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PHILOSOPHICAL ESSAYS
It is precisely these difficulties which the previous editors, Muni Catur vijayaji and Lalcandra B. Gandhi on the one hand and Vijayalabdhisüri' on the other, could not overcome in a convincing manner. Besides, their editions were based on only a few manuscripts, whereas Jambüvijaya succeeded in collecting a total of 8 codices, among them an "atidurlabhätiviśistă ca pratih" in which he says "avidyamănă bahavo visuddhaḥ patha asmabhir labdhah".
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Anybody who goes through even the beginning or selected portions of the text in Jambüvijaya's edition will, I think, subscribe to the opinion expressed by Frauwallner in his "Preface" that by it "a stable basis is supplied for further research". For, Frauwallner goes on to say," "his reconstruction of the original makes it possible to follow Mallavädi's trends of thought also in passages where absolute certainty cannot be achieved. It has been carefully considered and deserves our full attention. At any rate, the text of the commentary is reliable and has been made legible by means of various corrections. Above all this text gains greatly by numerous notes and cross-references to related texts, thus aiding in the comprehension of the original itself". 10
3. Regarding the value of the Dvädasaranayacakra as a source for the history of non-Jaina philosophy-a value often pointed out by Jambüvijaya with particular emphasis-Frauwallner, too, scems. to be quite as positive, and it was mainly for this reason that he drew quite early the attention of scholars to this work which "dating back to a time which is extremely lacking in information as to philosophical systems, yields quite a number of news on
* Dvadasaranayacakra of Srimallavädisüri, with the commentary of Sri Simhasüri. Pt. 1 of Four Arns. Ed. by Late Muni Caturvijayaji (pp. 1-232) and Lalacandra B. Gandhi (pp. 233-314). Baroda 1952 (GOS No. CXVI). I do not know whether further parts are to be published. 7 The Dvadasharanayachakram of Sri Mallavadi Kshamasramana with the Nyayagamanusarini Commentary by Sri Sinhasuragani Vadi Kshamasramana. Ed. with Critical Introduction, Index and Vishamapadavivechana by Acharya Vijaya Labdhi Suri. Pt. I-IV, Chhani 1948-1960 (Shri Labdhisurishwar Jain Granthamälä No. 20, 26, 35 and 44). Jambüvijaya's "Präkkathanam", p. 9. Frauwallner's "Introduction", p. 6.
10 One has to distinguish between the footnotes on the one hand and detailed and most useful annotations on the other (cf. the chapter. "Tippaṇānāmi dvaividhyam" in Jambūvijaya's "Präkkathanam", p. 38).
REMARKS ON THE SARVASARVATMAKATVAVADA
authors and works of which we know very little indeed"." But on the other hand he characterizes Mallavädin not only as "a remarkable", but also as "a somewhat selfwilled thinker"; speaks of his "peculiar but also headstrong way of thinking", "his entirely new way to see things"; attests to him to have tried "to categorize the old doctrine of the Naya or the various ways of considering things in a new and more systematic order, so as to bring about a refutation of all contradicting arguments"; considers his method to be "often reckless, even on the verge of forcefulness" and uses even the expression "polemics (against other systems)".12
Under the influence of these rather critical remarks one wonders at first whether there is at all any objectivity to be expected from Mallavädin so as to render his work a reliable source in those parts, too, where he does not quote verbatim from other sources. The testimonial value of the [Dvädaśāra-] N[aya-] C[akra can of course, be finally judged only on the basis of a careful and comprehensive investigation, a task that has yet to be undertaken. Nevertheless it may be pointed out that Frauwallner's remarks, although open to misconstruction, were not intended to suggest that one ought to be rather sceptical as to Mallavadi's trustworthiness. For, as I have already stated above, Frauwallner, too emphasized the testimonial value of the NC, and it was with this in mind that he expressed the wish that "Mallavadi's work....should find the attention it deserves, and its rewarding contents should bear fruit in further research", 13
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In following Frauwallner's suggestion I try to make a modest contribution to the breaking of this new and fascinating ground; and I hope that the results achieved will indeed prove rewarding.
4. In accordance with Mallavädin's systematic arrangement of the twelve world-views the 3rd chapter of the NC is entitled vidhyubhayära, i.c. "spoke [representing that world-view] which comprises both [affirmation as well as negation of the [ general.] affirmation". The contents of this chapter have been
11 Frauwallner's "Introduction", p. 5.
Cf. also Frauwallner's article "The Editions of Mallavadi's Dvadaśära. nayacakram" in: WZKSOA I (1957). pp. 147-151.
12 Frauwallner's "Introduction", p. 1 et passim.
18 Frauwallner's "Introduction", p. 6.
