Jain Journal 2007 10

Author(s): Jain Bhawan Publication
Publisher: Jain Bhawan Publication

Page 31

JAIN JOURNAL : VOL-XLII, NO.2 OCTOBER 2007
3.1 Types of organ of knowledge.
There are many types and sub-types of valid knowledge as depicted in the chart below:
Pramāņa (Valid knowledge)
Direct (pranuksa)
Indirect (pratyakşa)
Empirical intuition (Samvvavahārika)
Transcendental (pāramārthika)
Memory (smrti) Recognition (pratvubhijnana) Logic (Tarka) Inference (Anumüna) Scriptures (āgama)
Mind based knowedge (Matijnana)
Incomplete (vikala)
Complete (sakala)
Outlinear grasp (Avagraha) Clairvoyance Telepathy Discrimination (iha) (Avadhi)
(Maralyxu Judgment (avavava) Retention(dhāraņā)
Omniscience (Kevala)
.2 Direct organ of knowledge and its sub-types.
Lucid (crisp and clear / visada) knowledge is defined as pratyakşa pramāņa. In other words. pratyakṣa pramāna does not need the help of other types of knowledge and by itself knows the object of knowledge in a lucid manner.
Empirical intuition (Sāmvyavahārika pratyakșa pramāņa) occurs through the medium of sense, organs and hence is not lucid and should be classified as indirect organ of knowledge. Yet due to tradition and common practice, it is also termed as direct by tradition or empirical intuition.
Transcendental direct (pāramārthika pratyakṣa pramāņa.) is independent of sense organs or any other medium and is understood