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The ideal official was "the silent man" who is respectful of established authority and just, since maat (which means Truth, Justice, Rightness) is part of the world order of which his royal master, the pharaoh is the champion. The silent man is not the meek sufferer, but the wise, self-possessed, welladapted man, modest and self-effacing upto a point but determinate and firm in the awareness that he is thoroughly in harmony with the world in which he lives13. His ideology was not of the coward, it was of the brave. Pharaoh, the supreme leader of the people possessed these qualities almost to at point of perfection. He was the best and noblest servant of the people. Men of high moral fibre, possessing great intellectual and spiritual qualities, self-effacing, having little material possessions occupied high public offices with no hereditary rights. This ancient type of republican society flourished in Egypt itll circa 2200 B.C.
Sramanalogy reflects itself in the social sphere as freedom, equality and progress of the individual and the and the group. This was the age of Tirthankar Mallinah when the first-servants of Egypt, under the leadership of Menes, went from Bharata to their new home. Egypt imported custom of matrilineal descent from her first immigrants. Monogamy was the general custom. The position of women was of equality and prestige. She was economically independent and enjoyed status and freedom. She would attain the position of a priestess. She could go anywhere without molestation. All landed property descended in the female line.
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from mother to daughter11. Family was the social unit and based on a single individual, was of necessity small. The marriage took place outside the family. Monogamy was cumpulsory. Polygamy was unknown to the inhabitants of the Nile Valley. Women constantly appeared in public, were equal in the eye of law, could ascend the throne and administer the government of the country. The Nobles also limited themselves to a single wife whom one made the partner of his cares and joys and treated her with respect and affection15.
The economic life of the ancient Egyptians was marked with simplicity equality, peace and progress. Though the people voluntarily granted certain privileges to the priests for their specific services, their general living was marked by simplicity. The society generally was composed of middle classes. They lived in one-storeyed or twostoreyed simple houses. Side by side. the houses of the common people, we find massive, huge, spacious and palatial buildings; pyramids and temples. Private houses and community buildings characterise the individual and state-governed economic life of the people. It was a mixed economy.
Egypt in the fourth millenium B. C. was the granary of the civilised world. The peasantry was simple. It was really free from the entire class of restrictions and interferences. It was not vaxatiously interefered by the Government. It had freedom of choice with respect of crops and farming operations". The people were mostly tied to the land which
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