________________ I The Jain cosmology || THE SIX FUNDAMENTAL SUBSTANCES OF THE UNIVERSE (Dravya) UNCREATED, SELF-EXISTENT, BEGINNINGLESS, ENDLESS, ETERNAL AND INFINITE SOUL (Jiva) MATTER (Pudgala) Opposite to matter. Cannot be perceived by the senses. Manifests as Consciousness (Perception and Knowledge). Infinite in number. There are Liberated (pure) and embodied souls. Embodied souls undergo continual birth and death. Made of atoms (para manus), are endless and subject to continuous composition and decomposition. Characterized by shape, touch, taste, smell, colour, sound and heat. MOTION (Dharma)* 14 STOP (Adharma)* SPACE (Akasha) TIME (Kala) Dharma forms the condition of motion for soul and matter. It exists, pervading the whole Cosmos. It is formless, inactive, eternal and is the object of knowledge of only the Omniscient. Ad harma forms the condition of rest for soul and matter. It exists, pervading the whole Cosmos. It is formless, inactive, eternal and is the object of knowledge of only the Omniscient. Space contains and accommodates all souls, matter and the other substances. Time has an atom- 11 ke constitution. Time is connected by its eternity and singularity with the other substances, but is separated from them as it is non-spatial. It helps the other substances to undergo changes and transformations. * The word Dharma has a two-fold meaning: in the fundamental substances above, the Jaina philosophers describe Dharma as a kind of ether which assists motion or rest. Dharma can also mean "religion", "teaching", 'spiritual work" or " Universal Law". ( 2 ) Graphics and Design by Bernl. Kramski Jainism by Mike Proudfoot and Irena Upenieks Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1993
