________________
“Dasa-rupaka-Vicăra"
1815 [We beg to differ. At least when Bharata wrote his NS., all the major types and some minor types were being staged before him, for quite long, i.e. a tradition of centuries, otherwise the codification could not have been possible. Prof. Dolararai Mankad (Types of Drama) suggested that one-act plays-bhāna-could have been the oldest.
We do not accept this either, for these are only hypotheses not supported by facts. At least for Bharata ten types and two minor types were a living tradition. We can not surmise that this or that type was the first to evolve. It was a rich heritage that came down to Bharata and he passed it over to his posteriors. This is a logical stand.)
(70) - The flight (for excitement) is three fold : (a) arising out of battle or flood (jala), (b) caused by storm (vāyu), fire or havoc of a lordly elephant, and (c) born out of the seige of a city.
[foot-note by Dr. Bhat reads : Abhinava explains that Vidrava is a terrific calamity from which people try to run away in fright. He classifies this as (a) - caused by inanimate factors : like flood, storm; (b) caused by animate factors; like a loose elephant, and (c) caused by both animate and inanimate factors; like war, seige, or fire, op. cit. p. 439]
(71) The threefold deceit in this context (atra) is to be known as (a) that which has been brought by a calculated plan (vastu-gata) and involving (on the part of the innocent victim), worry about means (krama) for counteracting it); (b) which has been deliberately employed by another (to avenge an offence given), and (c) which occurs due to adverse fate (or accident). It causes the advent of happiness or misery.
[foot-note by Dr. Bhat reads : See Abhinava, op. cit. p. 439. The difference between 'vastu-gata' and 'para-prayukta' is that in the former a person is an innocent victim of the Kapata, in the latter the victim is guilty, his own action has invited the ‘Kapața.'
(72) In this (Samavakāra) the experts who know the rules should employ threefold love as connected with different kinds of actions : that in relation to religious duty, that prompted by material gain, and that inspired by passion (or sexual desire).
[foot-note by Dr. Bhat reads : "The locative in dharme, arthe, kāme indicates that these are the causes of the results of Śrngāra presented in the Samavakāra. Normally, the gods being self-sufficient, these purusārthas do not concern them but
Jain Education International
For Personal & Private Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
