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of our large habitats one has to study the local traditions, the available literature and the archaeological remains, that are obtained. at the identified site. Aims and Methods :
In this broad sphere of urban studies, this paper tries to analyse the data available in the Angas, so that it could throw light on the towns and cities noted in them. The search was conducted to understand the nature of towns, their townscape, fortifications, road-system, planning, water-system, traffic etc. that might be available.
Methods :
For achieving this aim, the primary method was the examination of the reference to the towns and cities in the Angas, Pandit Shri Dalsukh Malvania, Shri Rupendrakumar Pagariya helped the author in this difficult task. Dr. Ramniklal M. Shah and Dr. Nagin J. Shah gave the benefit of certain discussions. The other staff of the L. D. Institute of Indology also gave much assistance. Without this cooperation, this basic work would not have been completed as the authors' knowledge of the language of the Angas is very poor.
The reading pointed out that the references to the towns had four characteristics :(i) Most of the references merely mentioned the names of the
towns. (ii) Some of them gave sparing references to the plans. (iii) Many mentioned the town and indicated by term Vannao,
that their description should be followed as per Jain tradition-from the one in Aupapātika Sūtra 1, that is from
an Upānga. (iv) Some times after giving a few phrases, the term Vannao
was used. The third and fourth characteristics indicated that a perusal of the Aupapātika Sūtra 1 was essential. Its first sūtra described Champā. Similarly the Rayapaseniya Sütra 1 also had described the
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