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JANUARY, 1986
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based on values of Lishk et el are most discordant. Table 6 will confuse one to decide the truth or accuracy of the fact. It is worth
Table 6. Some Calculations Based on Various Values of UA
8.00
M. Mahendra G. Jain M. Candan Lishk Values of UA, cm.
1.70 1.90 1.07 0.001 UY (a) km. 13.28 15.09 8.30
0.085 (b) miles
100/11
5.00
0.051 PY (500 UA), km.
6640 7545 4150 42.33 miles
4000 4545 2500 25.55 PY (1000 UA), km. 13280 15090
8300
84.66 miles 8000 9090 5000
51.00 Size of Atom, cm. 1.75x10-8 1.94 x 10-8 1.09 x 10-8 1.00x10-10 Lord's body height, cm. 285.6 319.2 178
0.168 Velocity of Light, UY
(a) cm./sec. 2.34 x 1010 3.10 x 1010 1.46 x 1010 1.49 x 108
(b) miles/sec. 1,40,930 1,87,300 8,80,80 898.5 Distance of moon, PY (880 PY), lac miles
35.20 39.95 22.00 0.398 Distance of Sun, PY
coc (800 PY), lac miles
32.00 36.36
20.00 20.00
0.204 UY—utsedha yojana, PY-pramāna yojana
consideration which of these values may be taken as applicable in all cases. Lord Mahavira must have given one value for it. How and when this variety and values of angula started is a problem for further research. One of the reasons for this might be the personal or literary communication gap between the scholars of different periods. This gap has vanished in this century and it is the best time for uniformity in units and their values.
When areas or volumes are to be expressed, the 2-d or 3-d units are used. The 2-d and 3-d angula units are known as pratarangula and Ghanangula respectively. Their values are equal to the square and cube of the angula unit. They are shown in Table 7.
Larger Units of Length
The utsedha angula based yojana Y is the unit of length of practical and average value. It seems quite small for larger distances. Jaina Acaryas have, therefore, coined some larger length units like time. These are known as pramāna units. The pramāna angula based yojana, PY
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