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doctrine, stating in Purusharthasiddhyuapaya (shloka 44) that the non-appearance of attachment and aversion in the soul is ahimsa and their appearance is himsa. This is the essence of the Jain scriptures.
The vessel in which fire is lit, gets heated first. This is why, when we commit himsa, we hurt ourselves first.
Physical violence is physical' or substance violence. Where both mental and physical violence occur, that is the cause of more sin, more bondage. If primary, occupational, protective (resisting) violence crosses the Laxman Rekha (limit) of minimum and essential and enters the region of unnecessary, then it also joins hand with sin. One may argue that possession (parigrah) is possession only when we are attached to it. But possession does not allow us to avoid attachment / involvement (murcha), desire and lust. That is why Mahavir abandoned it totally. Then, if there is no ‘murcha', we may be saved from the sin of emotional violence, but for crossing the limit of minimum, we shall be carrying the sin of substance or physical violence.
When an entity is incapable of resistance and protest at the time it is made a target of violence, our heart is generally in lesser Kashayas (passions). So, there is less sin in such violence. On the contrary, an entity capable of resisting and protesting does not easily come under our sway. We have to be more aggressive. As a result, we fall under the clutches of Kashayas (passions) such as, anger (krodh) conceit (maan), deception (maya) and greed (lobh) and become a culprit of strong karmic bondage. Compared to plucking of flowers, fruits or destroying a tree, the killing of a person or an animal is a greater sin.
CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES Mahavir has classified the universal existence in six substances (reals) - Jiv, Pudgal, Dharma, Adharma, Akash and Kaal. Jiv is unlimited. Pudgal is infinite. Dharma, Adharma and Aakash are single substances each. Kaal (Time) substance is numerous. Jiv has a life. Other substances are lifeless.
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