvana apanI kriyAzIlatA ke dvArA punaH isa saMtulana ko banAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| yaha saMtulana banAne kA prayAsa hI jIvana kI prakriyA hai (phasTa priMsipalsa - spensara, pR066) / vikAsavAdiyoM ne ise hI astitva ke liye saMgharSa kahA hai, kintu merI apanI dRSTi meM ise astitva ke liye saMgharSa kahane kI apekSA samatva ke saMsthApana kA prayAsa kahanA hI adhika ucita hai| samatva ke saMsthApana evaM samAyojana kI prakriyA hI jIvana kA mahattvapUrNa lakSaNa hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana meM samabhAva yA vItarAga dazA ko hI naitika jIvana kA Adarza mAnA gayA hai| yaha bAta manovaijJAnika dRSTi se bhI sahI utaratI hai| saMgharSa nahIM, apitu samatva hI jIvana kA Adarza ho sakatA hai, kyoMki yahI hamArA svabhAva hai aura jo sva svabhAva hai vahI Adarza hai| svabhAva se bhinna Adarza kI kalpanA ayathArtha hai / .
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________________ 65 AcArAMgasUtra : eka vizleSaNa spensara, DArvina evaM ArsA prabhRti kucha pAzcAtya vicAraka saMgharSa ko ko sthApita kiyA hai| yadyapi mekeMjI ne "bhaya" ko ahiMsA kA AdhAra hI jIvana kA svabhAva mAnate haiM, lekina yaha eka mithyA dhAraNA hai| mAnA hai, kintu usakI yaha dhAraNA galata hai, kyoMki bhaya ke siddhAnta Adhunika vijJAna ke anusAra vastu kA svabhAva vaha hotA hai, jisakA ko yadi ahiMsA kA AdhAra banAyA jAyegA to vyakti kevala sabala nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jaina darzana ke anusAra nitya aura kI hiMsA se virata hogA, nirbala kI hiMsA se nhiiN| bhaya ko AdhAra nirapavAda vastudharma hI svabhAva hai| yadi hama ise kasauTI para kaseM to mAnane para to jisase bhaya hogA usI ke prati ahiMsaka buddhi banegI, saMgharSa evaM tanAva jIvana kA svabhAva siddha nahIM hotA hai| dvandvAtmaka jabaki AcArAMga to prANiyoM ke prati yahA~ taka ki vanaspati, jala bhautikavAda ke anusAra manuSya-svabhAva saMgharSa hai, mAnavIya itihAsa aura pRthvIkAyika jIvoM ke prati bhI ahiMsaka hone kI bAta karatA varga-saMgharSa kI kahAnI hai| saMgharSa hI jIvana kA niyama hai| kintu yaha hai| ata: AcArAMga meM ahiMsA ko bhaya ke AdhAra para nahIM, apati eka mithyA dhAraNA hai|ydi saMgharSa hI jIvana kA niyama hai, to phira jijIviSA aura sukhAkAMkSA ke manovaijJAnika satyoM ke AdhAra para dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda saMgharSa kA nirAkaraNa kyoM karanA cAhatA hai, saMgharSa adhiSThita kiyA gayA hai| punaH ahiMsA ko ina manovaijJAnika satyoM miTAne ke lie hotA hai| jo miTAne kI, nirAkaraNa karane kI vastu ke sAtha-sAtha tulyatA bodha ke bauddhika siddhAnta para khar3A kiyA gyaa| hai, kyA use svabhAva kahA jA sakatA hai? saMgharSa yadi mAnava itihAsa vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki 'je ajjhatthaM jANai se bahiyA jANai----eyaM kA eka tathya hai to vaha usake doSoM kA itihAsa hai, usake svabhAva tullmnnesiN'-1|17| jo apanI pIr3A ko jAna pAtA hai vahI tulyatA kA itihAsa nhiiN| mAnava svabhAva saMgharSa nahIM, saMgharSa kA nirAkaraNa yA bodha ke AdhAra para dUsaroM kI pIr3A ko bhI samajha sakatA hai| yaha samatva kI sAdhanA hai, kyoMki yugoM se mAnavIya prayAsa usI ke lie prANIya pIr3A kI tulyatA bodha ke AdhAra para hone vAlA AtmasaMvedana ho rahe haiN| ___ hI ahiMsA kA AdhAra hai| sUtrakAra to ahiMsA ke isa siddhAnta ko saMgharSa athavA samatva se vicalana jIvana meM pAye jAte haiM, lekina adhika gaharAI taka adhiSThita karane ke prayAsa svarUpa yahA~ taka kaha ve jIvana ke svabhAva nahIM haiM, kyoMki jIvana kI prakriyA unako samApta