Jinamanjari 1996 04 No 13

Author(s): Jinamanjari
Publisher: Canada Bramhi Jain Society Publication

Page 68

Renouncer, more than the Brahman, who has been the principal architect of Indian classical culture, and has imprinted on it his own special outlook, thereby, transmitting his own bias to the Great Tradition (italics are mine)." See: Richard Lannoy, The Speaking Tree: A Study of Indian Culture and Society (London: Oxford University Press, 1975) p.210. One is reminded of Mary Daly's critique of Mircea Eliade's distinctions between sacred and profane as being a distinction between male and female activities, i.e. male is equated with sacred and female is equated with profane. See: Gyn/ Ecology: The Metaethics of Radical Feminism (Boston: Beacon Press, 1978) pp.44-51. 10 Herbert P. Sullivan, "A Re-examination of the Religion of the Indus Civilization," History of Religions 4 (1964) pp. 115-125.
Alf Hiltebeitel, "The Indus Valley 'Proto-Siva' Reexamined Through Reflections on the Goddess, the Buffalo and the Symbolism of the Vahanas," Anthropos 73 (1978) pp. 767-797 12 Asko Parpola, "New Correspondences Between Harappan and New Easter Glyptic Art," South Asian Archaeology (Copenhagen: Scandanvian Institute of Asian Studies, 1981) pp. 176195. 13 Shubhangana Atre, The Archetypal Mother: A Systemic Approach to Harappan Religion (Pune: Ravish Publishers, 1987) pp.20-21 14 Ibid., p.191. 15 Ibid., p.194. 16 Ibid., p.187.
The findings of my study were first reported in a paper, "Ancient Goddesses: The Bimbutas Model as Applied to India: A Preliminary Study," delivered at East Meets West: A Conference on Comparative Philosophy Celebrating teh Platinum Jubilee Year of the University of Mysore, June 1991. A published version is forthcoming. 10 Margaret Ehenberg, Women in Prehistory (Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1989) pp. 77-90. 19 Marilyn Nagy, "Mestruation and Shamanism," Betwixt and Between: Patterns of Masculine and Feminine Initiation (La Salle, Illinois 12/18/94 Open Court, 1987) p.243. 20 Marija Gimbutas. Gods and Goddesses of Old Europe 7000-3500 B.C. (London: Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1974); The Language of the Goddess (New York: Harper and Row Publishers, 1989); The Civilization of the Goddess (San Francisco: Harper Collins Publishers, 1991). 21 Gimbutas, Civilization, p.352. 22 Ibid., p.349. 23 Ibid., p.xi. 24 Kennedy, "Skeletal Biology," p.24. 23 Riane Eisler, The Chalice and the Blade (San Francisco: Harper Collins Publishing, 1988), p.91. 26 Janice D. Willis, "Nuns and Benefactresses: The Role of Women in the Development of Buddhism," in Women, Religion, and Social Change, Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad and Ellison Banks Findly, eds. (Albany, NY:State University of New York Press, 1985) p. 77. 27 Johnsen, 9; and A.S. Altekar, The Position of Women in Hindu Civilization (Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1987) p.10. 20 Ellison Banks Findly, "Gargi at the King's Court: Women and Philosophic Innovation in Ancient India," Women, Religion, and Social Change, Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad and Ellison Banks Findly, eds. (Albany, N.Y.:State University of New York Press, 1985) p.38. 29 Altekar, pp. 31,343. 30 Findly, pp. 38-39. 31 Ibid. 32 Ibid. p.46. There were during that period, however, female renunciates belonging to some sixty-two heresies and wandering communities. In the Vedic tradition, women renouncers were viewed as loose women and equated with prostitutes and street performers. See: Susan Murcott,
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