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division of pramāna in his Nyāyāvatāra (4" - 5' cent. AD). Another impact of Nyāya School on Jaina epistemology is seen in Nandīsūtra (5" Century) where the sense-cognition is included into pratyakşa (Nandisātra-4) following the Nyāya tradition. Later on Jaina scholars such as Jinabhadragani Kșamāśramaņa and Akalanka designated it as `perception according to the common usage' (sämvyavahärika pratyakşa). Regarding the five organs (pañca-avayavas) of inference (anumāna) Jaina thinkers are also agreed with Nyāya school. But in Niryukti literature we come a cross with ten organs of inference along with above-mentioned five organs. Though the concept of five organs is common to both the traditions, but the idea of ten organs is a peculiarity of Jaina tradition only. Similarly, due to the influence of Nyāya School, Jaina thinkers also adopted the threefold division of inference (319419) such as pūrvavat (949), sesavat (97990) and sāmanyato-drsta (31144g). In the Jaina canonical works of later period, we find mention of this classification, which shows the impacts of Nyāya School on Jaina epistemology.
The last, but no least, major influence of Nyāya School on Jaina epistemology is the adoption of Navya-nyāya technique of Gangesa by the two most versatile Jaina scholars- Upādhyāya Yaśovijaya (171" century AD) and Vimaladāsa. Yasovijaya's Anekāntavyavasthā written in the neo-nyāya style helped the reestablishment of Anekāntavāda. Similarly, the Jaina-tarkabhāṣā and Jñānabindu were two important contributions to the Jaina Pramāņaśāstra. Vimaldās's Saptabhargitarangini a treatment of Saptabhangi (doctrine of seven fold predications) is the most celebrated work of Jaina logic written in the same style.
Some traditional Jaina scholars may be reluctant in accepting the Nyāya impact on Jaina philosophy but in my humble opinion, it would be against the intellectual honesty. First of all we should decide the chronology of the development of different philosophical schools as well as philosophical thoughts honestly and then the mutual influence be traced on the basis of chronology.
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