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APRIL, 1967
First, no source is known where such a statement will be found; further, the above cited passages from Buddhist works and the place of Pava in the list make it clear that Pava could only be the Malla Pava 53. Only later sources give the information of Mahavira's death in consequence of the discourse with Upali 54. But it seems to me, here is a problem we hear that Gosala Mankhaliputta died sixteen years before Mahavira 55 in consequence of an attack against the latter; the whole story of Upali seems to be a doublet of the Gosala episode, inasmuch as the old texts know nothing about that 56. The invention of a second Pava is due to the rencontre between Upali and Mahavira, because the first visited Buddha, while staying at Nalanda; and if in the Amavatara Sp. Hardy's Manual of Buddhisim, p. 271 it stands: "In consequence of these things, the tirttaka declared that his rice-bowl was broken, his subsistence gone; and he went to the city of Pava and there died", it is like a doublet of Gosala's end. But to conclude from this passage that Pava was near Nalanda or Rajagrha is, considering the other indications, quite inadmissible57. Finally, according to some passages in Jaina works there shall exist a Pava in the Bhamgi country or Gambhi territory 58; from other sources nothing is known about such a town.
If Pava has been a town in the Malla territory, then Hastipala was a Malla knight, a rājā in the sense of Suddhodhana, Siddhartha.
197
The foregoing remarks have shown how abundant the material is, met with in Jaina works as well as in Buddhist literature and how the combination of both is able to elucidate not only some problem of geography, but also problems of general interest.
53 J. Charpentier, IA, t. XLIII (1914), p. 228, cf. p. 177. The attribute majjhima (Kalpa Sutra II, 122, 123, 147) does not involve the existence of three Pavas nor does it mean a Pava in the Madhyadesa; the meaning is that Mahavira died in the heart of the city in the king's palace, the rajjusabha, while on other occasions he, like Buddha, stayed out of the city in caityas..
54 J. Charpentier, 1. c., p. 128.
55
Uvasagadasao, 1. c., App. p. 6 (from the Bhagavati, p. 1250 a).
56 J. Charpentier, 1.c., p. 128.
57
Pava has been placed by H. T. Colebrooke, Miscellaneous Essays (ed. by E. D. Cowell, London 1873) II, p. 193, n. 2. near Rajagriha in Bihar. Cf. Fr. Koeppen, Die Religion des Buddha, Berlin 1906, I, p. 114 f., n. 3.
58 In Nemicandra's Pravacanas. (Weber, Verzeichnis No. 1939, p. 854 f) Pava is located in the Bhamgi country; cf. A. Weber, Indian Studies XVI, d. 398 and n. 3; Verreichnis II, 2, No. 1837, p. 562.
Reprinted from Otto Stein, the Jinist Studies, Ahmedabad, 1948, pp. 49-68. Courtesy Jaina Sahitya Samsodhak Pratisthan, Ahmedabad,
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