Pristine Jainism

Author(s): S M Jain
Publisher: Parshwanath Vidyapith

Page 92

OTHER SALIENT FEATURES OF JAINISM
Principle of Non-absolutism (Anekānta and Syādvāda):
There is no exact English equivalent of the word Anekānta (Syādväda). It is terminus technicus generally defined as non-absolutism. The word 'Syād means 'Kathancit' i.e in certain situation, context or particular reference. It is generally translated as 'May be' which is not true equivalent. Syādvāda envisages sevenfold dialectic (Saptabhangas).
Syādvāda is a logical system of Jaina philosophy. It reconciles analytical (Paryāyārthika) and synthetic (Dravyārthika) viewpoints. Jaina logic is essentially realistic. A real is only a part of system with an intrinsic network of relations in varying situations according to substance (Dravya), space (Kșetra), time (Kāla) and attitudes or modes (Bhāva). A real not only originates (utpāda) but is also liable to cease (Vyaya) and at the same time capable of persisting (Dhrauvya). Things possess an infinite number of attributes, characteristics and present, past, future modes. The world of reals is not only plurality but also unity. There is not only diversity of reals but each real is equally diversified. Anekānta is philosopy of relatedness, integration, many-foldeness, togetherness and harmony. According to P.C. Mahalanobis, it has certain interesting resemblances to the probabilistic and statistical view of reality of modern times.
The principle of non-absolutism is unique in Jainism. It implies regard, respect for the views of others and is opposed to any kind of dogmatism or fundamentalism. It reconciles even divergent views. It can be explained by a simple example of an individual's multiple relationships. Person ‘A’ is son for his parents, brother for sister, husband for his spouse, father for his offsprings etc. etc. If parents claim that he is their son only and similarly wife claim that he is her husband only then conflicts start. Mother should consider daughter-in-laws claim or views and vice