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THE WORLD OF JAINISM
which is acquired with the help of senses (indriya) and mind (anındriya) Again, mata sands for such processes as memory (Smrita), recognition (Sangna or pratibhinina), induction (cinta) and deduction (abhinabodha). Bhadrabahu gives a list of other synonyms of mat? Matz-znana is of two types (1) Dependent on sense-organs such as eye-sensation, touch-sensation, etc. This is known as (indriya-znana), and is of five types (2) NonSensuous (anindriya or no-indriya jnana) consists in knowledge derived from mind This includes knowledge derived from processes such as memory, induction and deduction Avagraha (perception, rha (speculation), avaya (perceptual judgement), and dharna (retention) are classified under indriya-pratyksa whereas smrtz (memory), sanina (recognition), cinta (discursive thought) and abhan2bodha (perception cognition) ale zegarded as anındriya-pratyaksa or mental perception
The theory of perception details several stages through which the activity of perception or matz-znana finds its completion As stated earlier, it consists of avagraha (perception), cha (speculation) avaya or apaya (perceptual judgement), and dharana (retention) Avagraha lies in arousing initial consciousness or contact awareness (vyanjana-avagraha) Thereafter follows the awareness of the object (arthia-avagraha) But at the stage of avagraha, the perception of the object is not complete It is inderterminate; because only general features of the object are cognized at this stage This stage provides the preparatory ground for a thorough grasp of the Thereafter follows the stage known as tha or speculation In this stage the object becomes distinct "For instance, in avagraha (perception) a person simply hears a sound, while in zha he cognizes the nature of the sound also" 24 Now even the specific features of the object are clearly known Thereafter comes the stage known as apaya or avaya This is the stage of percptual judgement In this stage various alternatives are examined and the correct judgement is made For instance, at this stage it is distinctly known that it is the sound of man and not of bell or conch The last stage of perception is dharana This is the stage of retention The perceived object is completely registered in mind at this stage This marks the termination or completion of perception These stages of perception are very similar to the stages mentioned in Buddhist psychology These stages are bhavanga upaccheda, disturbance of subliminal consciousness, pancadvaravarjana, sensation, caksu vijnana, visual perception, etc, sampatichana, recepient consciousness, santirana investigation consciousness, votthapana, determining consciousness, javana, apperception, and
22 Ibid, v 1, 13 23 For detail, see Tatia Nathmal, Studies in Taina Philosophy, pp 32-34 24. Nandr Sutra, 35
