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Paryāya, in the first place, the infinite attributes are ever simultaneously present, but the modifications do not appear simultaneously, but only in succession. Secondly, qualities render the judgement of sameness possible, while the judgement 'This is not the same' is accountable only by making allusion to modifications. Thirdly, Guņas as such are to be interpreted as immutable in contrast to Paryāyas which are regarded as mutable. In other words, attributes of a substance are credited with the nature of perpetuation, while the originative and decaying designations are accorded to Paryāyas.
Classification of Substance : Plurality, Duality and Unity
Jainism resolves the whole of the universe of being into two everlasting, uncreated, coexisting, but independent categories of Jiva and Ajīva. The Ajīva is further classified into Pudgala matter, Dharma principle of motion , Adharma principle of rest, Ākāśa space and Kāla time. Hence reality is dualistic as well as pluralistic. But, according to the Jaina, plurality, considered from the point of view of one existence, entails unity also. According to Kundakunda, in spite of the unique characteristics possessed by the different substances, existence has been regarded as an all-comprising characteristic of reality which ends all distinctions." The Kārttikeyānuprekşā recognises that all substances are one from the standpoint of substance, while they are distinct and separate from their characteristic differences. 12 Samantabhadra also endorses this view by affirming that in view of the conception of one universal existence all are one, but from the point of view of substances distinctions arise. 13
Padmaprabha Maladhārīdeva pronounces that Mahāsattā pervades all the things in their entirety, but it is always associated with Avāntarasattā which pervades only the particular objects. 14 In a similar vein, Amstcandra speaks of the two types of Sattā, namely, Svarūpasattā and Sādraśyasattā. The latter is the same as Sāmānyasattā. In his Saptabhangitarangiņi Vimaladāsa discusses the problem of unity and plurality of existence in detail,
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Jaina Mysticism and other essays
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