detA hai ki jise tU mAranA cAhatA hai, pIr3A denA cAhatA hai, satAnA karane kI dizA meM hI prayAsazIla hai| samatA kI upalabdhi hI manovaijJAnika cAhatA hai, vaha tU hI hai (AcArAMga, 11515) / Age kahatA hai ki dRSTi se jIvana kA sAdhya hai| kAmanA, Asakti, rAga-dveSa, vitarka Adi jo loga (loka) kA apalApa karatA hai vaha svayaM apanI AtmA kA sabhI mAnasika asaMtulana evaM tanAva kI avasthA ko abhivyakta karate apalApa karatA hai (AcArAMga, 111 / 3) / yahA~ ahiMsA ko adhika haiN| ata: AcArAMga meM inheM azubha mAnA gayA hai| isake viparIta gahana manovaijJAnika AdhAra dene ke prayAsa meM vaha jaina darzana ke AtmA vAsanAzUnya, vitarkazUnya, niSkAma, anAsakta, vItarAga avasthA hI sambandhI anekAtmavAda ke sthAna para ekAtmavAda kI bAta karatA sA jIvana kA Adarza hai kyoMki vaha samatva kI sthiti hai| rAga aura dveSa pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki yahA~ vaha isa manovaijJAnika satya ko dekha rahA kI vRttiyA~ hamAre cetana samatva ko bhaMga karatI haiM, ata: unase Upara hai ki kevala AtmabhAva meM hiMsA asambhava ho sakatI hai| jaba taka uThakara vItarAgatA kI avasthA ko prApta kara lenA hI sacce samatva dUsare ke prati para buddhi hai, parAyepana kA bhAva hai, taba taka hiMsA kI kI avasthA hai| vastuta: samatva kI upalabdhi AcArAMga aura Adhunika sambhAvanAe~ upasthita haiN| vyakti ke lie hiMsA tabhI asambhava ho sakatI manovijJAna donoM kI dRSTi se mAnava jIvana kA sAdhya mAnI jA sakatI hai jaba usameM prANI jagat ke prati apanatva yA AtmIya dRSTi jAgRta hai aura jo jIvana kA sAdhya evaM svabhAva ho, vahI dharma kahA jA sakatA ho| ahiMsA kI sthApanA ke lie jo manovaijJAnika bhUmikA apekSita hai| AcArAMga spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki jo samatA ko jAnatA hai thI use prastuta karane meM sUtrakAra ne AtmA kI vaiyaktikatA kI dhAraNA vahI muni dharma ko jAnatA hai| kA bhI atikramaNa kara use abheda kI dhAraNA para sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| hiMsA ke nirAkaraNa ke prayAsa meM bhI sUtrakAra ne eka AcArAMga meM ahiMsA kA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa ora isa manovaijJAnika satya ko ujAgara kiyA hai ki hiMsA se hiMsA ___AcArAMga meM ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ko manovaijJAnika AdhAra para yA ghRNA se ghRNA kA nirAkaraNa sambhava nahIM hai| vaha to spaSTa rUpa hI sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA ko arhat-pravacana se kahatA hai-zastroM ke AdhAra para yA bhaya aura hiMsA ke AdhAra kA sAra aura zuddha evaM zAzvata dharma batAyA gayA hai| para zAnti kI sthApanA sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki eka zastra kA pratikAra sarvaprathama hameM vicAra karanA hai ki ahiMsA ko hI dharma kyoM mAnA dUsare zastra ke dvArA sambhava hai| zAnti kI sthApanA to ahiMsA yA jaave| sUtrakAra isakA bar3A manovaijJAnika uttara prastuta karatA hai| vaha prema dvArA hI sambhava hai, kyoMki azastra se bar3hakara kucha anya nahIM kahatA hai ki sabhI prANiyoM meM jijIviSA pradhAna hai, punaH sabhI ko hai (AcArAMga, 1 / 3 / 4) / . sukha anukUla aura du:kha pratikUla hai (savve pANA piAuyA suhasAyA dukkhpddikuulaa-12|3), ahiMsA kA adhiSThAna yahI AcArAMga meM mAnavIya vyavahAra ke preraka tattva manovaijJAnika satya hai| astitva aura sukha kI cAha prANIya svabhAva sAmAnyatayA rAga aura dveSa ye do karma-bIja mAne gaye haiM, kintu hai| jaina vicArakoM ne isI manovaijJAnika tathya ke AdhAra para ahiMsA inameM bhI rAga hI pramukha tathya hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki
