________________
66
important. Opposition to ritualism and form, importance of the Guru, inner purity, attainment of sunyata as the highest goal-these are the favourite subjects of the Doha-kosas, treated in a direct and penetrating diction of colloquial force. As rare works of Buddhist Apabhramsa literature and more as the root-sources of the spirit, language and mode of expression so familiar to us from the literature of mediaeval saints, these mystical works are invaluable.
Of the minor religious diadactic works we may mention a few. The Savaya-dhamma-dohā (Sk. Srāvaka-dharma-dohā) alias Navakāra-śrāvakācāra of Laksmidhara (before 16th century A.D.), which occupies itself with explaining in a popular way the religious duties of a Jaina householder; the Samjamamañjari of Mahesavara (possibly 13th century A.D.), small poem in 35 dohä verses on self-restraint; the Carcari and Kala-svarupa-kulaka of Jinadatta Suri (1076-1152 A.D.); and various devotional hymns like the Satyapuramaṇḍana-Mahāvīṛotsäha of Dhanapala (11th century A.D.), the Jayatihuyana of Abhayadeva (11th century A.D.) etc.
Miscellaneous Works and Later Tendencies
JAIN JOURNAL
Besides independent works, small and large sections in Apabhramasa occur in numerous Jaina Prakrit and Sanskrit works and commentarial literature. Their number is far from negligible. To cite only a few such works :
Svayambhucchanda of Svayambhu (before 10th cent. A.D.) Sarasvatikaṇṭhābharaṇa of Bhoja (11th cent. A.D.) Rşabhacarita of Vardhamana (1109 A.D.) Santināthacarita of Devacandra (1109 A.D.) Siddhahem of Hemacandra (12th cent. A.D.) Kumārpālcarita of Hemacandra (12th cent. A.D.) Chandonusāsana of Hemacandra (12th cent. A.D.) Upadeśamālā-daughaṭṭivrtti of Ratnaprabha (1182 A.D.) Kumārapālapratibodha of Somaprabha (1185 A.D.) Sanjamamañjari vṛtti of Hemahansa-sisya (before 15th cent. A.D.)
The Sandhi
In the thirteenth century a new form/type for short poems is developed. These sandhi poems (to be clearly distinguished from the sandhibandha treated earlier) have some religious-didactic or narrative topic
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
