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Tattvartha Sutra
Tattvartha Sutra
laid down in Jain scriptures. 10, The contemplation of the universe and of our own position within the universe (loka) 11, Recognising how rare and difficult it is to have true faith and an understanding of one's own righteousness. 12, The contemplation of religion as the saviour of oneself. We have seen that austerities have a special place in Jain code of conducts. Here, Umaswatiji explains the types of austerities.
The six internal types of austerities are1) The repentance of misdeeds. 2) Showing modesty and respect for spiritual leaders. 3) Serving spiritual leaders 4) Studying good books. 5) Meditation ( see aphorism 9/29 ) 6) Observing mental kausagga ( i.e. feeling the separation of the body and soul through Jain-yoga practices).
In Jainism, meditation does not merely include contemplation associated with yoga. Here, meditation includes concentration or reflection on certain subjects. Meditation may be either good or bad.
ANSANA-AVMAUDARYA-VRATIPARISANKHYANRASPARITYAGVIVIKTASAYYASAN-KAYKLESHA BAHYAM TAPAH 9-19 PRAYASCHIT-VINAY-VAIYAVRATYASWADHYAY-VYUTSARGA DHYANANYUTRAM 9-20 = There are twelve types of penance. The first six are considered external penance because they are mainly physical austerities. The remaining six are internal as the majority of them are connected with the mind and our feelings towards others. The twelve austerities are as below1) Fasting - carried out according to the strict regulations laid down by Jain spiritual teachers. 2) Eating in moderation- this acts to preserving good health. 3) Abandoning feelings of greed. (To have a limitation in number of items one eats) 4) Eating without feelings of attachment to food. 5) Self-imposed hardships to train one's mind.
he 6) Control of the body and senses.
JAIN WAY OF MEDITATIONARTA-RAUDRA-DHARMYA-SHUKLANI 9-29 = There are four types of meditations(1) Sorrowful- This contemplation is a state of lamentation and despair and must be avoided. (2) Wrathful- This includes the feelings of envy, jealousy and anger. After abandoning the above two types of contemplation, one has to become determined to forge ahead and walk into the path of righteousness
The third and fourth contemplation help to achieve that goal:(3) Righteous and religious thoughts. (4) Spiritual meditation.
Spiritual meditation is the highest state. The original word used
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