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________________ 66 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 Asakti hI karma kA preraka tathya hai (1 / 3 / 2) / AcArAMga aura Adhunika kI dRSTi se indriya vyApAroM kA nirodha eka asvAbhAvika tathya hai| manovijJAna donoM hI isa sambandha meM ekamata haiM ki mAnavIya vyavahAra A~kha ke samakSa jaba usakA viSaya prastuta hotA hai to vaha usake saundarya kA mUlabhUta preraka tattva vAsanA yA kAma hai| phira bhI AcArAMga aura darzana se vaMcita nahIM raha sktii| bhojana karate samaya svAda ko asvIkAra Adhunika manovijJAna donoM meM vAsanA ke mUlabhUta prakAra kitane haiM, nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ata: yaha vicAraNIya prazna hai ki indriya damana isa sambandha meM koI nizcita saMkhyA nahIM milatI hai| pAzcAtya manovijJAna ke sambandha meM kyA AcArAMga kA dRSTikoNa Adhunika manovaijJAnika meM jahA~ phrAyaDa kAma yA rAga ko hI ekamAtra mUla preraka mAnate haiM, dRSTikoNa se sahamata hai? AcArAMga isa prazna kA uttara dete hue yahI vahIM dUsare vicArakoM ne mUlabhUta prerakoM kI saMkhyA sau taka mAnI hai| bAta kahatA hai ki indriya vyApAroM ke nirodha kA artha indriyoM ko apane phira bhI pAzcAtya manovijJAna meM sAmAnyatayA nimna 14 mUla pravRttiyA~ viSayoM se vimukha karanA nahIM, varan viSaya sevana ke mUla meM jo nihita mAnI gaI haiM rAga-dveSa haiM unheM samApta karanA hai| isa sambandha meM usameM jo manovaijJAnika 1. palAyanavRtti (bhaya) 2. ghRNA, 3. jijJAsA, 4. AkrAmakatA dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vaha vizeSa rUpa se draSTavya hai| usameM (krodha), 5. Atmagaurava (mAna), 6. AtmahInatA, 7. mAtRtva kI kahA gayA hai ki yaha zakya nahIM ki kAnoM meM par3ane vAle acche yA saMpreraNA, 8. samUha bhAvanA, 9. saMgrahavRtti, 10. racanAtmakatA, 11. bure zabda sune na jAe~, ata: zabdoM kA nahIM, zabdoM ke prati jagane bhojanAnveSaNa, 12. kAma, 13, zaraNAgati aura 14. hAsya (aamod)| vAle rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karanA caahie| yaha zakya nahIM ki AMkhoM AcArAMgasUtra meM bhaya, jijJAsA, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga-dveSa, ke sAmane vAlA acchA yA burA rUpa na dekhA jAye ata: rUpa kA nahIM, AtmIyatA, hAsya Adi kA yatra-tatra bikharA huA ullekha upalabdha apitu rUpa ke prati jAgRta hone vAle rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karanA caahie| hai| isake atirikta hiMsA ke kAraNoM kA nirdeza karate hue kucha karma yaha zakya nahIM hai ki nAsikA ke samakSa AyI huI sugandha sUMghane meM prerakoM kA ullekha upalabdha hai| yathA jIvana jIne ke liye, prazaMsA na Ae ata: gandha kI nahIM, kintu gandha ke prati Ane vAle rAga aura mAna-sammAna pAne ke lie,janma-maraNa se chuTakArA pAne ke lie dveSa kI vRtti kA tyAga karanA caahie| yaha zakya nahIM hai ki jIbha tathA zArIrika evaM mAnasika duHkhoM kI nivRtti hetu prANI hiMsA karatA / para AyA huA acchA yA burA rasa cakhane meM na aaye| ata: rasa kA hai (1 / 1 / 4) / nahIM kintu rasa ke prati jAgane vAle rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karanA caahiye| yaha zakya nahIM hai ki zarIra se samparka hone vAle acche yA bare sparza AcArAMga kA sukhavAdI dRSTikoNa kI anubhUti na ho| ata: sparza nahIM, kintu sparza ke prati jAgane Adhunika manovijJAna hameM yaha bhI batAtA hai ki sukha sadaiva anukUla vAle rAga-dveSa kA tyAga karanA cAhiye (AcArAMga 2 / 15 / 101-105) / isalie hotA hai ki usakA jIvana zakti ko banAye rakhane kI dRSTi uttarAdhyayana meM bhI isakI puSTi kI gaI hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki se daihika mUlya hai aura duHkha isalie pratikUla hotA hai ki vaha jIvana indriyoM ke manojJa athavA amanojJa viSaya Asakta vyakti ke lie zakti kA sa karatA hai| yahI sukha-duHkha kA niyama samasta prANIya rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa nahIM hote haiN| ye viSaya rAgI puruSoM ke lie hI vyavahAra kA cAlaka hai| AcArAMga bhI prANIya vyavahAra ke cAlaka ke duHkha (bandhana) ke kAraNa hote haiM, vItarAgiyoM ke bandhana yA duHkha kA rUpa meM isI sukha-duHkha ke niyama ko svIkAra karatA hai (AcArAMga, kAraNa nahIM ho sakate haiN| kAma-bhoga na kisI ko bandhana meM DAlate 1 / 23) / anukUla ke prati AkarSaNa aura pratikUla ke prati vikarSaNa, haiM aura na kisI ko mukta hI kara sakate haiM, kintu jo viSayoM meM rAga-dveSa yaha indriya svabhAva hai| anukUla viSayoM kI ora pravRtti, pratikUla viSayoM karatA hai, vahI rAga-dveSa se vikRta hotA hai (uttarAdhyayana 32 / se nivRtti yaha eka naisargika tathya hai, kyoMki sukha anukUla aura duHkha 100-101) / pratikUla hotA hai| vastuta: prANI sukha ko prApta karanA cAhatA hai aura jaina darzana ke anusAra sAdhanA kA saccA mArga aupazamika nahIM duHkha se bacanA cAhatA hai| vAsanA hI apane vidhAnAtmaka rUpa meM sukha varan kSAyika hai| aupazamika mArga kA artha vAsanAoM kA damana hai| aura niSedhAtmaka rUpa meM duHkha kA rUpa le letI hai, jisase vAsanA icchAoM ke nirodha kA mArga aupazamika mArga hai| Adhunika manovaijJAnika kI pUrti ho vahI sukha aura jisase vAsanA kI pUrti na ho athavA kI dRSTi meM yaha damana kA mArga hai, jabaki kSAyika mArga vAsanAoM vAsanA pUrti meM bAdhA utpanna ho vaha du:kh| isa prakAra vAsanA se hI ke nirasana kA mArga hai| vaha vAsanAoM se Upara uThAtA hai| yaha damana sukha-duHkha ke bhAva utpanna hokara prANIya vyavahAra kA niyamana karane nahIM, apitu citta vizuddhi hai| damana to mAnasika gandagI ko Dhakane lagate haiN| mAtra meM hai aura jaina darzana isa prakAra ke damana ko svIkAra nahIM krtaa| jaina dArzanikoM ne guNasthAna prakaraNa meM yaha spaSTa rUpa se batAyA hai damana kA pratyaya aura AcArAMga ki vAsanAoM ko dabAkara Ane vAlI sAdhanA vikAsa kI agrima kakSAoM sAmAnyatayA AcArAMga meM indriya-saMyama para kAphI bala diyA gayA se anivAryatayA padacyuta ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki hai| vaha to zarIra ko sukhA DAlane kI bAta bhI kahatA hai| lekina jaina-darzana bhI Adhunika manovaijJAnika ke samAna hI damana ko sAdhanA prazna yaha hai ki kyA pUrNa indriya-nirodha sambhava hai? Adhunika manovijJAna kA saccA mArga nahIM mAnatA hai| usake anusAra sAdhanA kA saccA mArga
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________________ AcArAMgasUtra : eka vizleSaNa vAsanAoM kA damana nahIM, apatui unase Upara uTha jAnA hai| vaha indriya karatA hai| nigraha nahIM, apitu aindrika anubhUtiyoM meM bhI mana kI vItarAgatA yA . ata: hama kaha sakate haiM ki saMkSepa meM AtmA, punarjanma, karma, samatva kI avasthA hai| bandhana, Azrava, saMvara, nirjarA aura mukti ina saba avadhAraNAoM ko ata: yaha spaSTa hai ki AcArAMgasUtra apanI vivecanAoM meM cAhe saMkSepa meM hI kyoM na sahI, svIkAra karake calatA hai| phira bhI manovaijJAnika AdhAroM para khar3A huA hai| uttama AcAra ke jo niyama- uparyukta vivecana se itanA spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki AcArAMga, darzana ke upaniyama banAye gaye haiM, ve bhI usakI manovaijJAnika dRSTi ke paricAyaka sambandha meM kevala unhIM tathyoM ko rakhanA cAhatA hai jo usake AcAra-zAstra haiM, kintu yahA~ una sabakI gaharAiyoM