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## Translation:
**23**
If the answer is given briefly, it is that all living beings in the three worlds (Trilōkavartī) reside in fourteen Gunasthānas. And those who have escaped from the cycle of birth and death (Samsāra-Paribhramaṇa) are the Siddha beings who reside in the Siddhalaya. If the answer to the above question is given in detail, it is that they reside in fourteen Mārgṇā-sthānas. Each Mārgṇā, through its internal sub-divisions, provides a more detailed answer to the question, as explained in the introduction to the Mārgṇās like Gati, etc.
**Introduction**
At the beginning of the text, Ācārya Puṣpadanta, after the auspicious invocation (Mangalācaraṇa), has indicated that the fourteen Mārgṇās, starting with Gati, are to be known for the purpose of understanding the categories of living beings (Jīvasamāsas). And for their characterization, he has stated that the eight Anuyogadvāras, starting with Sat, are to be known, and has mentioned their names. This statement relates to all the states of living beings. After this, in the eighth sūtra, he has indicated the description through Oga and Ādeśa, and from the ninth sūtra to the twenty-third sūtra, he has mentioned the names of the fourteen Gunasthānas and has indicated the Siddhas. The meaning of this is that if the characterization of the existence of living beings is to be given briefly, it is that they reside in fourteen Gunasthānas, and besides them, there are also Siddha beings. After this, from the twenty-fourth sūtra to the one hundred and seventy-seventh sūtra, the existence of living beings has been described in detail through Ādeśa. We have already given a glimpse of this in the introduction to the Mārgṇās, and for detailed information, one should refer to the Sat-prūpaṇā Anuyogadvāra of the present text.
**2. Sankhyā-prūpaṇā or Dravya-pramāṇānugam**
The name of the second Anuyogadvāra is Sankhyā-prūpaṇā or Dravya-pramāṇānugam. This Anuyogadvāra explains the total number of living beings and the number of living beings in each Gunasthāna and Mārgṇā-sthāna. The number of living beings is explained in four ways: in terms of Dravya, Kṣetra, Kāla, and Bhāva. It is essential for those who study this Sankhyā-prūpaṇā to understand the nature of Dravya, Kṣetra, etc., otherwise, the subject matter described in this prūpaṇā will not be understood. Therefore, a brief description of them is given here.
**1. Dravya-pramāṇ:** The count or number of the fundamental substance (Dravya) is called Dravya-pramāṇ. It has three divisions: Sankhyāta, Asankhyāta, and Ananta. That which can be expressed by numbers like two, three, four, etc., is called Sankhyāta. That quantity which is so large that it cannot be expressed by numbers is called Asankhyāta. That quantity which is much larger than this and whose limit is endless is called Ananta. Of these, the Sankhyāta quantity is the object of our senses, we can count it by numerical calculation and can refer to it by specific names through words. Therefore, it is the object of Śruta-jñāna. But we can neither express the Asankhyāta quantity through words nor...