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Circle is curved in 2-dimensional space and also finite but unbounded. Sphere is curved in three-dimensional space. Three dimensional space is curved in 4-dimensional space. Four dimensional space is curved in 5-dimensional space. Five dimensional space is curved in 6-dimensional space and so on.
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This implies that the Einstein Universe and the De Sitter Universe are sub-universes of the Universe propounded in Jain Philosophy.
Pudgala is that which possesses the attributes of touch, taste, smell and colour. In modern language, Pudgala is matter or energy. The smallest indivisible part of a Pudgala is a parmanu. Pudgalas are many in number. Pudgala is not devoid of consciousness. Substance in Jainism has the same meaning as substance in modern science. Two points, are reality and therefore, distance between two points is also reality, as two points define space, so space is also a reality. Space is support to everything. Jain metaphysics described space as an astikaya, i.e. an extended substance which has an independent objective existence.
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