meM jAnA sambhava nahIM hai| yadyapi kI pUrva mAnyatA ke lie aparihArya haiN| jainadharma kA jo vikasita isa sampUrNa vivecanA kA yaha artha bhI nahIM hai ki AcArAMga meM jo tattvajJAna hai usakA usameM abhAva hI dekhA jAtA hai, jIva aura pudgala kucha kahA gayA, vaha sabhI manovaijJAnika satyoM para AdhArita hai| ahiMsA, ko chor3akara AkAza, dharma, adharma aura kAla kI usameM koI svatantra samatA aura anAsakti ke jo Adarza usameM prastuta kiye gae haiM, ve vyAkhyA nhiiN| cAhe manovaijJAnika AdhAroM para adhiSThita hoM, kintu unakI jIvana meM pUrNa upalabdhi kI saMbhAvanAoM para manovaijJAnika dRSTi se hI prazna cihna AcArAMga ke AcAra-niyama bhI lagAyA jA sakatA hai| ye Adarza ke rUpa meM cAhe kitane hI suhAvane jahA~ taka AcArAMga meM pratipAdita AcAra niyamoM kA prazna hai mUlataH hoM, kintu mAnava jIvana meM inakI vyAvahArika sambhAvanA kitanI hai, ve sabhI niyama ahiMsA ke kendra meM rakhakara banAye gaye haiN| AcArAMga yaha vivAda kA viSaya bana sakatA hai| phira bhI mAnavIya-durbalatA ke ke AcAra niyamoM kA kendrabindu ahiMsA kA paripAlana hI hai| jIvana AdhAra para unase vimukha honA ucita nahIM hogaa| kyoMki inake dvArA meM ahiMsA aura anAsakti ko kisa caramasImA taka apanAyA jA sakatA hI na kevala manuSya kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa hogA, apatui loka maMgala hai isakA Adarza hameM AcArAMga meM dekhane ko mila sakatA hai| AcArAMga kI bhAvanA bhI sAkAra bana skegii| ke do zrutaskandhoM meM jahA~ prathama zrutaskandha AcAra ke sAmAnya siddhAntoM ko prastuta karatA hai vahA~ dvitIya zrutaskandha usake vyavahAra pakSa ko AcArAMga meM pratipAdita tattvajJAna spaSTa karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| vidvAnoM ne AcArAMga ke dUsare zrutaskandha jaisA ki hama saMketa kara cuke haiM ki AcArAMga mUlataH darzana ko prathama zrutaskandha kI vyAvahArika vyAkhyA hI mAnA hai| prathama zrutaskandha kA grantha na hokara AcAra zAstra kA grantha hai phira bhI aisA nahIM kahA meM mUlata: ahiMsA, anAsakti tathA kaSAyoM aura vAsanAoM ke vijaya jA sakatA hai ki usameM darzana ke tattvoM kA pUrNata: abhAva hai| AcArAMga kA sUtra rUpa meM saMketa kiyA gayA hai| jabaki dUsare zrutaskandha meM inase kA prArambha hI eka pAriNAmika nitya AtmA kI avadhAraNA se hotA Upara uThakara kaisA jIvana jiyA jA sakatA hai isakA citraNa kiyA hai| AcArAMga AtmA aura punarjanma kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karake gayA hai| dUsarA zrutaskandha mUlata: muni jIvana meM bhojana, vastra, pAtra calatA hai| vaha karma kI avadhAraNA ko bhI svIkAra karatA hai tathA Adi sAmAnya AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kisa prakAra kI jAya isakA yaha mAnatA hai ki karma hI bandhana ke kAraNa haiN| yadi hama sUkSmatA se vistAra se vivecana karatA hai| isa zrutaskandha kA antima bhAga jahA~ dekheM to usameM karma ko paudgalika mAnakara karma-zarIra kA bhI ullekha eka ora mahAvIra kA jIvanavRtta prastuta karatA hai vahIM dUsarI ora vaha kiyA gayA hai, aura sAdhaka ko kahA gayA hai ki vaha karma zarIra kA indriya vijaya kI manovaijJAnika prakriyA para bhI prakAza DAlatA hai| hI vidhUnana kre| isI prakAra AcArAMga meM Azrava, saMvara aura prakArAntara yadyapi AcArAMga kA AcArapakSa vyAvahArika dRSTi se kaThora kahA jA se nirjarA kI vyavasthAyeM bhI upalabdha ho jAtI haiN| AcArAMga muktAtmA sakatA hai, kintu usameM sAdhanA ke jisa Adarza svarUpa kA citraNa ke anirvacanIya svarUpa kI bhI aupaniSadika zailI meM vyAkhyA hai, usake mUlya ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa|