Brief Survey of Phonetics and Grammar as Found)in the Bhagawati Sutra

Author(s): J C Sikdar
Publisher: Z_Mahavir_Jain_Vidyalay_Suvarna_Mahotsav_Granth_Part_1_012002.pdf and Mahavir_Jain_Vidyalay_Suvarna_

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PHONETICS & GRAMMAR AS FOUND IN THE BHAGAVATI SUTRA : 241 Optative : Hojja (1-5-44), avakkamejja, etc. Causative : Causative is formed by adding suffix ave to the root of the verb. e. g., aghavei (8-3-22) (indicative); parivaveha (8-7-337), karaveha (11-1--428) (imperative). Some roots change their final vowels to e and lengthen their initial a, e.g., padeti (16-5-572). Passive voice : It is formed by adding ijje to the root of the verb, e.g., avacijjai (1-10-80). Besides, there are some other forms, e.g., disai (9-33-396), muccai (9-33-386), cijjahti (1-1-12), chijjahti (6-3-233). Participles : Two kinds of participles are used, viz., present and past, the first is formed by adding mane or anta to the root and the second by adding the suffix iya, e.g., (I) dharemane (1-3-28), vemane (1-4-39), jalamta (11-9-417); (II) mae (1-4-40), jae (12-7-457), kade (1-3-27). There are also potential participles formed by adding yavva or iyavva, e.g., neyavvam (1-10-81), vattavvaya (14-8-530), etc. Gerunds or absolutes : They are used in different forms by adding itta or ittanam to the root and by adding tiu to it and also iya or aya is found to form them, e.g., vamdeitta (1-1-19), pasittanam (11-11-428), kattu (2-1-92), nisamma (3-1-134), gahaya (15-1-547). Besides these, there occur some irregular absolutes, being imported from Sanskrit by phonetic changes, e.g., kicca (1-1-19), socca (3-1-134), ahacca (6-10-257), paducca (1-1-4). Infinitives : They are formed by adding the suffix um and ittae, e.g., kaui (2-1-92), citthittae (5-4-199), uvadamsittae (6-10-255). Abstract nouns : They are formed by adding the suffix tta, e.g., devattae. Comparative degree : It is constructed by adding tara, e.g., appatarae (1-2--21). In the superlative there is found 'seyam' (3-1-134). YO 3803 G.J.V. 16