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JAIN JOURNAL: Vol-XXXVI, No. 3 January, 2002 found in the works of later authors such as Jinabhadra Gani (sixth/ seventh century CE), Kamalasila (eighth century CE), Silanka (ninth century CE) and Mathara (date unknown). They all have puruso instead of loko'yam which is found in the works of Haribhadra, Maladhāri Hemacandrasūri (twelfth century), Rājasekharasūri (fourteenth century) and the anonymous author of LSDSam. 10 (For a table of the variants, see Appendix B).
There can be no doubt that the verse as found in the earliest sources contains the correct reading. The difference between the readings adopted by Haribhadra and some other Jain writers on the one hand and all others lies mostly in the choice between puruso and loko'yam paśya and abahuśrutah being of little consequence. Since puruso appears to be the right reading, we intend to proceed on its basis.
Yet the other reading, viz. loko'yam is not altogether inappropriate. If purusa leads to the doctrine of dehātmavāda (the doctrine that there can be no soul without a body as its substratum), loka (which G. cxplains as 'this perceptible world, the human world') 10a leads to another seminal doctrine of the Cärvāka-s, viz. paralokavilopavāda (doctrine of the denial of the other world) as well as pratyakşaprādhanyavāda, the view that perception is the principal means of true knowledge; no inference or verbal testimony unless preceded by perception is to be considered valid. Thus no credence is to be given to the existence of paraloka since there can be no paralokin (i.e. in the absence of any disembodied self, there cannot be any abode for it). 10b
Now we shall see whether the parable as narrated by S. and G. (based on the reading found in Haribhadra) tallies with the original reading of the verse.
10. Comno
9. VBh/SVr. Part 1, p. 186 (first line only), Part 2. p. 344 (full verse) and
Part 2, p. 439 (first line only). On the first and third occasions there is etāvān esa instead of etāvān eva; TS(P) on 7. v. 1871, p. 637; SKSVr (on SKS, 1.1.6, p. 10.6 and also on 2.3.10, p. 49.18) and MVr (on SK, v. 17), p. 129 (my copy has yāvad instead of yāvän). Commentary on GV, 1.5(1553) p. 10; LŞDSam, p. 256; LTN, v. 33, f. 24b;
SDSam (H), v. 81; SDSam (R), v. 160, p. 81. 10a. ayam pratyakso loko manusyalokah. Unfortunately this sentence is
missing in the translation in C/L. p. 268. 10b. paralokino'bhāvāt paralokābhāvah is a well-known Çārvāka aphorism
found in a number of sources. See D.R. Shastri, p. 200 (No. 17) and Namai, p. 39 (A II). Besides Abhayadeva, Kamalasila and Jayarāśi mentioned by them, Jayantabhatta, Prabhacandra, Vadidevasūri and Somadevasūri, too, have quoted this aphorism.
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