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43 It seems difficult to dissociate taņayam in Pañcāsakaprakarana 13.41 from the postpositional adjective tunaenam added to a word in the genitive case to give the sense “because of ". The first attested occurrences of this would appear to be the Avasyaka Cūrņi (seventh century) and Haribhadra's (eighth century) commentary on the Āvasyaka Niryukti. (7) The construction is more common in late Prākrit and Apabhraiņśa (8), eventually developing into an Old Gujarati postposition. (9) If the Pañcāśaka is indeed a sixth century text, as Williams claims, then this tanayam, used with a nonoblique case ending in conjunction with a genitive, may possibly be a very early example of this form. (10) Alternatively, it may be indicative of the somewhat later provenance of the text and represent a piece of evidence compelling a reconsideration of William's theory.
NOTES (1) These work notes were later expanded and published by Bhayani as “G. bāp, bāi, āpo, āsa and Related IA. Kinship Words”, Sāmipya April 1991- March 1992, pp. 39-41, a response to Paul Dundas, “Prākrit avvo”, Indologica Taurinensia 8-9, 1980-1, pp. 163-7. (2) Harivallabh C. Bhayani, “On Early Apabhramśa”, Berliner Indologische Studien 7 1993, pp. 1-7. (3) For Middle Prā krit, see Frank Van Den Bossche, A Reference Manual of Middle Prākrit Grammar. The Prākrits of the Dramas and the Jain Texts. (4) This is the conclusion of R. Williams, “Haribhadra”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 28 1965, pp. 101-11. Cf. the same author's Jaina Yoga: A Survey of the Medieval Śrāvakācāras, London: Oxford University Press 1963, p.6. Williams wishes to locate those works attributed to
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