Illustrated Namokara Mahamantra

Author(s): Shreechand Surana, Surendra Bothra
Publisher: Diwakar Prakashan

Page 60

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(5) Observer of the five great vows viz. Ahimsā, truth, non-stealing, celibacy and non
possession. (5) Capable of observing and propagating the observation of the five conducts viz., Knowledge,
faith, conduct, penance and potency. (5) Observer of five rules of conscientiousness viz., that of movement, speech, take-put,
exploration and disposition. (3) Observer of the three restraints viz. mind, speech and body.
The ācārya himself observes and guides others to observe these thirty six disciplines that are the basis of the code of conduct. Besides these there is another set of thirty six attributes like good lineage, etc. The Twenty Five Attributes of the Upādhyāya :
There are two interpretations of the 25 attributes of the Upadhyāya.
(A) Who has the knowledge of, and is capable of imparting to his students the knowledge of the (11) canonical texts (Angaśruta) like Acāranga and the (12-23) twelve sub-canonical texts (Upanga-śruta) like Aupapātika. Who are also the observers of the (24) regular code of action and the (25) irregular code of action.
The irregular code of action (Karaņa-sattari) includes the actions that are done when needed, The list of the seventy such actions is (4) discipline of alms (pindaviśuddhi), (5) conscientiousness (samiti), (12) feelings or attitudes (bhāvanā), (12) monk disciplines (bhiksupratimā), (5) discipline of senses (indriyanirodha), (25) inspection and introspection (pratilekhana), (3) restraints (gupti) and (4) inner resolves (Abhigraha).
The regular code of action includes the actions that are to be performed everyday. These are also seventy. (5) great vows (mahāvratas), (10) righteousness of monk (śramana dharma), (17) discipline (samyama), (10) services to the monk organisation (vaiyávrtya), (9) restraints of the vow of celibacy (brahmacarya-gupti), (3) the three gems-knowledge, faith and conduct (Jñana, darśana, caritra), (12) penances (tapa), and (4) removal of the passions (kaşaya-nigraha)
-based on Ogha Niryukti Bhāsya (B) According to the second interpretation the 25 attributes are as follows:
Bārasanga viu buddhā karana-carana juo, Pabhāvanā joga-niggaho, uvajjhāya gunaṁ vande.
बारसंग विऊ बुद्धा करण-चरणजुओ।
पभावणा जोग-निग्गहो, उवज्झाय गुणं वन्दे । The upādhyāyas are those who have these 25 attributes : experts of the 12 canons, propagators of religious order by eight methods, including the regular and irregular codes of action, removers of the attachments of mind, speech and body. The 27 Attributes of the Sadhu (monk):
The 27 attributes of the sādhu have been detailed in the Samavāyānga sūtra as also in the following popular verse :
Panca mahavvaya jutto, taha pancindiya saṁvarano,
Cauvviha kasāya mukko, tao samadharania
Tisacca sampanna, tio khanti samvegarao, Veyana maccu bhaya gayam, sāhu guna sattāvisa.
-Āvaśyaka Sūtra (Samavāyānga 27) पंच महब्बय जुत्तो, तह पंचिंदिय संवरणो । चउब्बिह कसाय मुक्को, तओ समाधारणीया ॥ तिसच्च सम्पन्न, तिओ खंति संवेगरओ। वेयण मच्चुभय गर्य, साहु गुण सत्तावीस ॥
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ILLUSTRATED NAMOKĀRA MAHĀMANTRA: APPENDICES
Jain Education Intemational