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## First Karma Granthya
Just as a painter creates various forms of good and bad, such as elephants, horses, lions, deer, humans, etc., similarly, **Namakarma** creates various forms of good and bad for the soul. Therefore, the painter is used as a metaphor for **Namakarma**. The characteristic of **Namakarma** is this:
**Namakarma** is the karma that, upon its fruition, causes the soul to attain hell, animal, human, and celestial realms, and experience various good and bad states. Or, the karma that causes the soul to experience motion, etc., various states, or the formation of body, etc., is called **Namakarma**.
There are forty-two, ninety-nine, one hundred and three, and sixty-four types of **Namakarma** due to **Apekṣābheda**.
Now, in the next two verses, the fourteen **Piḍaprakṛtis** and eight **Pracīnaprakṛtis** of **Namakarma** are mentioned.
**Gati, Jāti, Śarīra, Angopānga, Bandhana, Saṃghātanā, Saṃhanana, Saṃsthāna, Varṇa, Gandha, Rasa, Sparśa, Anupūrvī, and Vihāya** - these are the various states that cause the soul to experience different states. Just as a merchant, in his business, earns various profits and losses, similarly, **Namakarma** causes the soul to experience various states, both good and bad, in the world.
**Stāṇāṅga 2.4.105 Tīkā**