Jainism

Author(s): Annie Besant
Publisher: Theosophical Publishing House

Page 30

JAINISM
15
But the Dravya is to be thought of as always connected with Guna, quality. With Dravya is not only Guna, quality, but Paryāya, modification.
'Substance is the substrate of qualities; the qualities are inherent in one substance; but the characteristic of developments is that they inhere in either.
“Dharma, Adharma, space, time, matter and souls (are the six kinds of substances), they make up this world, as has been taught by the Jinas who possess the best knowledge.''
Here you have the basis of all Samsara; the Knower and the Knowable, Jiva and Dravya with its qualities and its modifications. This makes up all. Out of these principles came many deductions, I may give you, perhaps, one, taken from a Gatha of Kundāchārya, which will show you a line of thought not unfamiliar to the Hindu. Of everything, they say, you can declare that it is, that it is not, that it is and is not. I take their own example, the familiar jar. If you think of the jar as Paryāya, modification, then
Uttaradhyayana, xxviii, 6, 7. Translated from the Prakrit, by Hermann Jacobi.