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A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DHYANA IN JAIN, BUDDHA AND YOGA SYSTEMS
Sampragyaana and Shukla Dhyaana
Both the Yoga Darshana and Buddha system use the term 'Sampragyaana'. Except for terminological differences, the meaning is the same. According to Buddha system, to know fully and in all respects through one's Pragya or wisdom is Sampragyaana. One who knows the arising of sensations, their disappearance, their ephemeral character and continues to see the arising and disappearing of sensations continuously, and who has risen above cravings and aversion towards the world is a Sampragyaani' or a man of full and right knowledge and of 'Samma Sati' or a man of right remembrance. Such a person is fully awakened and knows and remembers that the world is ephemeral and is aware of self while eating, drinking, sitting, standing, walking, sleeping, etc. In the Anguttar Nikaaya (one of the books of Buddha system), following has been mentioned for a Sampragyaani:114
Yatan chare yatan tithe yatan achchhe yatan saye Yate sa minjaye bhikkhu yatamenan pasaaraye Uddhan tiriyan apaachinan yaavataa jagato gati Samavekkhitaa ch dhammaanan khandhaanan udayabbbayan.
Meaning-Moves with awareness, stands with awareness, Sits with awareness, sleeps with awareness,
So long as he is moving in this world,
Is aware of movements upward, downward, backwards, sideways, And is aware of and continues to observe the Dhamma of sensationsThe arising and disappearing of sensations.
It is interesting to find similar quotation in Jain scriptures. In Dashvaikaalik Sutra, Chapter 4, we find the following question and answer between the disciple and the Master: 115
Kahan chare kahan chitthe kahan maase kahan saye?
Kahan bhujanto-bhaasanto? Paava kamman na bandhayi Jayan chare, jayan chitthe, jayan maase jayan saye Jayan bhujanto-bhaasanto, paava kamman na bandhayi. -Dashavaikaalik Sutta ch. 4, stanza 6&7
Disciple asks
How do I move, sit, eat, sleep and talk so that I do not commit sin?
