Jain System in Nutshell

Author(s): N L Jain
Publisher: Nij Gyan Sagar Shiksha Kosh Santa MP

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(iiib) Where-ever there is no smoke, there is no fire as in lake ('') (iv) Because there is smoke on the mountain (Application, analysis) (v) Therefore there is fire on the mountain( Conclusion, inference)
The is an old example which could be proved inconclusive today because of smokeless gas or electric fires. Many old examples may face the same fate today. However, concommittance between smoke and fire was observed in those days. This syllogism represents the scientific processes of observation, analysis and inference which are applicable to concomittant systems. The ancient knowledge was obtained by the Jaina seers through this type of scientific-logical conclusion method. This could and should be valid under the limitation of those days. Thus, its validity should also have a historical perspective. (iv) Conceptual and physical phenomena
There are two types of phenomena associated with physical world. Some are observable ones like six reals, sense-based classification of the living ones, working of senses, production and propagation of sounds and variety of mattergy etc, There are others which may be called conceptual, intiuitive and intellectually speculative. It is found that the Jainas have shown super-scientificity in contemporary conceptual field. However, they may not prove similarly in case of observable phenomena. Still it is creditable that they have tried to explain them under non-instrumental limitatiens. (a) Atomic Theory and Fundamental Particles
Under the conceptual phenomena, they have postulated one of the finest contemporary atomic theories of the world. They seem to be sufficiently advanced in properties of atoms involving their electrical nature, dynamic properties, conservation law and their combination rules nearly equivalent to current valenoy theory. Many scholars seem to maintain the conceptual indivisiblity of Jaina atomic theory and have gone to equate it even with quark 6. But the commom energetic requirements for normal combinations suggest these atoms to be contemporary atoms accepted by all philosophies. Scientific theories/ postulates are always subject to modifications under new techics and intellectual leap as is also the case with many religious concepts
Looking to the difficulties in atomic indivisiblity concept, the Jainas have classified atoms as real and practical, fine and phenomenal, or cause and effect atoms. The practical atoms may be divisible while the real ones may not be so. Per chance, the canonical atomic properties may refer to practical atoms. Moreover, it seems that the karmic particles or aggregates of Jaina karma theory represent the fine particles larger than real atoms and formed from their aggregations called karmons by