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HOUSEHOLDER'S DHARMA IN JAINISM 113 primary lessons which enable one to observe the Mahaoratas of a Jaina ascetic, as we have already noted above. They describe the Gunaoratas, as distinct from those, given by Kundakunda and the only difference between them is that the former has counted a new vow by name Desaorata, instead of Bhogopabhogaparimanaurata; which they have carried over to the Siksavrulas. And Sallekhana is counted as a separate vow by them. But the Sasana of Sri Samanlabhadra in this concern. is quite different from those of Sri Kundakunda and U masoati and others. He is one with Kundakunda in counting the Gunaoratas but he differs from him in Siksaoratas for he does not count Sallekhana as a Siksaorata. Instead of that he enjoins the other vow called Desavakasika, which Umasvati has counted in the Gungoratas. And giving the place of Alithisamoibhaga to Vayiyaoratya, Samantabhadra has also, increased the scope of this vow. The Agama Sutras of the Soelambara sect, do also, differ from Umasvati and along with their latter acaryas they describe these vows almost in the way of Sri Samantabhadra ; though in their Uoasagadasao no division of them in the shape of Guna and Siksa vows is found. They are together stated there as Siksauratas and not even the Siladratas. The attempt of the Sveta mbara commentators of Sri Umasvati to reconcile his Sasana with the Agama Sutras has not been successful. Besides these abovementioned acaryas, there are also, some other authors, who, too, differ from the above numeration and count these vows in their own fashion. This all is due to the changes of time and capacities of followers, as we have already pointed above. For our purpose, we follow Sri Kundakunda in describing them, as we have already done so far.
The first of these vows consists in fixing a certain time, thrice a day, morning, noon and evening of only once, and spending that time in devotion, recitation of scriptures and in meditation of the nature of Holy Ones, or one's own soul, in a sitting or standing posture in a lonely place. This practice enables one to acquire equanimity by renouncing attachment and hatred to worldly things only for that time. On Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat
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