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• Veda - Libido • Kasāyās - Passions • Jnāna - Knowledge • Darşana - Conation • Samyama - Self-restraint • Leśyā - Colouration • Bhavyātva - Liberatablity • Samyaktva - Righteousness • Sanjni - Instinctive • Āhāra - Intake
101 111 115 123 131 136 141 144
172 175 - 177
From this we note that eight out of the fourteen characteristics like destiny, senses, activity, embodiments, libido, instincts, intake and colourations deal with physically living beings; and the six relate to the psychology of human beings - passions, knowledge, conations, righteousness, liberatablity and restraint. Thus both the physical and the psychological content of the living beings may be seen. It is therefore forms a Jaina text which encompasses the study of biology and psychology, dating from the early Current Era. Hence, it is an important source book from India for the early history of these sciences. Also, it should be noted that part of its sections is equally important for the study of mathematics prevalent during the period.
Translation Technique It follows five steps: [i] English transliteration of Prākṣit aphorisms; [ii] Meaning of the aphorisms in English; [iii] English translation of the notes by Pandit K.C. Shastri; [iv] Additional notes wherever required, and [v] English terminology from Glossary of Jain Terms, Jain International, Ahmedabad-380014, India 1995.
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