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## A Brief Introduction to Jain Karma Literature
**167**
This text describes the two states of **karmas** (actions): **udaya** (arising) and **satta** (existence). At the beginning, the author pays homage to Lord Mahavira and expresses his intention to describe the eight **karmas**, **udaya**, and **satta** - a total of ten topics.
The author of this text is **Ata Shivasarmasuri**, who is believed to have lived around the 12th century. He was likely a contemporary or predecessor of **Jagmodarak Devadhisha** of the **Kshamasraman** order. He may have also been a member of the **Dashaputraghar** lineage. However, there is limited information available to shed light on these possibilities. Nevertheless, it can be confidently stated that **Shivasarmasuri** was a brilliant and knowledgeable scholar with a deep and profound understanding of **karma**.
Besides **Karma-prakriti**, he is also credited with the **Praachi Panchama Karmagrantha** (Ancient Fifth Karma Text). Some believe that he also authored the **Saptaatika** (Ancient Seventh Text), while others attribute it to **Chandra Mahत्तर**.
**Explanations of Karma-prakriti**
There are three known commentaries on **Karma-prakriti**. One is in **Prakrit** and is known as the **Purnika**. The author of this commentary is unknown, but it is likely to be the work of the renowned **Churnakar Jinavasaamani Mahत्तर**. Among the Sanskrit commentaries, one is by the famous commentator **Mantrayagiri**, and the other by **Nyayaacharya Yashovijay**. The **Purnika** has approximately 7,000 verses, the **Mantrayagiri** commentary has 8,000 verses, and the **Yashovijay** commentary has 13,000 verses.
**Panchasangraha**
**1**
**1**
The **Panchasangraha** contains approximately 1,000 verses. It discusses topics such as **yoga**, **upayoga**, **gunasthan**, **karmabandha**, **bandhahetu**, **udaya**, **satta**, **bandha**, and the eight **karmas**, among others. The author begins by paying homage to the valiant **Jineshwara**, who destroys the **karmas**, and then expresses his intention to compose a text called **Sangraha**, which is full of profound meaning.
The author then explains the two ways in which the **Panchasangraha** is meaningful...