________________
Total number of desired objects S C = S/S e. and,
CaHaRa 1/Dk This formula is similar to earlier formula for happiness. Thus, if we reduce the number of desired objects, Si, we would be more content and happy. (g) Spiritual Mathematics - In order to effect better H or C, the Jaina saints have advised to follow many primary and secondary vows. During practicing these vows, the aspirant learns about the specific spiritual mathematics where the sum of qualities results in the multiple of the qualities in effect in individual, social and spiritual levels. This could be expressed in three formulae as below: (1) Non-vilolence,N, + Non-absolutism, N2 + Non-possessions, N3 = N,,N,N (ii) Sweating, S, + Self-sufficiency, Sa+Sameness, S3 = S1,S2,S3 (ii) Right Faith, F + Right Knowledge, K++ Right Conduct, C) = Right (F, K, C.). (g) The Theory of Karmas - Karmavāda is the important theory of Jainism. It is one of the most scientific, philosophical and psychological theory which is capable of (1) giving strength to bear the worldly strains, (i) reducing the number and intensity of pains and (iii) encouraging to work towards better future. It is an old form of the law of cause and effect, which has been verified by the psychologists in terms of relationship between stimulants, S and effects, R in medium ranges through a formula :
S = K in R which indicates that specific stimulants (physical, vocal or psychical emotions etc. or karmas) of internal or external nature have specific effects. Normally, karmas are said to be a form of fine but strong force, whose binding effects our actions and normal life. Of course, this is not a complete formula as there are many other factors effecting the results. However, research could be undertaken to improve and verify this formula on karma theory at least on the physical and chemical effects caused by different passions. (e) The Theory of Anekānta and Nayas (Aspects) - The theory of manifold predications (Anekanta) is also a very important contribution of the Jainas. It was developed on philosophical basis, but it could now be verified scientifically applying it to many physical phenomena. It states that an entity is multi- aspectal and a common man can study it only relatively with respect to some aspects, P. The absolute truth, T is, in fact, indescribale (because of language limitations and other factors). If the overall nature of an entity is A, the number of aspects is P, we have :
58
Arhat Vacana, 14(1), 2002
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org