Jain Journal 1966 10

Author(s): Jain Bhawan Publication
Publisher: Jain Bhawan Publication

Page 38

78
4. Pāpa (vice).
5. Asrava (influx, infection or transmutation of pudgala-particles into the soul.
6. Bandha (bondage).
7.
Sambara (stoppage of influx).
8. Nirjară (dissipation).
9. Mokşa (freedom of the soul).
JAIN JOURNAL
JAINA VIEW OF KNOWLEDGE-Knowledge is knowledge of these categories. When this knowledge is imparted by a teacher, one gets Right Vision and Right Vision is the basis of Right Knowledge without which Right Conduct is impossible. The Jainas distinguish between five types of knowledge, mati, (based on senses), śruti (based on verbal testimony of the omniscient), abadhi (insight into the past), manaparyaya (insight into others' thoughts) and kevala (knowledge absolute). A kevalin is the ideal of all aspirations, the fountain-head of truth and wisdom, in short, God. The last one is not only a form of knowledge but its very source.
JAINA FORMAL LOGIC-Of the source of knowledge, the Carvāka school admits only one, viz., experience or sensual perception (pratyakṣa) but other schools have added inference (anumāna by the Buddhists and the Vaiseşikas), testimony (sabda by Sankhya school), analogy (upama by the Nyāya school), implication (arthapatti by the Prabhakara school), non-existence (abhava by the Mimansakas) and tradition and probability (aitihya and sambhābana by the Paurāṇikas. The Jainas, however, admit only two sources, viz., direct or immediate perception and indirect or mediate perception, and they further point out that even the direct knowledge is for all practical purposes indirect because of the existence of five intermediatory stages from sense to thought. This brings the Jaina theory of knowledge into headlong clash with the views of the Carvāka school according to which experience or sense perception alone is the source of knowledge. On deeper analysis, however, the Carvāka view does not stand. The Jaina view of indirect or mediate knowledge includes inference, testimony, etc. Such is Jaina logic or the Logic of Consistency.