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mechanism of his survival ? The author had an opportunity to meet him two times.
VI.
GODEL'SINCOMPLETENESS THEOREMS
do any scientific experimentation on them. Hence biological and social systems cannot be subjected to the strict process of physical measurement and hence they are not exactly describable in the strict terminology of the physical, sciences. Therefore such systems are studied in a different way by using statistical procedures. In such methods only some rough trends or patterns are found.
The most attractive aspect of scientific knowledge is its mathematical basis. We generally feel that this mathematical representation of various scientific facts makes our knowledge more precise and accurate. However, from the following theorems which have been put forward by the great mathematician Kurtz Gödel, we find that any mathematical representation of any physical reality limits our knowledge of that reality. Not only has this but the theorem also implied that none of the languages or representation can express the reality of nature with perfection. Complete knowledge must necessarily have its foundation in an unexpressed, unmanifest field of intelligence. See []. These two theorems clearly show a need for a concept of consciousness which may provide a better description of reality.
Hence to handle all the above problems, General Systems Theory (GST)has been developed [2] . Different sets of rules are there to describe and understand such systems.As per this theory, all systems are characterized by transfer of information. Here knowledge and order (entropy) are more important than other attributes. Even energy comes next to them. Another most important issue in this analysis is that pure physical sciences are now categorized as hard systems and subjects like sociology, religion, psychology, biology etc are classified as soft systems. It is observed that even religion also falls in this domain as some type of system in which there is information and knowledge transfer going on continuously. Thus religion and science can be put together in this formalism. It is in this perspective that the problem of consciousness should be viewed from a General Systems Perspective. Because here also information and order are very important [3).
VII.
WAVE FUNCTION OF IGNORANCE: HOW THE PROCESS OF MEASUREMENT IN QUANTUM PHYSICS TAKES AWAY THE INFORMATION FROM US:
IX.
NEED TO LOOK AT THE PROBLEM OF QUANTUM CONSCIOUSNESS IN A GENERAL SYSTEM'S PERSPECTIVE:
With the developments of quantum physics, which explains the properties of microscopic particles of matter, it is too well know that a Schrodinger equation describes the wave function of a system. But the wavefunction contains a number of Eigen states of the system implicitly such that in a given measurement system reduces into only one eigen state whose probability is given. However, this process of measurement takes away information about other Eigen states. So essentially the process of measurement takes away information from us.
Antonella Vannini [6] has summarized a number of attempts made to understand consciousness using quantum physics,theory of relativity and neurophysiology. They are given here. The interpretation of Copenhagen proposed by Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg, suggests a direct link between consciousness and Quantum Mechanics. This interpretation attributes to Consciousness an explicit role, through the act of measurement and observation, forcing the wave function to collapse into a particle or a wave and determining in this way, reality itself. According to Bohr and Heisenberg consciousness would be an immanent property of reality which exists before the creation of reality
VIII.
PHYSICAL SYSTEMS VERSUS LIVING SYSTEMS AND THE GENERAL SYSTEMS THEORY:
For biological systems which are so strongly interacting with each other, interactions can be more important than the individual characteristics of the systems. In fact these individual qualities are constantly changing with time due to interactions at different levels. Also all living beings are essentially irreversible in nature, that is they grow and decay and they are also open systems compared to the physical system's which are being treated as closed systems (with some approximation, [5]). They constantly interact with the environment, say like human beings, who takes oxygen from atmosphere and releases carbon di-oxide. In addition, human systems have memory, free will, creativity, tendency to interact strongly with other fellow beings and the environment and also have some goal which define their evolution. Also there are micro controls in the form of thought processes which cannot be easily adjusted in any planned "scientific experiment", which makes it impossible to
Fantappie, starts from the Klein-Gordon's relativisticgeneralization of Schrödinger's wave equation and says that this has two solutions: retarded waves whichdiverge from the past to the future and advanced or anticipated waves which diverge from the future to thepast, and which for us, moving forward in time, correspond to converging waves, Fantappieobserves that the diverging waves are governed by the law of entropy, whereas theconverging waves are governed by a symmetrical law, which concentrates energy, producesdifferentiation, structures and order, and which Fantappie named syntropy. Fantappièrecognized the properties of the law of syntropy in the living systems, and concluded thatliving systems are a consequence of anticipated waves.