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GLOSSARY
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Jay-followers male as well as female In the present timecycle, as conceived by the Jaisas, there have in all been 24 tirthankaras headed by Adinatha Risabha The last three, Aristanemi, a contemporary of Krisna of the line of Yadu, Parsva, a prince from Kası, and Mahayıra, the senior contemporary of Gautama Buddha, are historical persons.
Upadhyayam-Spiritual preceptor who teaches holy texts.
Vaikriya (sarıra)--Fluid (body) Other four body forms are (1) audarika (gross), (2) aharaka (assimilative) (3) taijasa (caloric) and (4) karman (made of karma particles)
Vidyadhara- A species of human beings They were so called because they were in possession of certain vidyas e.g , flying through the sky, which were bestowed on them by the first tirthankara Rısabha
Vratas-Vows. Five Great Vows (mahavratas) are (1) Ahimsa (to kill not) (2) Amrisa (to tell not a lie) (3) Achaurya (to steal not) (4) Amaithuna (to indulge not in sex behaviour) (5) Aparigraha (to have no attachment possession)
These are to be followed in their most rigorous form, and without lapse, by the monks and nuas The same five, when prescribed for members of the lay order male as well as female become somewhat lenient, when they are called Lesser Vows (anuyratas) and then they take the following names :
(1) Pranatipata viramana (to desist from killing) (2) Mirsayada viramana (to desist from telling a lie) (3) Adattadana yiramana (to accept not when not right
ly bestowed) (4) Marthuna viramana (to desist from sex behaviour) (5) Parigrala parinana (to fix the size of acquisition).
To illustrate, a householder is permitted to cook food even though this may mean some slaughter of minute animals. A householder is permited to indulge in sex behaviour with bis wife, but not with any other woman And so on This
