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GLOSSARY OF TERMS : xvii
living - Jīva and the non-living manifest matter - Pudgala) and Adharmāstikāya (unmanifest matter that neutrally aids the position or the state of rest of the living - Jīva and the non-living manifest matter - Pudgala), and that accommodates and supports all other forms of matter is known as Loka or the universe. (The part of the infinite space beyond this fourteen Rāju expanse is called Alokā, kāśa or the non-universesal space). Whole universe has been divided into three parts or three worlds' - 1. The upper universe (Urdhvaloka), 2. The lower universe (Adholoka) and 3. The middle universe (Tiryak-loka or Madhyaloka). According to another division the universe is of four types? - 1. The material universe (Dravya-loka), 2. Spatial universe (Ksetra-loka), 3. Periodal universe
(Kāla-loka) and 4. Modal universe (Bhāvaloka). · Mada (Pride) – Pride of high caste, good family, power and pelf
etc as well as madness wrought by excessive happiness or charged emotions is called Mada. Mada is said to be of eight types - 1. Pride of caste (Jātimada), 2. Pride of family (Kulamada), 3. Pride of power (Balamada), 4. Pride of beauty (Rūpamada), 5. Pride of penance (Tapomada), 6. Pride of scriptural learning (Śrutamada), 7. Pride of gain (Lābhamada) and 8. Pride of wealth (Aiśvaryamada).
In the Digambara literature, too, eight causes of pride have been mentioned, but their names and the order in which they have been mentioned are different. They are
A. Srī Jaina Siddhānta Bol Safigraha, Pt. 1, p. 45–46. B. Jainendra Siddhānta Kośa, Pt. 3, p. 456. Vyākhyāprajñpti, 11/10/2. A. Sthānānga, 8/21. B. Samavāyānga, 8/44.
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