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H. KITAGAWA
tation of what the second definition says. Here area BX-the area enclosed by line b and line m-is the area where all the entities that possess both dharma B (the sadhana-dharma) and dharma X exist, i.e. the area where all the entities that possess dharma B limited by dharma X exist16. Area CX-the area enclosed by line c and line m-is the area where all the entities that possess both dharma C (the sadhya-dharma) and dharma X exist, i.e. the area where all the entities that possess dharma C limited by dharma X exist. Area D-the area inside the circle enclosed by line d--is the area where all the entities that possess dharma D (i.e. the upadhi) exist. Remember the second definition, "yad-dharmâvacchinnasadhya-vyāpakatve sati tad-dharmâvacchinna-sādhanâvyāpakaḥ upadhih (That which is a pervader of the sadhya [-dharma] limited by dharma X and non-pervader of the sadhana [-dharma] limited by the same dharma X is the upadhi)." Figure IX is the exact representation of this definition. For in Figure IX no part of area CX
d
CX
BX
C
Figure IX
is found to be outside area D and some part of area BX is found to be outside area D. It is to be noted that while area D may stretch over both the right-side and the left-side rectangles, areas BX and
16. Cf. foot-note 10
