Jainism in Rajasthan

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IT. SATNA ART number--are three storeys high and tower over the others of the same group, and one of the central domes, that facing the principal entrance is double, having a second dome over the inner and supported by the very unusual number of sixteen columns. The sides of the temple between the larger subsidiary shrines and the entrances are occupied by ranges of cells for images, each with a pyramidal roof of its own but without any partitioning walls.1
There is a temple of this type also at Kumbalgarh. It faces the east and consists of a sabhāmandapa and a shrine. The former is accessible on three sides from east, north and south. The latter has four doors, and in the centre of the interior are the remains of a pedestal with four pillars at the corners obviously a canopy over it. There is no doubt that it was a Chaturmukha temple though the image placed on the pedestal cannot be traced. The Sțingāra Chavadi temple at Chitor is a Jaina shrine. It is said to have been built by the Jaina treasurer of Rānā Kumbha. Originally, it had four porches and the entrances like all Chatur mukha temples. Two of these on the east and south were removed, and the entrances built up with the coarse Jālī work 3
There is a great Chaturmukha temple of Ādinātha built in the middle of the fifteenth century A.D. at Abu. It is three storeyed in height with open domed porticos on four sides,. It has seventy six pillars.4 One such temple was also built in the city of Sirohi during the victorious reign of Mahārājādhirāja Rāja Simha, son of Süratasimha in, 1577 A.D.5
At Kumalgarh, there is a temple known as Golerā temple. It is so called because it is surrounded by a round walled enclosure facing east. It was not Chanmukha but a Samavasarana temple. This is clearly seen from the different classes of gods and goddesses sculptured at the corners of the walls near the top of the interior.
The Jaina tower known as Kārtistambha situated on the hills of Chitor is one of the most remarkable buildings. It is about 80 feet in height and is composed of eight storeys. It has a pavilion on the top which probably enshrined a Charmukha image in it. It was built by Punasimha of the Bagheravāla caste during the reign of Rāṇā Kumbhakarana and is full of decorations.
1 ASI., An Report, 1907–8, pp 205-213. 2. PRAS, Wo., 1908-09, p 40 3 Ibid,, 1903-04, p. 42. 4 A History of Indian and Eastern Architecture 5. PRAS , WC, 1905-06, p 47
6 lbid., 1908-09, p. 40.