Candragomins Syntactic Rules Some Misconceptions

Author(s): Mahadev Deshpande
Publisher: Mahadev Deshpande

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CANDRAGOMIN'S SYNTACTIC RULES
143
that a verbal inflection may express agent, object or action (ref : P. 3.4.02 who is to decide whether the grammar should produce ramo gacchari o ramena gamyate? The fact is that in Pāṇini's grammar certain cperatives are involuntary and do not require any input from the "user", while there at a great deal of operations which tacitly require the voluntary decision are choice by the "user". For instance, one can either say agnir voksn “Fire burns the tree" or aham agnind vrksam daha mi “I burn the tree with fire". In the first sentence, agni “Fire" is the agent, while in the second sertence it is the instrument. There is nothing in Pāņini's grammar, like the devise or "raising" in modern generative grammar, which would provide us ery systematic linking of these two sentences. The only explanation is rirak “speaker's desire". Patanjali uses the notion of vivaksd in this sense, Candragomin's usage is in large measure derived from that of Patanja u Thus the well-known grammatical maxim vivaksātaḥ karakani bhararti "the karakas are dependent on the speaker's desire" is not meant to replace tre automatic operations in Panini's grammar, but to indicate the source of input for the voluntary operations. The use of vivaksa “speaker's desire" in Cando gomin's grammar is not different from its use in Panini's grammar in isciple. but only in details. It is not a stylistic concept, but a grammatical corcept referring to necessary voluntary input without which the involuntat operations of a grammar cannot function. A great deal of this rivakse, thongs not all of it, can be formalized in terms of pragmatic constraints and dis course structure and strategies, but the Sanskrit grammarians relezzied susta considerations to the concept of vivakşd. In doing this, Panini and Canzgomin do not differ substantially from each other.
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