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SAMBODHI grammatical-semantic notions. They subdivide further into the first and the last four chapters. The first four, dealing with four notions of major importance, are separately introduced by a verse at the beginning of the first of these (3.6.1). The verse suggests that these notions are not absolute and well-defined. The Samuddesas explain them usually as capacities, but in the latter half of the Kriya-samuddesa action is a universal. The last four chapters deal with four additional grammatical notions and the questions: how are they expressed in language, and how do they correspond to reality ?
REFERENCES AND ABREVIATIONS Aklujkar, A. N. A. (1990): “Brief Analysis and Summary of Trikāndi or Vākyapadīya, with Vņti
on books 1 and 2, by A. Aklujkar (with occasional adumbrations by K. H. Potter) in: Coward and Kunjunni Raja, Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophy, 5: the Grammarians, Delhi, 1990:
122-172. Bandini, Giovanni (1980): Die Ero..rterung der Wirkasmkeit. Bhartqaris Kriyā-samuddeša und
Helārājas Prakāșa. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag. (Beitra..ge zur Su..dasienfaorschung.
Sudasien-Institut Univesita..t Heidelberg, Band 61.) Bergdahl, Roland R. (1988): The Sādhanāsamuddesa (Kārikās 1-44) of Bhartrhari's
Vākyapadiya with the commentary of Helārāja. Dissertation University of Pennsylvania,
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132. Frauwallner, E. (1968): Materialien zur a..ltessten Erkenntnisslehre der Karmamimāmsā. Wien:
Hermann Bo..hlaus Nachf. (O..sterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Philosophischhistorische Klasse. Sitzungsberichte, 259. Band, 2. Abhandlung; Vero..ffentlichungen der
Komission fu..r Sprachen und Kulturen Su..d- und Ostasiens, Heft 6.) Houben, J. E. M. (1992): The Sambandhāsamuddeša and Bhartrhari's Philosophy of Language.
Thesis Utrecht University. Iyer, K. A. Subramania (ed.) (1963). Vākyapadiya of Bharthari with the commentary of
Helārāja. Kānda III, Part 1. Poona: Deccan College Postagraduate and Research Institute.
(Deccan College Monograph Series 21.) lyer, K. A. Subramania (1969). Bharthari, a study of the Vākyapadīya in the light of the ancient
commentaries. Poona: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute. (Deccan College
Building Centenary and Silver Jubilee Series 68.) Iyer, K. A. Subramania (ed.) (1973). Vākyapadiya of Bhartąhari. Kānda II. English translation
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