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JAIN JOURNAL: VOL-XLII, NO.3 JANUARY 2008
From anger arises infatuation, from infatuation (arises) confusion of memory; from loss of memory (comes] loss of reason, and from loss of reason one goes to destruction.”
The Jains consider that from parigraha (possession), greed (lobha) is generated, and from greediness destruction comes, and so aparigraha vrata is to be followed not only by the sādhus and sādhvis, but also by laymen and women.
At a much later stage, Siddhasena Gaņi (9th cent. A.D.), Somadeva (959 A.D.), Amstacandra (11th cent. A.D.) and Asādhara (1240 A.D.) described aparigraha vrata vividly. According to them, parigraha is of two kinds : internal (ābhyantara) and external (bāhya). The internal parigrahas are false-belief (mithyātva), anger (krodha), pride (māna), deceit (māyā), greed (lobha), sense of the absurd (hāsya), pleasure (rati), displeasure (arati), fear (bhaya), sorrow (śoka), disgust (jugupsā), male sex urge (puṁveda), female sex urge (striveda) and androgyne sex urge (napuṁsaka-veda) (cf. Williams, ibid, p 93). The ten external parigrahas are-- land (kşetra), houses (vāstu), silver (hiranya), gold (suvarņa), wealth (dhana), grain (dhānya), servants (dāsa / dāsī), livestock ( catuṣpada), cloth (kupya) and bed (sayyāsana). (cf. ibid, p. 93).
It is seen in the society that possession of property, both material and non-material, movable and immovable, makes a man greedy and any kind of possession is detrimental to the personality of a man. Property has not only made the people greedy, they become obsessed for their own aggrandisement. So Mahāvīra advises people not to hoard up lots of property for the benefit of the society.
IV The three qualities :
For the path of liberation, i.e., to release oneself from the "cycle of transmigration" the Jains believe that the ratna traya, or otherwise known as guņa-traya, popularty also known as tri-ratna, is to be carefully observed. The guņa-traya is a technical term which includes the three qualities like samyag drșți (right vision), samyag jñāna (right knowledge) and samyak caritra (right conduct). The acquisation of
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