Jinamanjari 2000 09 No 22

Author(s): Jinamanjari
Publisher: Canada Bramhi Jain Society Publication

Page 48

12. Soper, Alexander C., "The 'Dome of Heaven' in Asia," The Art Bulletin, December, 1947, p. 226: "The Indian impulse toward formal organization of a divine hierarchy, visible at an early stage in the Mathura Jaina plaque, was carried to conclusion in the next half-millennium by the perfection of the Tantric Mandala." 13. Kramrisch, Stella, 'Nepalese Paintings," Journal of the Indian Society of Oriental Art, vol. 1, #2, December, 1933, p. 136 ff.
14. Ibid., p. 140.
15. Wayman, Alex, from a paper delivered at Mathura in December, 1979, "The Astamangala (Eight Auspicious Things)".
16. The circle of these 'pedestals', being slightly concave, looks rather like a Siddhaloka in the round. It could also refer to the halo supposed to appear behind the head of the Jina.
17. Ramachandran, op.cit., p. 106.
18. Johnson, Helen, op.cit. Such offering stands with carvings of the auspicious signs are still used today in ritual. See Jain, Jyotindra, and Fischer, Eberhard, Jaina Iconography, Leiden, 1978, Plate Xvb.
19. See note #4.
20. Ramachandran, T.N., op.cit., pp. 106-109.
21. Ibid., p. 107.
22. Smith, V.A., op.cit., p. 6.
23. Jaini, Padmanabh S., op.cit., p. 5.
24. Smith, V.A., op.cit., Plate XVIII.
25. Monier-Williams, Sir M., A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Delhi, (1974), p. 579.
26. Examples can be found in Shah, U.P., op.cit., Plate XXXI, and in Chandra, Moti, Jain Miniature Paintings from Western India, Ahmedabad, 1949, Fig. 187.
27. Shah, U.P., op.cit., p. 86. Also see p. 21 and note #59.
28. Tantric Buddhism's reliance on mandala symbolism could be considered an exception. Such cosmograms as the Kalacakra Mandala, for instance, has striking similarities to the elaborate descriptions of the Jaina samavasarana.
29. Mitra, Debala, "Mathura", Jaina Art and Architecture, vol. I, (A. Ghosh, Ed.), New Delhi, 1974, p. 66.
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