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JAIN JOURNAL: VOL-XLIX, NO. 1-IV JULY 2014-JUNE 2015
happense, not the other one, For example, if the karmic load of a human being at the age-binding moment is so large that he is born as a three-sensed-sub-human being in the next life, not only the number of vital powers of the gross body of the living being reduces from ten to seven, the qualities of its soul also deteriorate. Though the soul of both the human being and the three-sensed-sub-human being is the same, the qualities of the soul of the former are more advanced than that of the latter. The rule of development will become meaningless if either the qualities of the soul of the latter are more advanced than that of the former or the qualities of their souls are same.
According to Jainism there are infinitely infinite (anantānant) numbers cf living beings in the universe, called nigodas28. which have the least developed life form. Nigodas are the organisms that are smaller than the mircroorganisms, they are in the universe since beginningless time29. Living beings in the increasing order of the developed life from are; nigoda beings; one-sensed, two-sensed, threesensed, four-sensed, and five-sensed-amanaska (without mind) beings; and five-sensed, samanaska (with mind) beings. The five-sensedsamanaska beings, which can be sub-human, human, infernal, and cetestial beings, have all ten vital powers. The mind of the samanaska sub-human beings is far less developed than that of the human beings; the life form of samanaska subhuman beings is, therefore, less developed than that of human beings. The ranking of the life forms of the infernal and celestial beings is explained later making use of the rule of development.
Several notations are used in the paper. Some notations shown in column I below are used for the maximun value of the karmic load at the age-bonding moment of a living being to take next birth in the birth-species mentioned in column 2.
Column 1
column 2
Max karmic load
Birth-species
KN
Nigoda
K1
One-sensed subhuman being